无线传感器网络节能机制与分布式定位算法研究
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摘要
二十世纪九十年代以来,随着微机电技术、嵌入式计算技术、通信技术和传感技术的飞速发展,无线传感器网络得到了学术界、工业界和军方的极大关注。无线传感器网络是由大量低成本、低功耗、具有感知能力、计算能力和无线通信能力的微型传感器节点构成。网络中的传感器节点以自组织的方式构成无线通信网络,有效实现远程信息的采集、处理和传输。无线传感器网络以其自适应性、抗毁性、易部署性和低成本的优点,在国防军事、环境监测、交通管理、医疗卫生、建筑和结构监测及反恐抗灾等领域具有广泛的应用前景。
目前,无线传感器网络及其相关领域的研究热点主要包括各种网络协议、时间同步、协同信息处理、网络拓扑控制、节点定位算法等。在众多相关领域中,如何提高网络的有效寿命、保证网络的监测质量是无线传感器网络的核心技术之一,所以网络的高效节能协议设计是系统设计的关键;而传感器节点的位置信息作为无缝协同的基础是另一个核心技术,并以地理信息辅助路由协议,成为无线传感器网络能够高效节能的关键。本文围绕无线传感器网络节能机制和定位算法这两大主题展开了深入的研究,侧重点在网络路由协议、拓扑控制管理、高精度节点定位算法和定位新技术。
论文首先概述无线传感器网络技术,阐述本文的研究背景及意义,分析无线传感器网络的国内外研究现状。然后,针对该领域的研究热点和难点,从以下四个方面进行研究:
1、在无线传感器网络的网络层,研究一种高效节能的链式分层无线传感器网络路由协议ECR;
2、在无线传感器网络的拓扑管理技术方面,研究一种基于概率探测模型的、传感器网络分布式概率覆盖保持协议DPCP和分布式概率覆盖连通保持协议DPCCP;
3、在无线传感器网络节点定位方面,研究一种跨层、基于多维定标的高精度无锚点定位算法CMDS;
4、在无线传感器网络定位新技术方面,研究一种基于自组织神经网络的分布式无线传感器网络节点定位算法DSOM-RSSI。
针对以上协议和算法研究,通过OMNET++3.3仿真系统和MatLab6.5进行深入的实验研究,实验结果表明了所提出ECR、DPCP、CMDS和DSOM-RSSI等算法的有效性和可行性。
综上所述,本文的研究成果对于无线传感器网络在高效节能和高精度节点定位方面都具有一定的理论意义和应用价值。
With the rapid development of Mircro Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) technologies, embedded computing technologies, communication and sensing technologies since 1990s, wireless sensor network (WSN) has been given much attention by the groups of academy, industry and army corps. WSN consists of low-cost, low-power tiny sensor nodes that can communicate with each other to perform sensing, computing and communicating. These tiny sensor nodes which consist of sensing, data processing, and communicating components, leverage the idea of WSN based on collaborative effort. The features of self-adaptive, ruin-resisitant, easy deployment and low cost, enable WSN to have many potential applications, such as military surveillance, environment monitoring, traffic surveillance, medical treatment, building and structures moning, even anti-terrorism, etc.
Recently, the hot topics about WSN and its related fields are focused on the network protocols, time synchronization, cooporate processing of information, control of network topology and node positioning algorithm, etc. In these fields there are two key problems. One is how to promote the network lifetime and ensure the quality of network service which is one of the crucial techniques in WSN. The other is how to get the highly precise locatliztion information of node which is the foundament of seamless cooperation and the key technic of WSN energy efficient by aiding the geography routing. In this dissertation, we study on the energy-efficient protocols and localization algorithms for WSN, mainly focus on the routing technology, topology contral, the high precise localization algorithms and new localization technic.
In this dissertation, firstly, we introduce the technology of WSN, the background and significance of this dissertation, analyse the hot topics including the cluster routing protocols, coverage control problems and the self localization algorithms of wireless sensors. Secondly, according to the limitation of current reseach on these hot topics, some solusions are researched:
1. On the network layer of WSN, a chain cluser routing protocol is put forward which can effectively prolong the network lifetime.
2. On the aspect of topology control technic of WSN, the distributed probabilistic coverage preserved protocol and the distributed probabilistic connectiviy and coverage preserved protocol are put forward.
3. On the aspect of node localization of WSN, a distributed, high localization precision, anchor free and MDSbased localization algorithm for WSN is put forwards.
4. On the aspect of new localization technology for WSN, a dstributed localization algorithm based on self organizing neural network for WSN is studed which can locate the nodes directly according to the RSSI.
For the new protocols and algorithms mentioned above, the simulation experiments are carried out based on the platforms OMNET++3.3 and MatLab6.5, the experimental results confirm the efficiency and feasibility of ECR, DPCP, CMDS and DSOM-RSSI.
目前,无线传感器网络及其相关领域的研究热点主要包括各种网络协议、时间同步、协同信息处理、网络拓扑控制、节点定位算法等。在众多相关领域中,如何提高网络的有效寿命、保证网络的监测质量是无线传感器网络的核心技术之一,所以网络的高效节能协议设计是系统设计的关键;而传感器节点的位置信息作为无缝协同的基础是另一个核心技术,并以地理信息辅助路由协议,成为无线传感器网络能够高效节能的关键。本文围绕无线传感器网络节能机制和定位算法这两大主题展开了深入的研究,侧重点在网络路由协议、拓扑控制管理、高精度节点定位算法和定位新技术。
论文首先概述无线传感器网络技术,阐述本文的研究背景及意义,分析无线传感器网络的国内外研究现状。然后,针对该领域的研究热点和难点,从以下四个方面进行研究:
1、在无线传感器网络的网络层,研究一种高效节能的链式分层无线传感器网络路由协议ECR;
2、在无线传感器网络的拓扑管理技术方面,研究一种基于概率探测模型的、传感器网络分布式概率覆盖保持协议DPCP和分布式概率覆盖连通保持协议DPCCP;
3、在无线传感器网络节点定位方面,研究一种跨层、基于多维定标的高精度无锚点定位算法CMDS;
4、在无线传感器网络定位新技术方面,研究一种基于自组织神经网络的分布式无线传感器网络节点定位算法DSOM-RSSI。
针对以上协议和算法研究,通过OMNET++3.3仿真系统和MatLab6.5进行深入的实验研究,实验结果表明了所提出ECR、DPCP、CMDS和DSOM-RSSI等算法的有效性和可行性。
综上所述,本文的研究成果对于无线传感器网络在高效节能和高精度节点定位方面都具有一定的理论意义和应用价值。
With the rapid development of Mircro Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) technologies, embedded computing technologies, communication and sensing technologies since 1990s, wireless sensor network (WSN) has been given much attention by the groups of academy, industry and army corps. WSN consists of low-cost, low-power tiny sensor nodes that can communicate with each other to perform sensing, computing and communicating. These tiny sensor nodes which consist of sensing, data processing, and communicating components, leverage the idea of WSN based on collaborative effort. The features of self-adaptive, ruin-resisitant, easy deployment and low cost, enable WSN to have many potential applications, such as military surveillance, environment monitoring, traffic surveillance, medical treatment, building and structures moning, even anti-terrorism, etc.
Recently, the hot topics about WSN and its related fields are focused on the network protocols, time synchronization, cooporate processing of information, control of network topology and node positioning algorithm, etc. In these fields there are two key problems. One is how to promote the network lifetime and ensure the quality of network service which is one of the crucial techniques in WSN. The other is how to get the highly precise locatliztion information of node which is the foundament of seamless cooperation and the key technic of WSN energy efficient by aiding the geography routing. In this dissertation, we study on the energy-efficient protocols and localization algorithms for WSN, mainly focus on the routing technology, topology contral, the high precise localization algorithms and new localization technic.
In this dissertation, firstly, we introduce the technology of WSN, the background and significance of this dissertation, analyse the hot topics including the cluster routing protocols, coverage control problems and the self localization algorithms of wireless sensors. Secondly, according to the limitation of current reseach on these hot topics, some solusions are researched:
1. On the network layer of WSN, a chain cluser routing protocol is put forward which can effectively prolong the network lifetime.
2. On the aspect of topology control technic of WSN, the distributed probabilistic coverage preserved protocol and the distributed probabilistic connectiviy and coverage preserved protocol are put forward.
3. On the aspect of node localization of WSN, a distributed, high localization precision, anchor free and MDSbased localization algorithm for WSN is put forwards.
4. On the aspect of new localization technology for WSN, a dstributed localization algorithm based on self organizing neural network for WSN is studed which can locate the nodes directly according to the RSSI.
For the new protocols and algorithms mentioned above, the simulation experiments are carried out based on the platforms OMNET++3.3 and MatLab6.5, the experimental results confirm the efficiency and feasibility of ECR, DPCP, CMDS and DSOM-RSSI.
引文
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