丛枝菌根菌对玉米生理生态特性和农艺性状的影响研究
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摘要
本试验对南方大田玉米人工接种两种不同AMF,分析接种两种AMF后对玉米生理生态特性的变化和农艺性状的变化,为南方大田玉米的优质高效生产和农田的可持续生产提供依据。
对玉米“正大619”人工接种摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)和地表球囊霉(Glomus versiforme)两种AMF,将菌根化苗移栽南方大田,移栽17天后开始考察其不同时期各项生理生态指标和农艺性状变化,并与没接种AMF的玉米作比较。所获主要结果如下:
1接种AMF菌剂后,能显著提高玉米叶片含水量,增强了玉米的抗旱保水能力;提高了叶绿素含量,延长玉米叶片寿命;提高了玉米的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_2浓度,为增加光合产物提供了原料保障;促进了植株对N、P、K的吸收,尤其是N、P元素的吸收;提高了根系IAA含量,促进根系的生长,延长了根系的生长时间,延缓根系衰老。
2接种AMF促进了植株的营养生长,提高了玉米株高,在生长期后期尤为明显;提高了叶面积系数,改善光照环境,提高了光合效率;提高了干物质积累效率,提高了同化速率,增加了干物质总量;提高了生物产量、经济产量和百粒重。
3接种AMF后改变了玉米根系形态,使根系变长,根毛变多。细懈岛陀啄鄹涤执俳薃MF的侵染。这种相互促进的作用拓展了玉米根系,延长了根系寿命,延缓根系衰老,提高了玉米吸收矿质元素的能力,以及抗逆抗病的能力。
4在本实验条件下,地表球囊霉对玉米生长的促进作用略优于摩西球囊霉。
In this experiment, the Physiological Effect, Ecological Effect and the Agronomic Traits of Maize inoculated with two kinds of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) were studied in Southern field, providing the basis for the high quality and high yield of maize, as well as the agriculture sustainable production.
Two kinds of AMF, Glomus mosseae and Glomus versifyorme, were inoculated in maize "Zhengda 619". Seedlings of mycorrhizal maize were transplanted in Southern field. 17 days after transplanting began to inspect the variation of the indicators of Physiological and ecological and agronomic traits in different periods, compared with the no-inoculated maize. The results showed that:
1. The Relative water content of maize leaves could be improved significantly, and tne drought-resistant and water capacity were also increased; the chlorophyll content were increased; the life of maize leaves were extended; the maize net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and the cond of CO_2 in the cell were increased, which ensure the provision of the raw materials for the increase of photosythesis production; N, P, K absorption were improved, in particular, N, P elements of the absorption; the content of IAA was increased, the growth of roots were promoted, Growth time of roots were extended, the roots aging were delayed.
2. AMF inoculation promoted the plant nutrition growth, improved the maize plant height, especially in the late season, increased the leaf area index, improved illumination environment, increased the photosynthetic efficiency, improved the efficiency of dry matter accumulation and improved the rate of assimilation, it increased the total dry matter; increase the biological production, economic output and 100-seed weight.
3. AMF simbiosis changed the shape of maize root system, and make root longer, root hair more variable. The delicate roots promoted the AMF infection. This interaction expanded the maize roots, extended the life of roots, delayed root aging, improved maize's absorption capacity of the mineral elements, and improved the capacity of stress tolerance and disease resistance.
4. Under the experimental condition, Glomus versiforme to promote the growth of maize slightly better than Glomus mosseae.
对玉米“正大619”人工接种摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)和地表球囊霉(Glomus versiforme)两种AMF,将菌根化苗移栽南方大田,移栽17天后开始考察其不同时期各项生理生态指标和农艺性状变化,并与没接种AMF的玉米作比较。所获主要结果如下:
1接种AMF菌剂后,能显著提高玉米叶片含水量,增强了玉米的抗旱保水能力;提高了叶绿素含量,延长玉米叶片寿命;提高了玉米的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_2浓度,为增加光合产物提供了原料保障;促进了植株对N、P、K的吸收,尤其是N、P元素的吸收;提高了根系IAA含量,促进根系的生长,延长了根系的生长时间,延缓根系衰老。
2接种AMF促进了植株的营养生长,提高了玉米株高,在生长期后期尤为明显;提高了叶面积系数,改善光照环境,提高了光合效率;提高了干物质积累效率,提高了同化速率,增加了干物质总量;提高了生物产量、经济产量和百粒重。
3接种AMF后改变了玉米根系形态,使根系变长,根毛变多。细懈岛陀啄鄹涤执俳薃MF的侵染。这种相互促进的作用拓展了玉米根系,延长了根系寿命,延缓根系衰老,提高了玉米吸收矿质元素的能力,以及抗逆抗病的能力。
4在本实验条件下,地表球囊霉对玉米生长的促进作用略优于摩西球囊霉。
In this experiment, the Physiological Effect, Ecological Effect and the Agronomic Traits of Maize inoculated with two kinds of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) were studied in Southern field, providing the basis for the high quality and high yield of maize, as well as the agriculture sustainable production.
Two kinds of AMF, Glomus mosseae and Glomus versifyorme, were inoculated in maize "Zhengda 619". Seedlings of mycorrhizal maize were transplanted in Southern field. 17 days after transplanting began to inspect the variation of the indicators of Physiological and ecological and agronomic traits in different periods, compared with the no-inoculated maize. The results showed that:
1. The Relative water content of maize leaves could be improved significantly, and tne drought-resistant and water capacity were also increased; the chlorophyll content were increased; the life of maize leaves were extended; the maize net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and the cond of CO_2 in the cell were increased, which ensure the provision of the raw materials for the increase of photosythesis production; N, P, K absorption were improved, in particular, N, P elements of the absorption; the content of IAA was increased, the growth of roots were promoted, Growth time of roots were extended, the roots aging were delayed.
2. AMF inoculation promoted the plant nutrition growth, improved the maize plant height, especially in the late season, increased the leaf area index, improved illumination environment, increased the photosynthetic efficiency, improved the efficiency of dry matter accumulation and improved the rate of assimilation, it increased the total dry matter; increase the biological production, economic output and 100-seed weight.
3. AMF simbiosis changed the shape of maize root system, and make root longer, root hair more variable. The delicate roots promoted the AMF infection. This interaction expanded the maize roots, extended the life of roots, delayed root aging, improved maize's absorption capacity of the mineral elements, and improved the capacity of stress tolerance and disease resistance.
4. Under the experimental condition, Glomus versiforme to promote the growth of maize slightly better than Glomus mosseae.
引文
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