生产系列化中的反垄断法律问题研究
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摘要
一般而言,生产系列化是指一些相关企业在某一特定区域通过集聚成群而不断提升企业及产业整体竞争力的现象及其过程。生产系列化表现为众多相关中小企业围绕一个特大型成品商形成的产业集群。在一个处于中心地位的大企业的带动下,各中小企业一方面按照它的要求,为它加工、制造某种产品的零部件或配件,或者提供某种服务,另一方面又完成相对独立的生产运作,取得自身的发展。一般说来,当生产系列化形成后,将可以通过多种途径,如降低成本、刺激创新、提高效率、加剧竞争等,提升整个区域的竞争能力,并形成一种群体竞争力。
生产系列化中,由于中小企业的生存取决于核心企业的订单,甚至中小企业生产加工的产品只有他们所为之服务的核心企业才用得上,换句话说,如果核心企业拒绝中小企业的产品,那么中小企业的产品是卖不出去的。所以中小企业对于核心企业的依赖关系极为强烈。核心企业凭借着这样的市场垄断地位对依附于其身的中小企业进行排挤也就不难想象了。很显然,生产系列化中核心企业对中小企业的排挤势必严重影响了中小企业的发展。
以核心企业为主,中小企业为辅的生产系列化模式使产业形成了一个固定的体系,尤其在核心企业控制了中小企业生存发展,中小企业只听命于核心企业的情况下,其他企业或者其他行业像进入这一领域是十分困难的。生产系列化形成了庞大的关系网,使潜在的竞争对手们望而生畏,同时,中小企业不能为其他企业所利用,如果潜在的竞争对手想与原来的企业进行竞争,就必须通过各种方式建立起自己的一套生产系列化体系,这样大的成本和开销是许多企业不愿意承受,所以他们宁可选择不进入这一领域,而这种选择正是原来的核心企业们所希望看到的。久而久之,在这一领域,生产系列化中的核心企业就形成了垄断力量,自由竞争秩序也就无从谈起了。
由于我国反垄断法律制度的不完善,同时经济的增长对于外资的依赖也很强烈,很多跨国公司即看中了我国市场潜力大,劳动力成本低的特点,又发觉我国对外资依赖性强这种先天不足,加上我国反垄断法刚刚出台没多久,所以,跨国公司在中国市场上的垄断行为基本上是没有阻力的。同时由于反垄断法在我国的缺失,在生产系列化的问题中,不仅仅外资巨头会实行垄断行为,国内的大企业实行垄断行为也是毫无顾忌的。这导致我国中小企业生存状况堪忧,同时市场的竞争秩序也遭到了破坏。
所以,在我国,反垄断法对于生产系列化中的垄断行为进行规制具有很强的现实意义。本文着重阐述了生产系列化所涉及的垄断行为及其认定,分析我国生产系列化的现状,反垄断法对生产系列化的规制情况,并提出了我国反垄断法的缺陷及完善意见,以达到更好的规范生产系列化这种经济模式的效果
Generally speaking, the production seriation is refers to some related enterprises through to gather in some specific region in groups and promotes the enterprise and the industrial overall competitive power phenomenon and the process unceasingly. The production seriation performance for the numerous related small and medium-sized enterprises the industrial colony which forms regarding an extra large type end product business. In is in the central position under big enterprise's lead, various small and medium-sized enterprises defer to its request at the same time, processes, makes some product for it the spare part or the fitting, or provides some kind of service, on the other hand completes the relatively independent production operation, makes own progress. In general, after when the production seriation forms, might through many kinds of ways, like reduce the cost, the stimulation innovation, to raise the efficiency, the aggravating competition and so on, promotion entire region competitive ability, and forms population body competitive power
In production seriation, because the small and medium-sized enterprise survival is decided by the core enterprise's order form, even the small and medium-sized enterprise production processing's product only then service's of their behavior core enterprise is only then useful, in other words, if the core enterprise rejects the small and medium-sized enterprise the product, then the small and medium-sized enterprise product cannot sell. Therefore the small and medium-sized enterprise is extremely intense regarding the core enterprise's dependence. The core enterprise relied on such market monopolistic position to attach carries on his/her body's small and medium-sized enterprise pushes aside is also not difficult to imagine. Very obviously, in the production seriation the core enterprise will push aside inevitably the serious influence small and medium-sized enterprise development to the small and medium-sized enterprise.
Take the core enterprise primarily, the small and medium-sized enterprise caused the industry as the auxiliary production seriation pattern to form a fixed system, especially controlled the small and medium-sized enterprise survival development in the core enterprise, the small and medium-sized enterprise has only taken orders from in the core enterprise's situation, other enterprises or other professions entered this domain are likely very difficult. The production seriation has formed the huge relationship network, causes the latent competitors to be awed at the sight, simultaneously, the small and medium-sized enterprise cannot use for other enterprises, if the latent competitor wants to carry on the competition with the original enterprise, must establish an own set of production seriation system through each way, the such great cost and the expenses are many enterprises are not willing to withstand, therefore they rather choose do not enter this domain, but this kind of choice is precisely the original core enterprises hoped that sees. Gradually, in this domain, in the production seriation's core enterprise has formed the monopoly power, the free competition order also without knowing where to begin mentioned.because our country antimonopoly law legal system is imperfect, simultaneously the economical growth is also very intense regarding the foreign capital dependence, the Multinational corporation namely settled on our country market potential to be big, labor force cost low characteristic, also detected that our country was congenitally deficient to the foreign capital dependence strong this kind, how long in addition didn't our country antimonopoly law just appear, therefore, Multinational corporation's basically did not have the resistance in Chinese market monopoly behavior. Meanwhile as a result of the antimonopoly law in our country's flaw, in the production seriation's question, not only the foreign capital giant will implement the monopoly behavior, the domestic big enterprise will implement the monopoly behavior also to have no scruples. This causes Our country Small and medium-sized enterprise survival condition to be worrying, simultaneously the market competition order has also encountered the destruction.therefore , in our country, the antimonopoly law carries on the rules and regulations regarding the production seriation's in monopoly behavior to have the very strong practical significance. This article elaborated emphatically the production seriation involves the monopoly behavior and recognized, analyzes our country to produce serialized the present situation, the antimonopoly law to produces serialized the rules and regulations situation, and proposed our country antimonopoly law's flaw and the consummation opinion, achieves better standard production seriation this kind of economic type effect
生产系列化中,由于中小企业的生存取决于核心企业的订单,甚至中小企业生产加工的产品只有他们所为之服务的核心企业才用得上,换句话说,如果核心企业拒绝中小企业的产品,那么中小企业的产品是卖不出去的。所以中小企业对于核心企业的依赖关系极为强烈。核心企业凭借着这样的市场垄断地位对依附于其身的中小企业进行排挤也就不难想象了。很显然,生产系列化中核心企业对中小企业的排挤势必严重影响了中小企业的发展。
以核心企业为主,中小企业为辅的生产系列化模式使产业形成了一个固定的体系,尤其在核心企业控制了中小企业生存发展,中小企业只听命于核心企业的情况下,其他企业或者其他行业像进入这一领域是十分困难的。生产系列化形成了庞大的关系网,使潜在的竞争对手们望而生畏,同时,中小企业不能为其他企业所利用,如果潜在的竞争对手想与原来的企业进行竞争,就必须通过各种方式建立起自己的一套生产系列化体系,这样大的成本和开销是许多企业不愿意承受,所以他们宁可选择不进入这一领域,而这种选择正是原来的核心企业们所希望看到的。久而久之,在这一领域,生产系列化中的核心企业就形成了垄断力量,自由竞争秩序也就无从谈起了。
由于我国反垄断法律制度的不完善,同时经济的增长对于外资的依赖也很强烈,很多跨国公司即看中了我国市场潜力大,劳动力成本低的特点,又发觉我国对外资依赖性强这种先天不足,加上我国反垄断法刚刚出台没多久,所以,跨国公司在中国市场上的垄断行为基本上是没有阻力的。同时由于反垄断法在我国的缺失,在生产系列化的问题中,不仅仅外资巨头会实行垄断行为,国内的大企业实行垄断行为也是毫无顾忌的。这导致我国中小企业生存状况堪忧,同时市场的竞争秩序也遭到了破坏。
所以,在我国,反垄断法对于生产系列化中的垄断行为进行规制具有很强的现实意义。本文着重阐述了生产系列化所涉及的垄断行为及其认定,分析我国生产系列化的现状,反垄断法对生产系列化的规制情况,并提出了我国反垄断法的缺陷及完善意见,以达到更好的规范生产系列化这种经济模式的效果
Generally speaking, the production seriation is refers to some related enterprises through to gather in some specific region in groups and promotes the enterprise and the industrial overall competitive power phenomenon and the process unceasingly. The production seriation performance for the numerous related small and medium-sized enterprises the industrial colony which forms regarding an extra large type end product business. In is in the central position under big enterprise's lead, various small and medium-sized enterprises defer to its request at the same time, processes, makes some product for it the spare part or the fitting, or provides some kind of service, on the other hand completes the relatively independent production operation, makes own progress. In general, after when the production seriation forms, might through many kinds of ways, like reduce the cost, the stimulation innovation, to raise the efficiency, the aggravating competition and so on, promotion entire region competitive ability, and forms population body competitive power
In production seriation, because the small and medium-sized enterprise survival is decided by the core enterprise's order form, even the small and medium-sized enterprise production processing's product only then service's of their behavior core enterprise is only then useful, in other words, if the core enterprise rejects the small and medium-sized enterprise the product, then the small and medium-sized enterprise product cannot sell. Therefore the small and medium-sized enterprise is extremely intense regarding the core enterprise's dependence. The core enterprise relied on such market monopolistic position to attach carries on his/her body's small and medium-sized enterprise pushes aside is also not difficult to imagine. Very obviously, in the production seriation the core enterprise will push aside inevitably the serious influence small and medium-sized enterprise development to the small and medium-sized enterprise.
Take the core enterprise primarily, the small and medium-sized enterprise caused the industry as the auxiliary production seriation pattern to form a fixed system, especially controlled the small and medium-sized enterprise survival development in the core enterprise, the small and medium-sized enterprise has only taken orders from in the core enterprise's situation, other enterprises or other professions entered this domain are likely very difficult. The production seriation has formed the huge relationship network, causes the latent competitors to be awed at the sight, simultaneously, the small and medium-sized enterprise cannot use for other enterprises, if the latent competitor wants to carry on the competition with the original enterprise, must establish an own set of production seriation system through each way, the such great cost and the expenses are many enterprises are not willing to withstand, therefore they rather choose do not enter this domain, but this kind of choice is precisely the original core enterprises hoped that sees. Gradually, in this domain, in the production seriation's core enterprise has formed the monopoly power, the free competition order also without knowing where to begin mentioned.because our country antimonopoly law legal system is imperfect, simultaneously the economical growth is also very intense regarding the foreign capital dependence, the Multinational corporation namely settled on our country market potential to be big, labor force cost low characteristic, also detected that our country was congenitally deficient to the foreign capital dependence strong this kind, how long in addition didn't our country antimonopoly law just appear, therefore, Multinational corporation's basically did not have the resistance in Chinese market monopoly behavior. Meanwhile as a result of the antimonopoly law in our country's flaw, in the production seriation's question, not only the foreign capital giant will implement the monopoly behavior, the domestic big enterprise will implement the monopoly behavior also to have no scruples. This causes Our country Small and medium-sized enterprise survival condition to be worrying, simultaneously the market competition order has also encountered the destruction.therefore , in our country, the antimonopoly law carries on the rules and regulations regarding the production seriation's in monopoly behavior to have the very strong practical significance. This article elaborated emphatically the production seriation involves the monopoly behavior and recognized, analyzes our country to produce serialized the present situation, the antimonopoly law to produces serialized the rules and regulations situation, and proposed our country antimonopoly law's flaw and the consummation opinion, achieves better standard production seriation this kind of economic type effect
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中国论文网
中国经济法网
中国民商法律网
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北大法学网
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