TP2铜管退火过程组织演变的数值模拟
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摘要
随着空调、冰箱及制冷行业的迅猛发展，铜管需求量逐年递增，对铜管质量的要求也越来越高，不仅要求铜管细径化、薄壁化、高效传热、高清洁度，而且对铜管的微观组织与力学性能也提出严格的技术标准。在铜管生产中，退火处理控制着铜管产品的微观组织及其力学性能，对其进行研究具有重要的生产指导意义。
本文以TP2铜管退火过程为研究对象，结合传热学理论，建立了TP2铜盘管Junker炉退火过程的传热模型，利用有限元软件MSC．Marc对于P2铜盘管的温度场进行计算机模拟，确定了影响铜盘管温度场分布的主要因素。基于物理冶金学理论，通过铜管退火实验建立了退火组织演变的数学模型，利用有限元软件MSC．Marc强大的二次开发功能编制了退火组织演变的子程序，对内螺纹管及铜盘管退火过程中的组织演变进行数值模拟，分析了退火王艺参数对铜管及铜盘管组织演变的影响。
在模拟分析中，得出了铜盘管温度场、再结晶体积分数、晶粒尺寸、及残余应变的分布规律。退火过程中，铜盘管温度场分布是不均匀的，出现表面“热点”和中心“冷点”，在退火时间上，“冷点”比“热点”有一段时间的滞后。对流换热系数和铜盘管的等效热导率是影响铜盘管温度场分布不均的主要因素。温度场分布不均导致铜盘管各部分组织演变不同步，芯部铜管温度较低，再结晶进行不彻底，退火后残余应力未被完全消除，最终晶粒尺寸较小。残余应力的存在和晶粒尺寸的差异导致铜盘管各部分力学性能不一致，生产中可以利用“热点”与“冷点”的温差来选择合适的冷却时机，使铜盘管各部分的组织和力学性能趋于均匀。
With the rapid development of the air-conditioners, refrigerators and the refrigerating industry, the output of copper robe requirement is increasing year after year. The quality requirement is also more and more high. Not only the minimized diameter, thin wall and high cleanliness are required, but also a strict technical criterion of the microstructure and mechanical property is proposed. As the microstructure and mechanical property of copper tube products are controlled by the annealing process in production, it has an important guiding meaning to study the annealing process.
In this paper, the annealing process of TP2 copper tube is investigated. Combined with the theory of heat transfer, the heat transfer model of copper tube coil during annealing in Junker furnace is established. The temperature field of copper tube coil is simulated by using the FEA software MSC.Marc. Main factors that influence the temperature distribution of copper tube coil are analyzed. Based on the theory of physical metallurgy, the mathematical model of the annealing microstructure evolution is established by the annealing experiment of copper tube. The subroutine of annealing microstructure evolution is compiled by using the strong secondary development function of the FEA software MSC.Marc. The annealing microstmcture evolution of the inner groove copper tube is simulated. The influence of annealing process parameters on microstructure evolution of the copper tube is analyzed.
Using simulation analyzing, distribution of temperature, recrystallization volume fraction, grain size and residual strain are obtained distinctly. The temperature distribution of copper tube coil is not uniform, surface hot point and inner cold point appear during annealing. The cold point lags some time than the hot point in annealing time. Main factors that influence the temperature distribution of copper tube coil are convection heat transfer coefficient and equivalent conductivity. The non-uniform temperature distribution results in microstructure evolution asynchronous. Due to lower temperature of the inner tubes, recrystallization of the inner tubes is incomplete, the residual stress is removed incompletely and the final grain size is smaller after annealing, Existence of residual stress and difference of grain size result in non-uniform mechanical property of copper tube coil. The appropriate cooling time is selected by using the temperature difference of hot point and cold point in production, which can make the microstructure and mechanical property of copper tube coil tend to be uniform.
本文以TP2铜管退火过程为研究对象，结合传热学理论，建立了TP2铜盘管Junker炉退火过程的传热模型，利用有限元软件MSC．Marc对于P2铜盘管的温度场进行计算机模拟，确定了影响铜盘管温度场分布的主要因素。基于物理冶金学理论，通过铜管退火实验建立了退火组织演变的数学模型，利用有限元软件MSC．Marc强大的二次开发功能编制了退火组织演变的子程序，对内螺纹管及铜盘管退火过程中的组织演变进行数值模拟，分析了退火王艺参数对铜管及铜盘管组织演变的影响。
在模拟分析中，得出了铜盘管温度场、再结晶体积分数、晶粒尺寸、及残余应变的分布规律。退火过程中，铜盘管温度场分布是不均匀的，出现表面“热点”和中心“冷点”，在退火时间上，“冷点”比“热点”有一段时间的滞后。对流换热系数和铜盘管的等效热导率是影响铜盘管温度场分布不均的主要因素。温度场分布不均导致铜盘管各部分组织演变不同步，芯部铜管温度较低，再结晶进行不彻底，退火后残余应力未被完全消除，最终晶粒尺寸较小。残余应力的存在和晶粒尺寸的差异导致铜盘管各部分力学性能不一致，生产中可以利用“热点”与“冷点”的温差来选择合适的冷却时机，使铜盘管各部分的组织和力学性能趋于均匀。
With the rapid development of the air-conditioners, refrigerators and the refrigerating industry, the output of copper robe requirement is increasing year after year. The quality requirement is also more and more high. Not only the minimized diameter, thin wall and high cleanliness are required, but also a strict technical criterion of the microstructure and mechanical property is proposed. As the microstructure and mechanical property of copper tube products are controlled by the annealing process in production, it has an important guiding meaning to study the annealing process.
In this paper, the annealing process of TP2 copper tube is investigated. Combined with the theory of heat transfer, the heat transfer model of copper tube coil during annealing in Junker furnace is established. The temperature field of copper tube coil is simulated by using the FEA software MSC.Marc. Main factors that influence the temperature distribution of copper tube coil are analyzed. Based on the theory of physical metallurgy, the mathematical model of the annealing microstructure evolution is established by the annealing experiment of copper tube. The subroutine of annealing microstructure evolution is compiled by using the strong secondary development function of the FEA software MSC.Marc. The annealing microstmcture evolution of the inner groove copper tube is simulated. The influence of annealing process parameters on microstructure evolution of the copper tube is analyzed.
Using simulation analyzing, distribution of temperature, recrystallization volume fraction, grain size and residual strain are obtained distinctly. The temperature distribution of copper tube coil is not uniform, surface hot point and inner cold point appear during annealing. The cold point lags some time than the hot point in annealing time. Main factors that influence the temperature distribution of copper tube coil are convection heat transfer coefficient and equivalent conductivity. The non-uniform temperature distribution results in microstructure evolution asynchronous. Due to lower temperature of the inner tubes, recrystallization of the inner tubes is incomplete, the residual stress is removed incompletely and the final grain size is smaller after annealing, Existence of residual stress and difference of grain size result in non-uniform mechanical property of copper tube coil. The appropriate cooling time is selected by using the temperature difference of hot point and cold point in production, which can make the microstructure and mechanical property of copper tube coil tend to be uniform.
引文
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[11] 王碧文，陈连英．中国铜加工业技术创新——兼论中国潜流式连铸技术及产业化．中国铜加工技术创新文集．2006：6-18．
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[13] 潘家柱．在中国国际精密铜管技术年会上的致词．有色金属工业．2003(10)：11-12．
[14] 王碧文．中国铜加工业技术现状及发展．世界有色金属．2005(7)：16-20．
[15] 郭照相．从高新张铜的崛起看我国铜管业的方向．有色金属工业．2005(10)：40-43．
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[17] T. Siwecki. Modeling of microstructure evolution during recrystallization controlled rolling. ISIJ International, 1992, 32 (3): 368-376.
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[20] M. P. Anderson, D. J. Srolovitz, G. S. Grest, et al. Computer simulation of grain growth I. kinetics. Acta Metall, 1984, 32:783-791.
[21] M. P. Anderson, D. J. Srolovitz, G. S. Grest, et al. Computer simulation of grain growth II. Grain size distribution, topology and local dynamics. Acta Metall, 1984,32:793-802.
[22] M. P. Anderson, D.J. Srolovitz, G.S. Grest, et al. Computer simulation of grain growth III. Influence of a particle dispersion. Acta Metall, 1984, 32:1429-1438.
[23] D. J. Srolovitz, G.S. Grest, M.P. Anderson. Computer simulation of grain growth IV. the anisotropic grain boundary energy. Acta Metall, 1985, 33:509-520.
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