IPTV承载网QoS的研究
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摘要
随着信息通信技术和IP技术的不断进步,互联网和宽带通信网得到了极大的发展,在其发展过程中出现了网络电视(IPTV),它是互联网业务和传统电视业务融合的新业务。IPTV将是下一代网络(NGN)中最重要的业务之一,也是将来家庭网络中非常重要的业务形态。不同于传统的定时、单向广播电视模式,IPTV使人们可以在任何时间、任何地点有选择的观看喜欢的电视节目,实现媒体提供者和媒体消费者之间的实时互动。
首先,论文阐述了IPTV的发展历史及现状,并对IPTV承载网QoS技术进行了详细介绍,在此基础上,本文分别讨论了网络服务的综合业务模型(Int-Serv)、区分业务模型(Diff-Serv)和多协议标签交换(MPLS)。
然后,对IPTV系统的相关理论进行了介绍,着重介绍了网络电视所涉及的关键技术,特别是承载网技术,它是IPTV系统的根基,详细论述了承载网QoS原理和实现方法。介绍了多协议标签交换的概念和主要技术特点。本文所采用的实现QoS的方法是MPLS模型和Diff-Serv模型相结合的方法。
最后,建立网络仿真模型,在普通环境下和QoS环境下分别进行仿真实验,得到统计量参数,并且把两组数据进行对比,得出结论。
实验证明,用MPLS+Diff-Serv模型实现IPTV承载网QoS的方法行之有效,时延、抖动和响应时间等参数的值明显降低,网络性能得到了显著的提升。MPLS模型和Diff-Serv模型相结合实现QoS的方法具有很好的发展前景。
With the development of communication technology and Internet Protocol (IP) , Internet and broadband communication network advance greatly. In the process of development, Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) appears, which is the integration of Internet business and traditional TV business. IPTV will be one of the most important business in the Next Generation Network(NGN), and very important business form in the home network in the future. IPTV makes it possible that people can watch TV selectively at any time and any place, and that the media providers and media consumers can interact in real-time, which is different from the traditional, one-way broadcast TV.
Firstly, the history of IPTV and the research status are presented, and Quality of Service (QoS) technique is described in detail. On that basis, the paper discusses Integrated Service (Int-Serv) model, Differentiated Services (Diff-Serv)model, Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS)of the web service.
Then, the relevant theory of IPTV, especially the key technologies of network TV are described. All of it the bearer network technology is most the important, which is the base of IPTV system. And the QoS theory and implementation method are described. Then the concept of MPLS and main technical characters are presented. The QoS realized method in this paper combines the MPLS model and Diff-Serv model.
Finally, the network simulation model is established. And in the general and QoS environment, the simulation experiments are conducted, and the statistic parameters are obtained. The conclusions are made by comparing the two results.
The result show that the QoS realized approach combining the MPLS and Diff-Serv model is effective, time-delay, jitter and response time are significantly reduced, and network performance is significantly improved. The QoS realized method combining the MPLS and Diff-Serv model has very excellent prospect.
首先,论文阐述了IPTV的发展历史及现状,并对IPTV承载网QoS技术进行了详细介绍,在此基础上,本文分别讨论了网络服务的综合业务模型(Int-Serv)、区分业务模型(Diff-Serv)和多协议标签交换(MPLS)。
然后,对IPTV系统的相关理论进行了介绍,着重介绍了网络电视所涉及的关键技术,特别是承载网技术,它是IPTV系统的根基,详细论述了承载网QoS原理和实现方法。介绍了多协议标签交换的概念和主要技术特点。本文所采用的实现QoS的方法是MPLS模型和Diff-Serv模型相结合的方法。
最后,建立网络仿真模型,在普通环境下和QoS环境下分别进行仿真实验,得到统计量参数,并且把两组数据进行对比,得出结论。
实验证明,用MPLS+Diff-Serv模型实现IPTV承载网QoS的方法行之有效,时延、抖动和响应时间等参数的值明显降低,网络性能得到了显著的提升。MPLS模型和Diff-Serv模型相结合实现QoS的方法具有很好的发展前景。
With the development of communication technology and Internet Protocol (IP) , Internet and broadband communication network advance greatly. In the process of development, Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) appears, which is the integration of Internet business and traditional TV business. IPTV will be one of the most important business in the Next Generation Network(NGN), and very important business form in the home network in the future. IPTV makes it possible that people can watch TV selectively at any time and any place, and that the media providers and media consumers can interact in real-time, which is different from the traditional, one-way broadcast TV.
Firstly, the history of IPTV and the research status are presented, and Quality of Service (QoS) technique is described in detail. On that basis, the paper discusses Integrated Service (Int-Serv) model, Differentiated Services (Diff-Serv)model, Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS)of the web service.
Then, the relevant theory of IPTV, especially the key technologies of network TV are described. All of it the bearer network technology is most the important, which is the base of IPTV system. And the QoS theory and implementation method are described. Then the concept of MPLS and main technical characters are presented. The QoS realized method in this paper combines the MPLS model and Diff-Serv model.
Finally, the network simulation model is established. And in the general and QoS environment, the simulation experiments are conducted, and the statistic parameters are obtained. The conclusions are made by comparing the two results.
The result show that the QoS realized approach combining the MPLS and Diff-Serv model is effective, time-delay, jitter and response time are significantly reduced, and network performance is significantly improved. The QoS realized method combining the MPLS and Diff-Serv model has very excellent prospect.
引文
1金纯,齐岩松,于鸿洋,陈前斌. IPTV及其解决方案.国防工业出版社, 2006:1, 219~222,101~105, 108
2林闯,单志广,任丰原.计算机网络的服务质量(QOS).清华大学出版社, 2004:3~15
3 Brix Networks Inc. Service Quality Matters for IPTV:A Lifecycle Approach. white paper. 2006:25~36
4 AWDUCHE D, MEHRA A,CARLSON M, et al. Requirements forTraffic Engineering Over MPLS. IETF. RFC 2702,1999
5汪卫国.国际IPTV市场的发展状况.当代通信. 2005, (14):19~21
6 X. Xiao, M.Ni. InternetQoS, A Big Picture. IEEE Network 1999, (13):128~189
7 Schiff B, Vasani K. Resilient packet ring for optical Internet edge. Lightwave. 2001,4 (4):184~190
8 R.Braden, D.Clark, S.Shenker. Intergrated Services in the Internet Architecture: An Overview. IETF RFC1633,1994
9 S.Blake, D.Black, M.Carlson, E.Davies, et al. An Architecture for Differentiated Services. IETF RFC2475,1998
10彭晖.新型的骨干网络路由平台MPLS.人民邮电出版社, 2002:23~30
11石晶林,丁伟等编著. MPLS宽带网络互联技术.人民邮电出版社. 2001:183, 97~103,181~183
12孙谦,文爱军,张军.弹性分组环标准化进展与应用现状.信息技术与标准化. 2003,7:45~47
13李骞.弹性分组环技术在MSTP平台中的应用.电子科技大学. 2005:12
14杨建辉.弹性分组环(RPR)和非可靠传输的研究与实现.国防科学技术大学. 2005:12
15季伟,葛振斌,何青,陈春明. IPTV关键技术及应用.机械工业出版社, 2007:18~28,12~15
16 G. Hunt, E. Nahum, and J. Tracey. Enabling content-based load distribution for scalable services. IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, 1997
17 D A Tran, K Hua, T Do. A Peer-to-Peer Architecture for Media Streaming. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Special Issue on Advances in Service Overlay Networks, 2004,22, 22 (1):121~133
18 Dongyan Xu, Sunil Suresh Kulkarni, Catherine Rosenberg, Heung-Keung Chai. Analysis of a CDN–P2P hybrid architecture for cost-effective streaming media distribution. Multimedia Systems. 2006,11, (4):383~399
19 Li Zhao, Jian Guangluo, Meng Zhang, et al. Gridmedia:a Practical Peer-to-peer Based Live Video Streaming System. Proc.of the 7th IEEE Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing. Shanghai,.China. 2005:1~4
20 Chao Zhang, Hai Jin, Dafu Deng, Sirui Yang, Quan Yuan, Zuoning Yin. Anysee: Multicast-based Peer-to-Peer Media Streaming Service System. Communications, 2005 Asia-Pacific Conference. 03-05Oct2005:274~278
21 D. R. Karger, E. Lehman, F. T. Leighton, R. Panigrahy, M. S. Levine, D. Lewin. Consistent hashing and random trees:Distributed caching protocols for relieving hot spots on the world wide web. ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing. 2002:654~663
22 K.L.Johnson, J.F.Carr, M.S.Day, and M.F.Kaashoek. The measured performance of content distribution networks. In Proceedings of The 5th International Web Caching and Content Delivery Workshop, Lisbon, Portugal,2000
23 M.Fetscheri. Present State and Emerging Scenarios of Digital Rights Management Systems. The International Journal on Media Management. 2002,(4)
24 Iannella R. Digital Rights Management (DRM) Architectures. D-Lib Magazine, 2001,67, 6(7):207~216
25 Sikora.T. MPEG digital video-coding standards. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine. 1997,145, 14(5):82~100
26 Li Weiping. Overview of fine granularity scalability in MPEG-4 video standard. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 2001,11, 11 (3):301~317
27陈亮. AVS先进编码技术研究.华中科技大学.硕士论文. 2008:4
28 Mark Holland, GarthA.Gibson, DanielP.Siewiorek. Architectures and algorithms for on-line failure recovery in redundant disk arrays. Distributed and Parallel Databases, 1994,2, (3):295~335
29 Garth A Gibson and Rodney Van Meter. Network attached storage architecture. Communications of the ACM, 2000,43119, 43(119):37~45
30秦艳飞.宽带接入网络中认证技术的研究与应用.北京交通大学.硕士论文. 2007:18~30
31 Edward Altman, Sanjeev Goyal, S.Sahu. A digital media asset ecosystem for the globalfilm industry. Journal of Digital Asset Management. 2006, (1):6~16
32 LI B, LIU J C. Multirate video multicast over the internet: an overview. IEEE Network. 2003,171, 17(1):24~29
33 Rohit Puri, et al. Forword error correction (FEC) codes based multiple description coding for internet video streaming and multicast. Signal Processing: Image Communication. 2001,16, 16:745~762
34 Kramer G, Mukherjee B, Pesavento G. IPACT: a dynamic protocol for an ethernet PON(EPON).IEEE Communication Magazine, 2002,402, 40(2): 74~80
35卢官明,宗昉. IPTV技术及应用.人民邮电出版社, 2007:203~228
36 Kramer G, Mukherjee B, Pesavento G. Ethernet PON(ePON): design and analysis of an optical access network .Photonic Network Communications. 2001,33, 3(3):307~319
37王毅.基于IPTV承载网的应用层组播研究.重庆大学.硕士论文.2008:22~24
38 Han I, Park H-S, Youn K, et al. An integrated home-server for communication, broadcast reception, and home automation. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 2006,52, 52 (1):104~109
39 Rosen E, Viswanathan A, Callon R. Multiprotocol label switching architecture .IFTF,RFC3031. 2001
40刘琰.基于IPTV技术的城域网改造和IPTV泰安本地的应用.山东大学.硕士论文. 2007:15
41喻文学. IPTV承载网相关技术及问题研究.中国数据通信. 2005(7): 17~19
42 R.Droms. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol . RFC2131.1997
43徐海湄.机顶盒中基于uCLinux的DHCP的安全研究与实现.成都理工大学.硕士论文. 2004:17~39
44 Fenner W. Internet group management protocol. Version2, RFC 2236, XeroxPARC,1997
45许永明,谢质文,欧阳春. IPTV技术与应用实践.电子工业出版社, 2006: 141~143
46 D. Ooms, B. Sales, W. Livens, A. Acharya, F. Griffoul, and F. Ansari. Overview of IP Multicast in a Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) Environment. RFC3353.2002
47叶婷. MPLS中信令协议CR-LDP的设计与实现.华中科技大学.硕士论文.2005:7~17, 5~6
48石晶林,丁伟等编著. MPLS宽带网络互联技术.人民邮电出版社. 2001: 373~376
49 J Lawrence. Designing Multiprotocol Label Switching Networks. IEEE Commun. Mag. 2001,397, 39(7):134~142
50 Awduche D, Jabbari B. Internet traffic engineering using multi-protocol label switching ( MPLS ) .Computer Networks, 2002,401, 40(1):111~129
51 J.C.de Oliveira, C.Scoglio, et al. A New Preemption Policy for DiffServ-Aware Traffic Engineering to Minimize Rerouting . Proceeding of IEEE INFOCOM 2002. 2002:695~704
52娄广国.基于Diffserv over MPLS模型的流量控制研究.西北工业大学.2005:6~16,19~20
53赵慧玲,吴江.对IP QoS问题的研究及一种MPLS Diff-serv解决方案(上).中国数据通讯网络. 2000(10):39~43
54赵慧玲,吴江.对IP QoS问题的研究以及一种MPLS Diff-serv解决方案(下).中国数据通讯网络. 2000(11):36~42
55牛志升,段翔,刘进. MPLS网络中保证服务质量的多径路由选择策略.电子学报. 2001(12):55~58
56孙屹,孟晨. OPNET通信仿真开发手册.国防工业出版社, 2005:1~50
57龙华. OPNET Modeler与计算机网络仿真.西安电子科技大学出版社, 2006:13~48
58张铭,窦贺蕾,常春藤. OPNET Modeler与网络仿真.人民邮电出版社, 2007:46~90
59秦全钢.基于MPLS的IPTV QoS研究.湖南师范大学.硕士论文. 2007: 32~33
2林闯,单志广,任丰原.计算机网络的服务质量(QOS).清华大学出版社, 2004:3~15
3 Brix Networks Inc. Service Quality Matters for IPTV:A Lifecycle Approach. white paper. 2006:25~36
4 AWDUCHE D, MEHRA A,CARLSON M, et al. Requirements forTraffic Engineering Over MPLS. IETF. RFC 2702,1999
5汪卫国.国际IPTV市场的发展状况.当代通信. 2005, (14):19~21
6 X. Xiao, M.Ni. InternetQoS, A Big Picture. IEEE Network 1999, (13):128~189
7 Schiff B, Vasani K. Resilient packet ring for optical Internet edge. Lightwave. 2001,4 (4):184~190
8 R.Braden, D.Clark, S.Shenker. Intergrated Services in the Internet Architecture: An Overview. IETF RFC1633,1994
9 S.Blake, D.Black, M.Carlson, E.Davies, et al. An Architecture for Differentiated Services. IETF RFC2475,1998
10彭晖.新型的骨干网络路由平台MPLS.人民邮电出版社, 2002:23~30
11石晶林,丁伟等编著. MPLS宽带网络互联技术.人民邮电出版社. 2001:183, 97~103,181~183
12孙谦,文爱军,张军.弹性分组环标准化进展与应用现状.信息技术与标准化. 2003,7:45~47
13李骞.弹性分组环技术在MSTP平台中的应用.电子科技大学. 2005:12
14杨建辉.弹性分组环(RPR)和非可靠传输的研究与实现.国防科学技术大学. 2005:12
15季伟,葛振斌,何青,陈春明. IPTV关键技术及应用.机械工业出版社, 2007:18~28,12~15
16 G. Hunt, E. Nahum, and J. Tracey. Enabling content-based load distribution for scalable services. IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, 1997
17 D A Tran, K Hua, T Do. A Peer-to-Peer Architecture for Media Streaming. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Special Issue on Advances in Service Overlay Networks, 2004,22, 22 (1):121~133
18 Dongyan Xu, Sunil Suresh Kulkarni, Catherine Rosenberg, Heung-Keung Chai. Analysis of a CDN–P2P hybrid architecture for cost-effective streaming media distribution. Multimedia Systems. 2006,11, (4):383~399
19 Li Zhao, Jian Guangluo, Meng Zhang, et al. Gridmedia:a Practical Peer-to-peer Based Live Video Streaming System. Proc.of the 7th IEEE Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing. Shanghai,.China. 2005:1~4
20 Chao Zhang, Hai Jin, Dafu Deng, Sirui Yang, Quan Yuan, Zuoning Yin. Anysee: Multicast-based Peer-to-Peer Media Streaming Service System. Communications, 2005 Asia-Pacific Conference. 03-05Oct2005:274~278
21 D. R. Karger, E. Lehman, F. T. Leighton, R. Panigrahy, M. S. Levine, D. Lewin. Consistent hashing and random trees:Distributed caching protocols for relieving hot spots on the world wide web. ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing. 2002:654~663
22 K.L.Johnson, J.F.Carr, M.S.Day, and M.F.Kaashoek. The measured performance of content distribution networks. In Proceedings of The 5th International Web Caching and Content Delivery Workshop, Lisbon, Portugal,2000
23 M.Fetscheri. Present State and Emerging Scenarios of Digital Rights Management Systems. The International Journal on Media Management. 2002,(4)
24 Iannella R. Digital Rights Management (DRM) Architectures. D-Lib Magazine, 2001,67, 6(7):207~216
25 Sikora.T. MPEG digital video-coding standards. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine. 1997,145, 14(5):82~100
26 Li Weiping. Overview of fine granularity scalability in MPEG-4 video standard. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 2001,11, 11 (3):301~317
27陈亮. AVS先进编码技术研究.华中科技大学.硕士论文. 2008:4
28 Mark Holland, GarthA.Gibson, DanielP.Siewiorek. Architectures and algorithms for on-line failure recovery in redundant disk arrays. Distributed and Parallel Databases, 1994,2, (3):295~335
29 Garth A Gibson and Rodney Van Meter. Network attached storage architecture. Communications of the ACM, 2000,43119, 43(119):37~45
30秦艳飞.宽带接入网络中认证技术的研究与应用.北京交通大学.硕士论文. 2007:18~30
31 Edward Altman, Sanjeev Goyal, S.Sahu. A digital media asset ecosystem for the globalfilm industry. Journal of Digital Asset Management. 2006, (1):6~16
32 LI B, LIU J C. Multirate video multicast over the internet: an overview. IEEE Network. 2003,171, 17(1):24~29
33 Rohit Puri, et al. Forword error correction (FEC) codes based multiple description coding for internet video streaming and multicast. Signal Processing: Image Communication. 2001,16, 16:745~762
34 Kramer G, Mukherjee B, Pesavento G. IPACT: a dynamic protocol for an ethernet PON(EPON).IEEE Communication Magazine, 2002,402, 40(2): 74~80
35卢官明,宗昉. IPTV技术及应用.人民邮电出版社, 2007:203~228
36 Kramer G, Mukherjee B, Pesavento G. Ethernet PON(ePON): design and analysis of an optical access network .Photonic Network Communications. 2001,33, 3(3):307~319
37王毅.基于IPTV承载网的应用层组播研究.重庆大学.硕士论文.2008:22~24
38 Han I, Park H-S, Youn K, et al. An integrated home-server for communication, broadcast reception, and home automation. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 2006,52, 52 (1):104~109
39 Rosen E, Viswanathan A, Callon R. Multiprotocol label switching architecture .IFTF,RFC3031. 2001
40刘琰.基于IPTV技术的城域网改造和IPTV泰安本地的应用.山东大学.硕士论文. 2007:15
41喻文学. IPTV承载网相关技术及问题研究.中国数据通信. 2005(7): 17~19
42 R.Droms. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol . RFC2131.1997
43徐海湄.机顶盒中基于uCLinux的DHCP的安全研究与实现.成都理工大学.硕士论文. 2004:17~39
44 Fenner W. Internet group management protocol. Version2, RFC 2236, XeroxPARC,1997
45许永明,谢质文,欧阳春. IPTV技术与应用实践.电子工业出版社, 2006: 141~143
46 D. Ooms, B. Sales, W. Livens, A. Acharya, F. Griffoul, and F. Ansari. Overview of IP Multicast in a Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) Environment. RFC3353.2002
47叶婷. MPLS中信令协议CR-LDP的设计与实现.华中科技大学.硕士论文.2005:7~17, 5~6
48石晶林,丁伟等编著. MPLS宽带网络互联技术.人民邮电出版社. 2001: 373~376
49 J Lawrence. Designing Multiprotocol Label Switching Networks. IEEE Commun. Mag. 2001,397, 39(7):134~142
50 Awduche D, Jabbari B. Internet traffic engineering using multi-protocol label switching ( MPLS ) .Computer Networks, 2002,401, 40(1):111~129
51 J.C.de Oliveira, C.Scoglio, et al. A New Preemption Policy for DiffServ-Aware Traffic Engineering to Minimize Rerouting . Proceeding of IEEE INFOCOM 2002. 2002:695~704
52娄广国.基于Diffserv over MPLS模型的流量控制研究.西北工业大学.2005:6~16,19~20
53赵慧玲,吴江.对IP QoS问题的研究及一种MPLS Diff-serv解决方案(上).中国数据通讯网络. 2000(10):39~43
54赵慧玲,吴江.对IP QoS问题的研究以及一种MPLS Diff-serv解决方案(下).中国数据通讯网络. 2000(11):36~42
55牛志升,段翔,刘进. MPLS网络中保证服务质量的多径路由选择策略.电子学报. 2001(12):55~58
56孙屹,孟晨. OPNET通信仿真开发手册.国防工业出版社, 2005:1~50
57龙华. OPNET Modeler与计算机网络仿真.西安电子科技大学出版社, 2006:13~48
58张铭,窦贺蕾,常春藤. OPNET Modeler与网络仿真.人民邮电出版社, 2007:46~90
59秦全钢.基于MPLS的IPTV QoS研究.湖南师范大学.硕士论文. 2007: 32~33