无线传感器网络与IPv6网络互联方案研究
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摘要
无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Networks,以下简称WSN)是近年来得到迅速发展和普遍重视的新型网络技术,它的出现和发展对现代科学技术产生了极其深远的影响。伴随着WSN的蓬勃发展及IPv6协议的极大潜质,当前WSN与IPv6网络互联方案的研究正在如火如荼的进行当中。
为了实现WSN与IPv6网络两种异构网络的无缝连接,本文在分析现有互联方案的基础上提出了一种改进型互联方案,并对各功能组件进行了详细的设计,同时通过对NS2 802.15.4模拟器SSCS模块的扩展对其进行了NS2仿真实现。
首先,本文对WSN的概况进行了简单的介绍,包括其体系结构、特点、应用场景等等,分析了IEEE 802.15.4标准及其IPv6协议的基本理论及其协议栈特点。
其次,本文分析了当前WSN与IPv6网络的三种互联方案,在对其性能缺陷进行综合分析的基础上提出了一种集灵活性、健壮性、低能耗为一体的改进型互联方案,并对各组件的功能进行了详细的介绍。同时,在满足功能需求的基础上分别对改进型互联方案中两大功能模块(WSN及多用户代理服务器)进行了具体的设计。
然后,在对NS2 802.15.4模拟器SSCS模块扩展的基础上,分别对TCP/IPv6化互联方案及改进型互联方案进行了NS2仿真实现,并从经AWK分析的4个性能指标数据变化图中得到了改进型互联方案可行性的充分证明。
最后,对全文工作作了细致的总结,指出文中所存在的缺陷并提出了进一步工作的研究方向及其工作展望。
WSN与IPv6网络互联的研究尚处于不成熟阶段,相信随着相关研究的不断深入与发展,WSN的应用前景定将提上一个新的台阶。
WSN (short for Wireless Sensor Networks), the new network with rapid development and great significance in recent years, whose emergence has made a profound impaction on modern society. With the vigorous development of WSN and potential advantages of IPv6 protocol, the researches on interconnection scheme for WSN and IPv6 Network are being intensely underway currently.
For seamless connection of the two heterogeneous networks, WSN and IPv6 network, a new improved interconnection scheme is proposed in this paper with the analysis of current schemes, and then the detail designs of each functional component, meanwhile simulation in NS2 through the expansion of SSCS module in NS2802.15.4 simulator.
Firstly, introduction of WSN including the architecture, features, application scenarios, etc, meanwhile the theoretical analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 and IPv6 protocol.
Secondly, analysis of the three interconnection schemes for WSN and IPv6 network currently, with a comprehension of whose shortcomings, a new improved scheme is proposed with simplicity, flexibility, reliability and low power consumption, additionally the detail function introduction of components. Meanwhile, specific design of the two modules in new interconnection model:IPv6-based WSN and multi-user proxy server.
Thirdly, with the expansion of SSCS module in NS2 802.15.4 simulator, NS2 simulations of TCP/IPv6-based and new improved interconnection scheme are done respectively, meanwhile with the four performance data diagrams generated from analysis of AWK scripts, the feasibility of new scheme being proved.
Finally, conclusion of this paper, point out the defects of the design and propose directions of further research.
The researches on interconnection for WSN and IPv6 network are still being immature. However, do believe that with the continuous deepening and development of relevant researches, the application prospects of WSN will surely be raised to a new stage.
为了实现WSN与IPv6网络两种异构网络的无缝连接,本文在分析现有互联方案的基础上提出了一种改进型互联方案,并对各功能组件进行了详细的设计,同时通过对NS2 802.15.4模拟器SSCS模块的扩展对其进行了NS2仿真实现。
首先,本文对WSN的概况进行了简单的介绍,包括其体系结构、特点、应用场景等等,分析了IEEE 802.15.4标准及其IPv6协议的基本理论及其协议栈特点。
其次,本文分析了当前WSN与IPv6网络的三种互联方案,在对其性能缺陷进行综合分析的基础上提出了一种集灵活性、健壮性、低能耗为一体的改进型互联方案,并对各组件的功能进行了详细的介绍。同时,在满足功能需求的基础上分别对改进型互联方案中两大功能模块(WSN及多用户代理服务器)进行了具体的设计。
然后,在对NS2 802.15.4模拟器SSCS模块扩展的基础上,分别对TCP/IPv6化互联方案及改进型互联方案进行了NS2仿真实现,并从经AWK分析的4个性能指标数据变化图中得到了改进型互联方案可行性的充分证明。
最后,对全文工作作了细致的总结,指出文中所存在的缺陷并提出了进一步工作的研究方向及其工作展望。
WSN与IPv6网络互联的研究尚处于不成熟阶段,相信随着相关研究的不断深入与发展,WSN的应用前景定将提上一个新的台阶。
WSN (short for Wireless Sensor Networks), the new network with rapid development and great significance in recent years, whose emergence has made a profound impaction on modern society. With the vigorous development of WSN and potential advantages of IPv6 protocol, the researches on interconnection scheme for WSN and IPv6 Network are being intensely underway currently.
For seamless connection of the two heterogeneous networks, WSN and IPv6 network, a new improved interconnection scheme is proposed in this paper with the analysis of current schemes, and then the detail designs of each functional component, meanwhile simulation in NS2 through the expansion of SSCS module in NS2802.15.4 simulator.
Firstly, introduction of WSN including the architecture, features, application scenarios, etc, meanwhile the theoretical analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 and IPv6 protocol.
Secondly, analysis of the three interconnection schemes for WSN and IPv6 network currently, with a comprehension of whose shortcomings, a new improved scheme is proposed with simplicity, flexibility, reliability and low power consumption, additionally the detail function introduction of components. Meanwhile, specific design of the two modules in new interconnection model:IPv6-based WSN and multi-user proxy server.
Thirdly, with the expansion of SSCS module in NS2 802.15.4 simulator, NS2 simulations of TCP/IPv6-based and new improved interconnection scheme are done respectively, meanwhile with the four performance data diagrams generated from analysis of AWK scripts, the feasibility of new scheme being proved.
Finally, conclusion of this paper, point out the defects of the design and propose directions of further research.
The researches on interconnection for WSN and IPv6 network are still being immature. However, do believe that with the continuous deepening and development of relevant researches, the application prospects of WSN will surely be raised to a new stage.
引文
[1]孙利民,李建中等.无线传感器网络[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005.
[2]IEEE Standard 802.15.1-2005. IEEE Standard for Information technology-Telecommunications and information exchange between systems-Local and metropolitan area networks-Specific requirements Part 15.1:Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs(tm))[J]. IEEE Computer Society,2005.
[3]Akyildiz I F, Su W, Sankarasubramaniam Y, et al. "A survey on sensor networks [J]", IEEE Communications Magazine,2002,40(8):102-114.
[4]任丰源,黄海宁,林闯.无线传感器网络[J].软件学报,2003,14(7)：1282-1291.
[5]Arora A, Dutta P, Bapat S, etc. "A line in the sand:A Wireless Sensor Network for Target Detection, Classification, and Tracking[J]", Computer Networks Journal, Oct 2004.
[6]Alan Mainwarning, David Culler, Joseph Polastre, et al. "Wireless Sensor Networks for habitat monitoring[C]", Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications. Atlanta:ACM press, September 28-29,2002:88-97.
[7]http://firebug.sourceforge.net/.
[8]http://www.givenimaging.com/Cultures/en-us/given/english.
[9]http://www.cqjs.net/products_1.shtml.
[10]IEEE Standard 802.15.4 TM-2003. IEEE Standard for Information technology-Telecommunications and information exchange between systems-Local and metropolitan area networks-Specific requirements Part 15.4:Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs)[J]. IEEE Computer Society, October 2003.
[11]于宏毅,李鸥,张效义.无线传感器网络理论、技术与实现[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2008.
[12]Dunkels A, Voigt T, Alonso J. "Making TCP/IP viable for Wireless Sensor Networks [C]", Proceedings of First European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks (EWSN 2004), Berlin, Germany,2004.
[13]S. Deering, R. Hinden. Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Specification. RFC2460,1998.
[14]李振强,赵晓宇,马严等.IPv6技术解密[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2006.
[15]Joseph Davies.理解IPv6[M].张晓彤,晏国晟,曾庆峰译.北京：清华大学出版社,2004.
[16]Dunkels A. "Full TCP/IP for 8-Bit Architectures[C]", Proceedings of International Conference on Mobile applications, Systems and Services (MOBISYS 2003), San Francisco, May 2003:85-98.
[17]Izuhara Y, Morita K, Tateokay T, et al. "Specification of TinyIPv6 Protocol Stack for Remote Control and Its Implementation on FPGA [J]", IPSJ Journal, 2002,43(11):3540-3548.
[18]IPv6 over Low power WPAN (6LoWPAN). http://ietf.org/html.charters/ 6lowpan-charter.html.
[19]毛妙.6LoWPAN适配层与ND协议的研究与实现[硕士学位论文].上海：华东师范大学,2007.
[20]李海.6LoWPAN适配层研究与实现[硕士学位论文].上海：华东师范大学,2007.
[21]N. Kushalngar, G. Montenegro, C. Schumacher. "6LoWPAN:Overview, Assumptions, Problem Statement and Goals [S]", draft-ietf-61owpan-problem-08. txt,2007.
[22]Joseph Davies. Understanding IPv6[M]. Microsoft Press,2008.
[23]马祖长,孙怡宁,梅涛.无线传感器网络综述[J].通信学报,25卷第4期,2004.4,114-124.
[24]吴德伦,张宏科.基于IEEE 802.15.4无线传感器网络的IPv6协议栈[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2006年第8期,5-7,19.
[25]G. Montenegro, N. Kushalnagar, J. Hui, et al. "Transmission of IPv6 Packets over IEEE 802.15.4 Networks", RFC 4944, draft-ietf-61owpan-format-13.txt, 2007.
[26]J. Postel. User Datagram Protocol [S]. RFC768,1980.
[27]于斌,孙斌,温暖等.NS2与网络模拟[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2007.
[28]http://ees2cy.engr.ccny.cuny.edu/zheng/pub/.
[29]http://nsnam.isi.edu/nsnam/index.php/Main_Page.
[30]C. Perkins, E. Belding-Royer, S. Das. "Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing", IETF RFC 3561, July 2003.
[2]IEEE Standard 802.15.1-2005. IEEE Standard for Information technology-Telecommunications and information exchange between systems-Local and metropolitan area networks-Specific requirements Part 15.1:Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs(tm))[J]. IEEE Computer Society,2005.
[3]Akyildiz I F, Su W, Sankarasubramaniam Y, et al. "A survey on sensor networks [J]", IEEE Communications Magazine,2002,40(8):102-114.
[4]任丰源,黄海宁,林闯.无线传感器网络[J].软件学报,2003,14(7)：1282-1291.
[5]Arora A, Dutta P, Bapat S, etc. "A line in the sand:A Wireless Sensor Network for Target Detection, Classification, and Tracking[J]", Computer Networks Journal, Oct 2004.
[6]Alan Mainwarning, David Culler, Joseph Polastre, et al. "Wireless Sensor Networks for habitat monitoring[C]", Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications. Atlanta:ACM press, September 28-29,2002:88-97.
[7]http://firebug.sourceforge.net/.
[8]http://www.givenimaging.com/Cultures/en-us/given/english.
[9]http://www.cqjs.net/products_1.shtml.
[10]IEEE Standard 802.15.4 TM-2003. IEEE Standard for Information technology-Telecommunications and information exchange between systems-Local and metropolitan area networks-Specific requirements Part 15.4:Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs)[J]. IEEE Computer Society, October 2003.
[11]于宏毅,李鸥,张效义.无线传感器网络理论、技术与实现[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2008.
[12]Dunkels A, Voigt T, Alonso J. "Making TCP/IP viable for Wireless Sensor Networks [C]", Proceedings of First European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks (EWSN 2004), Berlin, Germany,2004.
[13]S. Deering, R. Hinden. Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Specification. RFC2460,1998.
[14]李振强,赵晓宇,马严等.IPv6技术解密[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2006.
[15]Joseph Davies.理解IPv6[M].张晓彤,晏国晟,曾庆峰译.北京：清华大学出版社,2004.
[16]Dunkels A. "Full TCP/IP for 8-Bit Architectures[C]", Proceedings of International Conference on Mobile applications, Systems and Services (MOBISYS 2003), San Francisco, May 2003:85-98.
[17]Izuhara Y, Morita K, Tateokay T, et al. "Specification of TinyIPv6 Protocol Stack for Remote Control and Its Implementation on FPGA [J]", IPSJ Journal, 2002,43(11):3540-3548.
[18]IPv6 over Low power WPAN (6LoWPAN). http://ietf.org/html.charters/ 6lowpan-charter.html.
[19]毛妙.6LoWPAN适配层与ND协议的研究与实现[硕士学位论文].上海：华东师范大学,2007.
[20]李海.6LoWPAN适配层研究与实现[硕士学位论文].上海：华东师范大学,2007.
[21]N. Kushalngar, G. Montenegro, C. Schumacher. "6LoWPAN:Overview, Assumptions, Problem Statement and Goals [S]", draft-ietf-61owpan-problem-08. txt,2007.
[22]Joseph Davies. Understanding IPv6[M]. Microsoft Press,2008.
[23]马祖长,孙怡宁,梅涛.无线传感器网络综述[J].通信学报,25卷第4期,2004.4,114-124.
[24]吴德伦,张宏科.基于IEEE 802.15.4无线传感器网络的IPv6协议栈[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2006年第8期,5-7,19.
[25]G. Montenegro, N. Kushalnagar, J. Hui, et al. "Transmission of IPv6 Packets over IEEE 802.15.4 Networks", RFC 4944, draft-ietf-61owpan-format-13.txt, 2007.
[26]J. Postel. User Datagram Protocol [S]. RFC768,1980.
[27]于斌,孙斌,温暖等.NS2与网络模拟[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2007.
[28]http://ees2cy.engr.ccny.cuny.edu/zheng/pub/.
[29]http://nsnam.isi.edu/nsnam/index.php/Main_Page.
[30]C. Perkins, E. Belding-Royer, S. Das. "Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing", IETF RFC 3561, July 2003.