微笑的蒙娜丽莎
摘要
本文旨在探讨在以女性主义为题材的影片中女性自我意识的觉醒与演变的过程。作者在对作为研究文本的影片《蒙娜丽莎的微笑》的细致解读并结合当代女性主义以及影视批评等相关理论的基础上,提出女性主义借助影视传播等媒介在当代产生了更为广泛而深刻的影响,女性主义发展的道路从来都不是一帆风顺的,它必将经历反复、挫折、甚至暂时的倒退。
全文共分为五部分。
第一部分对影片的历史和环境背景以及影片所涉及的相关理论进行了简明概述。并在这一部分的结尾提出本文的中心论点,即:女性自我意识的觉醒和演进必将历经长期反复的斗争甚至暂时的倒退,借助影视传播的媒介形式使得大众对女性主义有了更为深刻的认识,这在一定程度上推动了女性主义在当代的新发展。
第二部分是对本篇论文所引用的理论:20世纪60年代的西方妇女解放运动、女性主义以及影视文学批评等进行阐述。
第三部分对影片中的女主人公凯瑟琳的双重身份即教师和女性主义拥护者进行阐述。这一部分也是本篇论文讨论的重点。
第四部分论述了本部影片中与凯瑟琳密切相关的其他几位重要人物自身及其与凯瑟琳之间的矛盾冲突以致融合。
第五部分是本篇论文的结论。作者重申了论文的核心命题,并对女性主义未来的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。
总之,本文通过对极具女性主义特色的影片《蒙娜丽莎的微笑》中,几位女主人公自身以及相互间对女性主义的不同理解以及所产生的矛盾冲突的深入讨论,从女性主义的历史发展到未来的发展趋势都做出了自己的判断,以期引起专家及大众对新历史环境下女性主义发展的新趋势进行更为深入的探讨。
This thesis aims to discuss female's awakening of self-conscious and the processof improvement in the film concerning feminism. Through an investigation into thefilm Mona Lisa Smile and theories about feminism and film literature critics, theauthor further proposes that feminism get wider and deeper development with meansof mass media. The road for feminism will not be smooth and bound to beencountered with obstacles and sometimes retrogression.
The thesis comprises five parts:
Part one is the introduction. It briefly reviews the historical background of thisfilm and the theories concerned. And the conclusion will be mentioned at the end ofthis chapter: the female's awakening of self-conscious and self-improvement won'tget through quite smoothly. It must encounter long-term fighting even retrogression.The masses get better idea about feminism and deeper understanding with means ofmass media and transformation, which benefit feminism in reverse.Chapter one provides theoretical basis for the thesis: western women liberationmovement in the 1960s, feminism and film literature critics.
Chapter two serves as the core of the whole paper. It illustrates the doubleidentities of the protagonist—Catherine Watson, being a teacher and a feminist aswell.
Chapter three illustrates the contradiction and reconciliation between Catherineand several main characters.
Part five is the conclusion of the thesis. The author reconfirms the theme of thepaper, and makes the prediction about the trend of feminism.
Through the discussion about different understandings about feminism revealedin this film, the author gave her prediction about the trend of feminism to bring towider and deeper discussion in a new historical background.
全文共分为五部分。
第一部分对影片的历史和环境背景以及影片所涉及的相关理论进行了简明概述。并在这一部分的结尾提出本文的中心论点,即:女性自我意识的觉醒和演进必将历经长期反复的斗争甚至暂时的倒退,借助影视传播的媒介形式使得大众对女性主义有了更为深刻的认识,这在一定程度上推动了女性主义在当代的新发展。
第二部分是对本篇论文所引用的理论:20世纪60年代的西方妇女解放运动、女性主义以及影视文学批评等进行阐述。
第三部分对影片中的女主人公凯瑟琳的双重身份即教师和女性主义拥护者进行阐述。这一部分也是本篇论文讨论的重点。
第四部分论述了本部影片中与凯瑟琳密切相关的其他几位重要人物自身及其与凯瑟琳之间的矛盾冲突以致融合。
第五部分是本篇论文的结论。作者重申了论文的核心命题,并对女性主义未来的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。
总之,本文通过对极具女性主义特色的影片《蒙娜丽莎的微笑》中,几位女主人公自身以及相互间对女性主义的不同理解以及所产生的矛盾冲突的深入讨论,从女性主义的历史发展到未来的发展趋势都做出了自己的判断,以期引起专家及大众对新历史环境下女性主义发展的新趋势进行更为深入的探讨。
This thesis aims to discuss female's awakening of self-conscious and the processof improvement in the film concerning feminism. Through an investigation into thefilm Mona Lisa Smile and theories about feminism and film literature critics, theauthor further proposes that feminism get wider and deeper development with meansof mass media. The road for feminism will not be smooth and bound to beencountered with obstacles and sometimes retrogression.
The thesis comprises five parts:
Part one is the introduction. It briefly reviews the historical background of thisfilm and the theories concerned. And the conclusion will be mentioned at the end ofthis chapter: the female's awakening of self-conscious and self-improvement won'tget through quite smoothly. It must encounter long-term fighting even retrogression.The masses get better idea about feminism and deeper understanding with means ofmass media and transformation, which benefit feminism in reverse.Chapter one provides theoretical basis for the thesis: western women liberationmovement in the 1960s, feminism and film literature critics.
Chapter two serves as the core of the whole paper. It illustrates the doubleidentities of the protagonist—Catherine Watson, being a teacher and a feminist aswell.
Chapter three illustrates the contradiction and reconciliation between Catherineand several main characters.
Part five is the conclusion of the thesis. The author reconfirms the theme of thepaper, and makes the prediction about the trend of feminism.
Through the discussion about different understandings about feminism revealedin this film, the author gave her prediction about the trend of feminism to bring towider and deeper discussion in a new historical background.
引文
1. Wailer, K. “Women Teaching for Change, Gender, Class, and Power”. New York. 1988
2. Freidan, Betty. The Feminine Mystique
3. Purvis, J. “Domestic subjects since 1870”. Social Histories of the Secondary Curriculum, (pp.145-76). Lewes Flamer Press. 1985
4. Luce, Irigaray. This Sex Which Is Not One. Catherin Porter and Carolyn Burke translate, Ithaca Cornell UNi Press. 1985
5. Aptheker, “Tapestries of Life: Women's Work, Women's Consciousness”. 1989
6. W. L. O'Neill. Feminism in America. 1989
7. Purvis, J. A History of women's Education in England. 1991
8. Milton Keynes. Philadelphia. Open University Press
9. Roger, S. Teaching Against the Grain. “Texts for a Pedagogy of Possibility”. Toronto: OISE Press. 1992
10. Rosen, J. Defiant negotiations with Celluloid Colleagues: Broaching “Pre-service Teacher's aspirations for and apprehensions of teaching through a dialogue with teacher images in film. Unpublished thesis dissertation”. University of Western Ontario. London. Canada. 2004
11. French, J. The Education of Girls: A Handbook for Parents. 1990
12. Wesinstein, P. “The practice and ideals of education as portrayed in American films. Unpublished thesis dissertation”. Ohio University, Ohio. 1998
13. Lewis, M. “Without a Word. Teaching beyond women's silence. London and New York. Routledge”. 1993
14. N. F. Cott. Grounding of Modern Feminism. 1989
15. Kelly, U. Schooling Desire: Literacy, cultural and pedagogy. 1997
16. Smith, M. The Everyday World as Problematic 1989
17. Bartky, Roger. Femininity and Domination 1990
18. Jacobs . Body/Politics: Women and the Discourses of Science 1990
19. Ganew, J. A Reader in Feminist Knowledge 1991
20. Cunningham, Mogan. The Return of the Goddess: A Divine Comedy 1992
21. Anderson Joyous. Greetings: The First International Women's Movement, 1830–1860. 2000
22. R, Rosen. The World Split Open: How the Modern Women's Movement Changed America.2000
23. Alice, Schlegel. “Gender Meanings: General and Specific”. University of Pennsylvania Press. Philadelphia. 1990
24. Cook. “Masculinity in Crisis”. 1982
25. Mary, Ann. The Desire to Desire. The Woman's Film of the 1940s.” Indiana University Press. 1987
26. Gorgeous. Popular Culture's Romance. London. 1994
27. Hansen. Spectatorship in American Silent Film. Harvard University Press. 1991
28. Kuhn. Women's Pictures. Feminism and Cinema. London. 1994
29. 朱春飞. 试论文学中的女性话语[J]. 中美英语教学, 2005, 8
30. 魏天真. 后现代语境中的女性主义: 问题与矛盾[D].《外国文学》, 2005, 5
31. 德拉.吉尔伯特, 苏珊.格巴. 镜与妖: 对女权主义批评的反思[D]. 中国社会科学院出版社, 1993
32. 陈育新. 理解的寓言[J]. 当代电影,1994.
33. 爱斯玛利.帕特南.童. 女性主义思潮论[J]. 艾晓明等译, 大众文化,华中师范大学出 社,2000
34. 李银河. 女性权力的崛起[J]. 女性研究, 文化艺术出版社,2003
35. 康奈尔. 男性气质 [M]. 社会科学文献出版社,2003
36. 耿文秀. 女性心理与成才[D]. 上海教育出版社,2003
37. 海德. 妇女心理学[J]. 广东高等教育出版社,1987
38. 雷泽蒂. 性别与健康[J]. 妇女与发展,1993
39. 王政. 女性的崛起---当代美国的女权运动[M]. 当代中国出版社, 1995
40. 艾伦.法兰克福. 阴道[J]. (纽约)班腾公司, 1973
41. 安德里亚.德沃金. 杀女---谈缠足, 主流与边缘[J]. 北京三联出版社,1999
42. 西蒙.德.波夫娃. 第二性[M]. 桑竹影,南珊译, 湖南文艺出版社, 1986
43. 爱丽斯.史瓦兹. 拒绝做第二性的女人---西蒙.德.波夫娃访谈录[D]. 顾雁翎等译, 中国友谊出版公司, 1989
44. 谭琳,陈卫民. 女性与家庭[J]. 天津人民出版社, 2001
45. 陈一筠. 现代婚姻与科学[J]. 社会科学文献出版社, 1998
46. 郑和珍. 女性与家庭[M]. 上海教育出版社, 2003
2. Freidan, Betty. The Feminine Mystique
3. Purvis, J. “Domestic subjects since 1870”. Social Histories of the Secondary Curriculum, (pp.145-76). Lewes Flamer Press. 1985
4. Luce, Irigaray. This Sex Which Is Not One. Catherin Porter and Carolyn Burke translate, Ithaca Cornell UNi Press. 1985
5. Aptheker, “Tapestries of Life: Women's Work, Women's Consciousness”. 1989
6. W. L. O'Neill. Feminism in America. 1989
7. Purvis, J. A History of women's Education in England. 1991
8. Milton Keynes. Philadelphia. Open University Press
9. Roger, S. Teaching Against the Grain. “Texts for a Pedagogy of Possibility”. Toronto: OISE Press. 1992
10. Rosen, J. Defiant negotiations with Celluloid Colleagues: Broaching “Pre-service Teacher's aspirations for and apprehensions of teaching through a dialogue with teacher images in film. Unpublished thesis dissertation”. University of Western Ontario. London. Canada. 2004
11. French, J. The Education of Girls: A Handbook for Parents. 1990
12. Wesinstein, P. “The practice and ideals of education as portrayed in American films. Unpublished thesis dissertation”. Ohio University, Ohio. 1998
13. Lewis, M. “Without a Word. Teaching beyond women's silence. London and New York. Routledge”. 1993
14. N. F. Cott. Grounding of Modern Feminism. 1989
15. Kelly, U. Schooling Desire: Literacy, cultural and pedagogy. 1997
16. Smith, M. The Everyday World as Problematic 1989
17. Bartky, Roger. Femininity and Domination 1990
18. Jacobs . Body/Politics: Women and the Discourses of Science 1990
19. Ganew, J. A Reader in Feminist Knowledge 1991
20. Cunningham, Mogan. The Return of the Goddess: A Divine Comedy 1992
21. Anderson Joyous. Greetings: The First International Women's Movement, 1830–1860. 2000
22. R, Rosen. The World Split Open: How the Modern Women's Movement Changed America.2000
23. Alice, Schlegel. “Gender Meanings: General and Specific”. University of Pennsylvania Press. Philadelphia. 1990
24. Cook. “Masculinity in Crisis”. 1982
25. Mary, Ann. The Desire to Desire. The Woman's Film of the 1940s.” Indiana University Press. 1987
26. Gorgeous. Popular Culture's Romance. London. 1994
27. Hansen. Spectatorship in American Silent Film. Harvard University Press. 1991
28. Kuhn. Women's Pictures. Feminism and Cinema. London. 1994
29. 朱春飞. 试论文学中的女性话语[J]. 中美英语教学, 2005, 8
30. 魏天真. 后现代语境中的女性主义: 问题与矛盾[D].《外国文学》, 2005, 5
31. 德拉.吉尔伯特, 苏珊.格巴. 镜与妖: 对女权主义批评的反思[D]. 中国社会科学院出版社, 1993
32. 陈育新. 理解的寓言[J]. 当代电影,1994.
33. 爱斯玛利.帕特南.童. 女性主义思潮论[J]. 艾晓明等译, 大众文化,华中师范大学出 社,2000
34. 李银河. 女性权力的崛起[J]. 女性研究, 文化艺术出版社,2003
35. 康奈尔. 男性气质 [M]. 社会科学文献出版社,2003
36. 耿文秀. 女性心理与成才[D]. 上海教育出版社,2003
37. 海德. 妇女心理学[J]. 广东高等教育出版社,1987
38. 雷泽蒂. 性别与健康[J]. 妇女与发展,1993
39. 王政. 女性的崛起---当代美国的女权运动[M]. 当代中国出版社, 1995
40. 艾伦.法兰克福. 阴道[J]. (纽约)班腾公司, 1973
41. 安德里亚.德沃金. 杀女---谈缠足, 主流与边缘[J]. 北京三联出版社,1999
42. 西蒙.德.波夫娃. 第二性[M]. 桑竹影,南珊译, 湖南文艺出版社, 1986
43. 爱丽斯.史瓦兹. 拒绝做第二性的女人---西蒙.德.波夫娃访谈录[D]. 顾雁翎等译, 中国友谊出版公司, 1989
44. 谭琳,陈卫民. 女性与家庭[J]. 天津人民出版社, 2001
45. 陈一筠. 现代婚姻与科学[J]. 社会科学文献出版社, 1998
46. 郑和珍. 女性与家庭[M]. 上海教育出版社, 2003