福建省经评审的最低价中标法及其保证机制研究
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摘要
最低价中标法是国际上通用的建筑工程招标方法,也是我国招标方法的未来发展方向。福建省经评审的最低价中标法在全国率先实行以来,经过了近6年的实践,具有较强的代表性。本文主要对以下几点进行论述:
1、介绍国外及我国香港特别行政区的最低价中标法,分别基于博弈论和经济学原理对最低价中标法从理论上进行了分析。随后阐述了最低价中标法的计价基础及法律依据,并介绍福建省最低价中标法的运用情况。
2、总结福建省运用经评审的最低价中标法所取得的成效,以及目前在实践中还存在的具体问题,并对存在问题的原因进行深层次剖析。
3、工程担保制度是最低价中标法的主要保障机制之一。本论文从承包商履约担保对招投标过程的保障,不实行工程担保时业主和承包商的履约情况,实行工程担保时业主和承包商的履约情况,以及工程质量维修担保对工程实施过程的影响四个方面分别进行博弈分析,说明工程担保制度的重要性。在此基础上探讨了工程担保制度能够顺利实施的条件。从厦门市实施工程担保制度的情况,总结了目前工程担保制度存在的问题,提出进一步培育工程担保机构及专业人员、加强工程担保机构的监督、健全担保种类、规范担保操作等完善工程担保制度的若干建议,最后分析了当前实行高额担保的可行性。
4、诚信及监管机制是最低价中标法的另一重要保障机制。本论文研究了承包商的诚信博弈模型和招标代理机构的声誉模型,以及行政处罚条件下的诚信问题。根据福建省最新出台的有关建筑业企业、招标代理机构及造价咨询机构的信用等级评定办法,对各评价指标进行比较分析,并提出一些改进建议。通过监管对最低价中标法的影响分析,对招标准备工作及资格审查,评标专家监管,评标细则改进,以及标后监管等方面提出完善建议。
5、通过工程实例对目前经评审的最低价中标法的实际操作进行评析,并提出一些标后的建议。
"Lowest Price Bidding Method" is the international common practice in construction project bidding as well as the development direction of bidding ways in our country. Since the "Lowest Price Bidding Method" carried out in Fujian Province as a lead in China, it has been in practice for 6 years and is therefore better representative in China. The following points will be discussed in this article:
1. The system of "Lowest Price Bidding Method" in abroad as well as in Hong Kong is introduced. And then, the "Lowest Price Bidding Method" is analyzed with "Game Theory" and the principle of economics. The valuation and legal basis is presented and the application of "Lowest Price Bidding Method" in Fujian is introduced.
2. The research lists the achievements and effects of the implement of "Lowest Price Bidding Method" in Fujian Province and summarizes the practical problems that have still not been solved currently. The in-depth discussion of these problems is also provided in this research.
3. The construction bond system serves as one of the main guarantee mechanisms of the "Lowest Price Bidding Method". Game theory is applied in this article to analyze the following four cases including the protection of bidding by the contractor performance bond, the agreement implementation of the owner and contractor in the absence of the construction performance bond, the agreement implementation of the owner and contractor in the presence of the construction performance bond, and the effect of construction quality maintenance bond on the construction implementation. Thus the importance of the construction bond system is emphasized and the conditions carrying out the construction bond system are detailed. Based on the practice of the construction bond system in Xiamen, the existing problems of the construction bond system are summarized. The article then proposes suggestions of establishing construction bond institution and training professionals, strengthening the supervision on construction bond institution, completing bond types, normalizing bond performance, so as to improve the construction bond system. Also analyzed is the feasibility of high amount bond under current situation.
4. Credit and supervision mechanism functions as another important guarantee mechanism of the "Lowest Price Bidding Method". This article studies the credit gaming model of contractor, the honor model of the procuratorial agencies and the credit problem the circumstance of administrative penalty. According to the credit ranking approaches newly issued by Fujian Province which are dealt with construction enterprises, procuratorial agencies and construction cost advisory bodies, these evaluation indexes are compared and analyzed and the relevant recommendations for improvement are proposed. Through analyzing the effect of supervision on the "Lowest Price Bidding Method", suggestions are put forward in terms of tender preparation and qualification examination, supervision of bidding assessment specialists, improvements of evaluation rules and supervision after tender, etc.
5. On the basis of construction case study, the practice of the "Lowest Price Bidding Method by Judgment" is appraised, and the suggestions pertaining to post-tender operation are presented.
1、介绍国外及我国香港特别行政区的最低价中标法,分别基于博弈论和经济学原理对最低价中标法从理论上进行了分析。随后阐述了最低价中标法的计价基础及法律依据,并介绍福建省最低价中标法的运用情况。
2、总结福建省运用经评审的最低价中标法所取得的成效,以及目前在实践中还存在的具体问题,并对存在问题的原因进行深层次剖析。
3、工程担保制度是最低价中标法的主要保障机制之一。本论文从承包商履约担保对招投标过程的保障,不实行工程担保时业主和承包商的履约情况,实行工程担保时业主和承包商的履约情况,以及工程质量维修担保对工程实施过程的影响四个方面分别进行博弈分析,说明工程担保制度的重要性。在此基础上探讨了工程担保制度能够顺利实施的条件。从厦门市实施工程担保制度的情况,总结了目前工程担保制度存在的问题,提出进一步培育工程担保机构及专业人员、加强工程担保机构的监督、健全担保种类、规范担保操作等完善工程担保制度的若干建议,最后分析了当前实行高额担保的可行性。
4、诚信及监管机制是最低价中标法的另一重要保障机制。本论文研究了承包商的诚信博弈模型和招标代理机构的声誉模型,以及行政处罚条件下的诚信问题。根据福建省最新出台的有关建筑业企业、招标代理机构及造价咨询机构的信用等级评定办法,对各评价指标进行比较分析,并提出一些改进建议。通过监管对最低价中标法的影响分析,对招标准备工作及资格审查,评标专家监管,评标细则改进,以及标后监管等方面提出完善建议。
5、通过工程实例对目前经评审的最低价中标法的实际操作进行评析,并提出一些标后的建议。
"Lowest Price Bidding Method" is the international common practice in construction project bidding as well as the development direction of bidding ways in our country. Since the "Lowest Price Bidding Method" carried out in Fujian Province as a lead in China, it has been in practice for 6 years and is therefore better representative in China. The following points will be discussed in this article:
1. The system of "Lowest Price Bidding Method" in abroad as well as in Hong Kong is introduced. And then, the "Lowest Price Bidding Method" is analyzed with "Game Theory" and the principle of economics. The valuation and legal basis is presented and the application of "Lowest Price Bidding Method" in Fujian is introduced.
2. The research lists the achievements and effects of the implement of "Lowest Price Bidding Method" in Fujian Province and summarizes the practical problems that have still not been solved currently. The in-depth discussion of these problems is also provided in this research.
3. The construction bond system serves as one of the main guarantee mechanisms of the "Lowest Price Bidding Method". Game theory is applied in this article to analyze the following four cases including the protection of bidding by the contractor performance bond, the agreement implementation of the owner and contractor in the absence of the construction performance bond, the agreement implementation of the owner and contractor in the presence of the construction performance bond, and the effect of construction quality maintenance bond on the construction implementation. Thus the importance of the construction bond system is emphasized and the conditions carrying out the construction bond system are detailed. Based on the practice of the construction bond system in Xiamen, the existing problems of the construction bond system are summarized. The article then proposes suggestions of establishing construction bond institution and training professionals, strengthening the supervision on construction bond institution, completing bond types, normalizing bond performance, so as to improve the construction bond system. Also analyzed is the feasibility of high amount bond under current situation.
4. Credit and supervision mechanism functions as another important guarantee mechanism of the "Lowest Price Bidding Method". This article studies the credit gaming model of contractor, the honor model of the procuratorial agencies and the credit problem the circumstance of administrative penalty. According to the credit ranking approaches newly issued by Fujian Province which are dealt with construction enterprises, procuratorial agencies and construction cost advisory bodies, these evaluation indexes are compared and analyzed and the relevant recommendations for improvement are proposed. Through analyzing the effect of supervision on the "Lowest Price Bidding Method", suggestions are put forward in terms of tender preparation and qualification examination, supervision of bidding assessment specialists, improvements of evaluation rules and supervision after tender, etc.
5. On the basis of construction case study, the practice of the "Lowest Price Bidding Method by Judgment" is appraised, and the suggestions pertaining to post-tender operation are presented.
引文
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[19]李辉.浅谈工程量清单招标与最低价中标法[J].中州煤碳,2004,8(4):14-15
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