党校规划与建筑设计研究
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摘要
党校是党委直接领导下培养党员干部和理论干部的重要部门,它集培训轮训、理论研究、政策咨询三者为一体。随着公务员理念的加入,又不同程度的融入了行政学院和社会主义学院的功能。有些地方也叫干部学院。
根据《中共中央关于面向二十一世纪加强和改进党校工作的决定》,现职省部、地厅、县处级领导干部特别是党政主要领导干部,每5年必须到党校轮训一次;县级以上(含县级)中青年党政后备干部,在被提升或提名选举到上一级领导岗位之前,必须经过相应的党校培训。但是,由于认识上、制度上的种种原因以及党校办学条件和客观条件的限制,致使上述范围相当一部分干部没能够按规定进党校学习。因此中央规定各级党委必须加大领导干部培训轮训力度,适度扩大党校办学规模,并作出相应规划。
纵观目前党校发展状况,相当一部分党校虽然建校时间长,但校园整体规划差,建筑风格不一,建筑布局凌乱,设施设备陈旧,在教育培训场所、住宿条件、就餐条件等方面与现代培训教育的需要和中央规定的发展要求仍存较大差距。同时,教学理念的发展为党校建筑引进了新功能,原有党校建筑在空间形态和功能设置上也逐渐跟不上时代步伐。因此,目前部分党校已经现行开始了新校区的建设,逐步完善党校的教学设施和环境,对党校进行扩建和迁建必然成为未来发展的趋势。
从校园规划和建筑设计的角度说,党校的建设不同于普通高校,它是培养领导干部的学校,其设计具有自身特性。因此对党校设计的特殊性进行系统的总结和研究是十分必要的。
本文对党校建筑与规划设计的研究,以党校干部教育理念的发展和办学规模的扩大为背景,将干部教育学、社会学、城市设计理念与建筑学相结合。通过对党校建筑的概念和历史演变过程的概括,对教育理念和教学方式的特殊性的总结,对国内党校、国外行政学院案例对比分析,从规划设计选址、规模确定、序列与空间结构、城市共享功能、景观设计的特殊性,建筑设计功能设置、平面布局、风格造型设计的特殊性等方面对党校的设计规律做一个系统的总结。并将这些特殊性理论与实践相结合,在实际工程中加以验证和运用。最后对当前新党校建设中出现的问题进行分析,提出党校校园规划与建筑设计的理想模式。
本论文共五章,在结构上分为三个部分,各部分之间是层层递进的关系。
第一部分包括第一章和第二章。第一章主要是对党校的概念进行解析,总结本课题研究的意义,背景和研究方法,确定研究的起点和方向。第二章主要是介绍党校教学对象的特殊性、国内党校建筑与教育理念的现状与发展趋势、介绍国外公务员教育的先进理念、介绍党校的教学方式与课程设计特点。这一部分主要是介绍相关概念和背景,对下文的展开做铺垫。
第二部分包括第三章和第四章,是本论文的主体部分之一。第三章主要是从选址、各级党校的规模确定、党校的功能分区、交通系统规划、空间形态和序列的营造方面,结合实地调研的案例,总结党校规划设计方面的特点。第四章主要是探讨党校内各个类型建筑内部空间设计的特点。
第三部分是本文的结论部分。第五章,主要是总结出一套理想的党校设计模式,展望党校未来设计的的发展趋势,为以后的研究提出可参考的思路。
The party School is under the direct leadership of party committees and theoretical training cadres, party members and cadres of the important sectors, which combines training rotation, theoretical research, policy advice, the three into one.With the idea to join the civil service, but also different degrees of integration into the administrative functions of colleges and Socialism.Some places also called Cadres Institute.
According to "the CPC Central Committee for the twenty-first century, the work of strengthening and improving the Party's decision", currently a provincial department, and department, county level party and government leading cadres in particular, the major leading cadres, must go to every 5 years training at a Party; Countylevel and above (including county) young cadres of party and government reserve, in a promotion or a nomination and election to leadership positions on the prior training must be relevant Party.However, understanding and institutional reasons, and Party School and objective conditions, led to a considerable number of cadres in the area not required to enter Party School.Therefore, the central provisions of the leading cadres at all levels of party committees must increase the intensity of training in turn, expand the Party School modest scale, and to plan accordingly.
Looking around, numbers of the Party school were builted for a long time, which has a poor overall planning of the campus, different architectural styles, building layout messy, outdated facilities and equipment, education and training in place, accommodation, dining and modern training conditions, and educational needs and development requirements of the central provisions of the still large gap.Meanwhile, the development of teaching ideas for the School of Jianzhuyinjin new features, the original School building in space form and function of setting the pace gradually catch up with the times.Therefore, part of the Party Schools have started new campus of the existing building, have gradually improved the School's teaching facilities and the environment, expansion and relocation of the Party .
Campus planning and architectural design from the point of view, different from the college party school building, which is the training of leading cadres of the school, its design has its own characteristics.Therefore, the special design of the School of systematic summary and study is necessary.
In this paper, School of Architecture and Planning of the study to Party cadres and the development of educational philosophy and educational background of the expansion of the scale, the cadres in education, sociology, urban design and architecture combination.School building on the historical evolution of concepts and generalizations, ideas and teaching methods in education summary of the special nature of domestic Party, Foreign Comparative Analysis of Case Institute of Public Administration, from site planning and design, the sizes, the sequence and structure,City sharing, the particularity of landscape design, architectural design feature set, layout, style, shape design aspects such as the special design of the law to be a party school system summary.And the special theory and practice, to be verified in practical engineering and application.Finally, the current construction of the new School of problems were analyzed by the School of Campus Planning and Architectural Design of the ideal model.
A total of five chapters of this thesis, the structure is divided into three parts, each part of the progressive relationship between the layers.
The first part consists of Chapters I and II.The first chapter is the concept of analytic Party, summed up the significance of the research, background and research methods, to determine the starting point and direction of research.The second chapter is to introduce the teaching of the particularity of School, School of Architecture and educational ideals of domestic status quo and development trend, introducing foreign advanced civil education, philosophy, describes the teaching methods and courses School of Design Features.This section mainly introduces the concepts and background, to start laying the groundwork below.
The second part consists of chapters III and IV, is one of the main part of this thesis.The third chapter is from the site, at all levels of Party School of the sizes, the Party's function zoning, transportation system planning, spatial patterns and sequences to create a connection, combined with field research case, Party Planning, summarized the design features.Chapter IV is to discuss the Party's various types of building interior design features.
The third part is the fifth chapter, combined with the special theory of party schools currently participating in the School of Engineering Practice project to make a summary and analysis.
The fourth part is the conclusion of this article.Chapter VI, mainly summed up the ideal of a School of Design Patterns, Prospects Party's future design trends for future research may refer to the ideas put forward.
根据《中共中央关于面向二十一世纪加强和改进党校工作的决定》,现职省部、地厅、县处级领导干部特别是党政主要领导干部,每5年必须到党校轮训一次;县级以上(含县级)中青年党政后备干部,在被提升或提名选举到上一级领导岗位之前,必须经过相应的党校培训。但是,由于认识上、制度上的种种原因以及党校办学条件和客观条件的限制,致使上述范围相当一部分干部没能够按规定进党校学习。因此中央规定各级党委必须加大领导干部培训轮训力度,适度扩大党校办学规模,并作出相应规划。
纵观目前党校发展状况,相当一部分党校虽然建校时间长,但校园整体规划差,建筑风格不一,建筑布局凌乱,设施设备陈旧,在教育培训场所、住宿条件、就餐条件等方面与现代培训教育的需要和中央规定的发展要求仍存较大差距。同时,教学理念的发展为党校建筑引进了新功能,原有党校建筑在空间形态和功能设置上也逐渐跟不上时代步伐。因此,目前部分党校已经现行开始了新校区的建设,逐步完善党校的教学设施和环境,对党校进行扩建和迁建必然成为未来发展的趋势。
从校园规划和建筑设计的角度说,党校的建设不同于普通高校,它是培养领导干部的学校,其设计具有自身特性。因此对党校设计的特殊性进行系统的总结和研究是十分必要的。
本文对党校建筑与规划设计的研究,以党校干部教育理念的发展和办学规模的扩大为背景,将干部教育学、社会学、城市设计理念与建筑学相结合。通过对党校建筑的概念和历史演变过程的概括,对教育理念和教学方式的特殊性的总结,对国内党校、国外行政学院案例对比分析,从规划设计选址、规模确定、序列与空间结构、城市共享功能、景观设计的特殊性,建筑设计功能设置、平面布局、风格造型设计的特殊性等方面对党校的设计规律做一个系统的总结。并将这些特殊性理论与实践相结合,在实际工程中加以验证和运用。最后对当前新党校建设中出现的问题进行分析,提出党校校园规划与建筑设计的理想模式。
本论文共五章,在结构上分为三个部分,各部分之间是层层递进的关系。
第一部分包括第一章和第二章。第一章主要是对党校的概念进行解析,总结本课题研究的意义,背景和研究方法,确定研究的起点和方向。第二章主要是介绍党校教学对象的特殊性、国内党校建筑与教育理念的现状与发展趋势、介绍国外公务员教育的先进理念、介绍党校的教学方式与课程设计特点。这一部分主要是介绍相关概念和背景,对下文的展开做铺垫。
第二部分包括第三章和第四章,是本论文的主体部分之一。第三章主要是从选址、各级党校的规模确定、党校的功能分区、交通系统规划、空间形态和序列的营造方面,结合实地调研的案例,总结党校规划设计方面的特点。第四章主要是探讨党校内各个类型建筑内部空间设计的特点。
第三部分是本文的结论部分。第五章,主要是总结出一套理想的党校设计模式,展望党校未来设计的的发展趋势,为以后的研究提出可参考的思路。
The party School is under the direct leadership of party committees and theoretical training cadres, party members and cadres of the important sectors, which combines training rotation, theoretical research, policy advice, the three into one.With the idea to join the civil service, but also different degrees of integration into the administrative functions of colleges and Socialism.Some places also called Cadres Institute.
According to "the CPC Central Committee for the twenty-first century, the work of strengthening and improving the Party's decision", currently a provincial department, and department, county level party and government leading cadres in particular, the major leading cadres, must go to every 5 years training at a Party; Countylevel and above (including county) young cadres of party and government reserve, in a promotion or a nomination and election to leadership positions on the prior training must be relevant Party.However, understanding and institutional reasons, and Party School and objective conditions, led to a considerable number of cadres in the area not required to enter Party School.Therefore, the central provisions of the leading cadres at all levels of party committees must increase the intensity of training in turn, expand the Party School modest scale, and to plan accordingly.
Looking around, numbers of the Party school were builted for a long time, which has a poor overall planning of the campus, different architectural styles, building layout messy, outdated facilities and equipment, education and training in place, accommodation, dining and modern training conditions, and educational needs and development requirements of the central provisions of the still large gap.Meanwhile, the development of teaching ideas for the School of Jianzhuyinjin new features, the original School building in space form and function of setting the pace gradually catch up with the times.Therefore, part of the Party Schools have started new campus of the existing building, have gradually improved the School's teaching facilities and the environment, expansion and relocation of the Party .
Campus planning and architectural design from the point of view, different from the college party school building, which is the training of leading cadres of the school, its design has its own characteristics.Therefore, the special design of the School of systematic summary and study is necessary.
In this paper, School of Architecture and Planning of the study to Party cadres and the development of educational philosophy and educational background of the expansion of the scale, the cadres in education, sociology, urban design and architecture combination.School building on the historical evolution of concepts and generalizations, ideas and teaching methods in education summary of the special nature of domestic Party, Foreign Comparative Analysis of Case Institute of Public Administration, from site planning and design, the sizes, the sequence and structure,City sharing, the particularity of landscape design, architectural design feature set, layout, style, shape design aspects such as the special design of the law to be a party school system summary.And the special theory and practice, to be verified in practical engineering and application.Finally, the current construction of the new School of problems were analyzed by the School of Campus Planning and Architectural Design of the ideal model.
A total of five chapters of this thesis, the structure is divided into three parts, each part of the progressive relationship between the layers.
The first part consists of Chapters I and II.The first chapter is the concept of analytic Party, summed up the significance of the research, background and research methods, to determine the starting point and direction of research.The second chapter is to introduce the teaching of the particularity of School, School of Architecture and educational ideals of domestic status quo and development trend, introducing foreign advanced civil education, philosophy, describes the teaching methods and courses School of Design Features.This section mainly introduces the concepts and background, to start laying the groundwork below.
The second part consists of chapters III and IV, is one of the main part of this thesis.The third chapter is from the site, at all levels of Party School of the sizes, the Party's function zoning, transportation system planning, spatial patterns and sequences to create a connection, combined with field research case, Party Planning, summarized the design features.Chapter IV is to discuss the Party's various types of building interior design features.
The third part is the fifth chapter, combined with the special theory of party schools currently participating in the School of Engineering Practice project to make a summary and analysis.
The fourth part is the conclusion of this article.Chapter VI, mainly summed up the ideal of a School of Design Patterns, Prospects Party's future design trends for future research may refer to the ideas put forward.
引文
1李冲锋,《领导教育学的学科自立》,华南师范大学2007年博士论文
2参见罗忠恒,《构建行政学院(校)与党校谐和关系的探讨》,江西行政学院学报,1999/04
3参见:王仲清,《党校教育历史沿革》,中共中央党校学报,1999/03
4参见:黄爱国,《中共中央最早的地方党校》,中共党史研究,2000/05
5参见:李仰辉、方近平,《最早的省级党校》,求实,1995/03
6参见:王仲清,《党校历史概述》,P54-56
7参见:王仲清,《党校教育的历史沿革》,中共中央党校学报,1997/03
8参见:王红霞,《中国共产党干部教育转型研究》,华东师范大学博士论文,2007年
12整理自青岛市委党校网站:http://www.qddx.gov.cn/
13整理自青岛市委党校网站数据:http://www.qddx.gov.cn/
14整理自青岛市委党校网站数据:http://www.qddx.gov.cn/
15整理自青岛市委党校网站数据:http://www.qddx.gov.cn/
16参见:马静,《案例教学法在党校教学中的应用研究》,曲阜师范大学硕士学位论文,2009/01
18整理自东莞市委党校网站所列数据:http://dx.dg.gov.cn
24齐赞、《高等院校教学楼设计的几点研究》同济大学建筑设计及其理论专业硕士论文,2008
25数据来源:王浩,《浙江省委党校700座礼堂扩声系统》,艺术科技,2009/02
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2参见罗忠恒,《构建行政学院(校)与党校谐和关系的探讨》,江西行政学院学报,1999/04
3参见:王仲清,《党校教育历史沿革》,中共中央党校学报,1999/03
4参见:黄爱国,《中共中央最早的地方党校》,中共党史研究,2000/05
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6参见:王仲清,《党校历史概述》,P54-56
7参见:王仲清,《党校教育的历史沿革》,中共中央党校学报,1997/03
8参见:王红霞,《中国共产党干部教育转型研究》,华东师范大学博士论文,2007年
12整理自青岛市委党校网站:http://www.qddx.gov.cn/
13整理自青岛市委党校网站数据:http://www.qddx.gov.cn/
14整理自青岛市委党校网站数据:http://www.qddx.gov.cn/
15整理自青岛市委党校网站数据:http://www.qddx.gov.cn/
16参见:马静,《案例教学法在党校教学中的应用研究》,曲阜师范大学硕士学位论文,2009/01
18整理自东莞市委党校网站所列数据:http://dx.dg.gov.cn
24齐赞、《高等院校教学楼设计的几点研究》同济大学建筑设计及其理论专业硕士论文,2008
25数据来源:王浩,《浙江省委党校700座礼堂扩声系统》,艺术科技,2009/02
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[13]黄添彪,《阶梯型教室场地多功能化研究与设计》,中国现代教育装备,2010/01
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[15]黄甫全,《当代教学环境的实质与类型新探》,西北师大学报社会科学版,2002/05
[16]章洁,《案例教学法探讨》,教育教学研究,2009年第35期
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