湿冷机组自然通风冷却塔加装导流板的数值模拟
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摘要
本文使用FLUENT数值模拟软件,对1000MW机组的自然通风湿式冷却塔进行了数值模拟研究。通过模拟计算,环境冷空气进入雨区,在向内部流动的过程中,由于空气湿度,速度等与淋水密度不匹配,导致塔内中心区域换热效果不好,冷却效果低。在此基础上,提出了多种加装导流板的措施,增加塔内中心区域的空气上升速度和扰动,加强传热。模拟并计算了不同安装方式的效果,在其他条件都相同的情况下,提出了最佳的安装方案能使出塔水温降低0.6℃左右。
Through using numerical simulation software FLUENT, research on natural draft wet cooling tower (NDWCT) of 1000MW power unit was investigated in this paper. After simulation of air temperature and humidity, the author finds that when the cold and dry ambient air enters the rain zone and flows into the tower, the mismatch between water mass velocity and air mass velocity causes the effect of heat transfer is not good in the center region. Based on the research, it proposes several methods of installing deflector to increase the air velocity and disturbance in center region and strengthen the heat transfer. Under the same conditions, the temperature after optimization decreases about 0.6℃.
Through using numerical simulation software FLUENT, research on natural draft wet cooling tower (NDWCT) of 1000MW power unit was investigated in this paper. After simulation of air temperature and humidity, the author finds that when the cold and dry ambient air enters the rain zone and flows into the tower, the mismatch between water mass velocity and air mass velocity causes the effect of heat transfer is not good in the center region. Based on the research, it proposes several methods of installing deflector to increase the air velocity and disturbance in center region and strengthen the heat transfer. Under the same conditions, the temperature after optimization decreases about 0.6℃.
引文
[1]沈维道,蒋志敏,童钧耕合编.工程热力学.高等教育出版社,2000
[2]李秀云,林万超.冷却塔的节能潜力分析.中国电力,1997,10:34～36
[3]齐复东,贾树本,马义伟.电站凝汽设备和冷却系统.北京:水利电力出版社,1990,145～160
[4]赵振国.冷却塔.北京:中国水利水电出版社,1997,17～35
[5]王建丽.冷却塔填料的改进.煤炭科学技术,2003,(06):35～36
[6]史佑吉.冷却塔运行与实验.北京:水利电力出版社,1990,21～30
[7]黄惠嘉.大型冷却塔内外空气流场的综合分析.电力建设,1998,(11):21～24
[8]李秀云,林万超.冷却塔的节能潜力分析.中国电力,1997,(10):34～36
[9]司敬太.3500m2逆流式自然通风冷却塔淋水填料改造的试验研究.电站辅机,1995,(1):30～39
[10]郁金余.冷却塔除水器的更新改造.华东电力,1994,(3):42～44
[11] Merkel F. Verdunstungshuhlung, Zeitschrift des Vereines Deutscher Ingenieure (V.D.I.), 1925, 70:123～128
[12] Baker D.R, Shryock H.A.A.. Comprehensive Approach to the Analysis of Cooling Tower Performance. Journal of Heat Transfer, 1961, 83:339～350
[13] IA.Furzer. An Improved Termodynarnic Analysis of Hyporbolic Cooling Towers, Sixth International Heat Transfer Conference, Toronto, Canada. 1978, 8:7～11
[14] J.F.brison, M.Buttat, D.Jeandel and P.Sonneville. Water Drops and Packing Effects Inside Atomaspheric Cooling Towers. 3rd International conference on Finete Element In Water Resources, oxford, 1980, 2:26～37
[15] Sutherland, J.W.. Analysis of Mechanical-Draught Counter flow Air/Water Cooling Towers, ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, 1983, 105:576～583
[16] Webb, R.L.A Unified Theoretical Treatment for Thermal Analysis of Cooling Towers. Evaporative Condensers, and Fluid Coolers, ASHRAE Tran, 1984, 90:398～415
[17] Webb R.L. A Critical Evaluation of Cooling Tower Design Methodology, in Heat Transfer Equipment Design, Washington: Hemisphere Publishing Co., 1988.547～558
[18] Jaber H., Webb R.L.. Design of Cooling Towers by the Effectiveness-NTU method, ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, 1989, 111:837～843
[19] Stevens D.L., Braun J.E., Klein S.A.. An Effectiveness Model of Liquid-Desiccant System Heat / Mass Exchangers, Solar Energy Journal, 1989, 42(6):449～455
[20] Benton D.J., Waldrop W.R.. Computer Simulation of Transfer Phenomena In Evaporative Cooling Tower, Transactions of the ASME, 1988, 110:190～196
[21] Y.Fourneir, V.Boyer. Improvements to the N3S-AERO heat exchanger and cooling tower simulation code in: The 12th IARH Symposium in Cooling Tower and Heat Exchangers, Sydney, Australia, 2001,1:31～38
[22] G.Gan, S.Riffat. Numerical simulation of closed wet cooling towers for chilled ceiling systems, Applied Thermal Engineering, 1999,19:1279～1296
[23] G.Gan, S.Riffat, L.Shao, P.Doherty. Application of CFD to closed-wet cooling towers, Applied Thermal Engineering, 2001,21:79～92
[24] N.Milosavljevic, P.Heikkila. A comprehensive approach to cooling tower design. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2001,21:899～915
[25] Y.Najjar. Forced draft cooling tower performance with diesel power stations. Heat Transfer Engineering, 1998,9:36～43
[26] S.Riffat, A.Oliveira, J.Facao, G..Gan, P.Doherty. Thermal performance of a closed wet cooling tower for chilled ceilings: measurement and CFD simulation. International Journal of Energy Research, 2000,24:1171～1179
[27] H.T.A.El-Dessouky, A.AI-Haddad, F.AI-Juwayhel. A Modified Analysis of Counter Flow Wet Cooling Towers. ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, 1997, 119:617～626
[28] Sadasivam.M., Balakrishnan A.R. On the Effective Driving Force for Transport in Cooling Towers. ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, 1995, 117:512～515
[29] El-Dessouky, H.T.. Enhancement of the Thermal Performance of a Wet Cooling Tower. Canadian J. Of Chemical Engineering, 1996, 71: l～8
[30] S.Fisenko, A.Petruchik, A.Solodukhin. Evaporative cooling of water in a natural draft cooling tower. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2002,45:4683～4694
[31] A.Petruchik, S.Fisenko. Simulation of natural draft cooling tower performance. The 12th IARH Symposium in Cooling Tower and Heat Exchangers, Sydney, Australia, 2001.80～86
[32]文建刚.自然通风逆流式冷却塔塔内气流场及配水优化的数值模拟:[硕士学位论文].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院,1986
[33]赵顺安.自然通风逆流式冷却塔塔内气流场及热质交换的数值模拟:[硕士学位论文].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院,1988
[34]刘永红.自然通风逆流式冷却塔塔内气流场及热质交换的数值模拟:[硕士学位论文].保定:华北电力学院,1990
[35]杨强林.冷却塔内热力计算模型与实验研究:[硕士学位论文].上海:上海交通大学,1997
[36]金锋.冷却塔内传质传热分析:[硕士学位论文].上海:上海交通大学,1988
[37]陈东民.自然通风冷却塔内流场与传质传热的数值分析:[硕士学位论文].北京:清华大学,1994
[38] Al-Waked R, Behnia M. CFD simulation of wet cooling towers. Appl Therm Eng, 2006,26:382～395
[39] Al-Waked R, Behnia M. The effect of windbreak walls on the thermal performance of natural draft dry cooling towers. Heat Transfer Eng, 2005, 26(8):50～62
[40] R.Al-Waked, M.Behnia. The effect of windbreak walls on the thermal performance of natural draft dry cooling towers. Heat Transfer Engineering, 2005, 26:1～13
[41] R.Al-Waked, M.Behnia. Effect of windbreak walls on the performance of natural draft dry cooling towers under crosswind, The 2nd International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Victoria Falls, Zambia, 2003
[42] R.Al-Waked, M.Behnia. The performance of natural draft dry cooling towers under crosswind. International Journal of Energy Research, 2004, 28:147～161
[43] R.Al-Waked, M.Behnia. Simulation of two-phase heat and mass transfer inside natural draft wet cooling towers.in: The 5th International Conference on Multiphase Flow, ICMF_04, Yokohama, Japan, 2004.444
[44] N.Williamson, S.Armfield,M.Behnia. Numerical simulation of flow in a natural draft wet cooling tower. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2008, 28(2):178～189
[45]张晓东,郑永刚,王清照.冷却塔内外流场的数值分析.热能动力工程,2000,1:52～55
[46]张晓东,王清照.侧风对自然通风冷却塔冷却胜能的影响.中国电力,1999,32(6):34～36
[47]朱宪然.电站自然通风湿式冷却塔空气动力场数值模拟:[硕士学位论文].上海:上海交通大学,2002
[48]刘明.自然通风湿式塔配水特性及气动特性的数值分析:[硕士学位论文].山东:山东大学,2004
[49]陈友良.自然通风逆流湿式塔空气动力场的优化研究:[硕士学位论文].山东:山东大学,2008
[50]赵元宾,孙奉仲.十字隔墙湿式冷却塔冷却特性的数值研究,中国电机工程学报,2009,29(8):6～13
[2]李秀云,林万超.冷却塔的节能潜力分析.中国电力,1997,10:34～36
[3]齐复东,贾树本,马义伟.电站凝汽设备和冷却系统.北京:水利电力出版社,1990,145～160
[4]赵振国.冷却塔.北京:中国水利水电出版社,1997,17～35
[5]王建丽.冷却塔填料的改进.煤炭科学技术,2003,(06):35～36
[6]史佑吉.冷却塔运行与实验.北京:水利电力出版社,1990,21～30
[7]黄惠嘉.大型冷却塔内外空气流场的综合分析.电力建设,1998,(11):21～24
[8]李秀云,林万超.冷却塔的节能潜力分析.中国电力,1997,(10):34～36
[9]司敬太.3500m2逆流式自然通风冷却塔淋水填料改造的试验研究.电站辅机,1995,(1):30～39
[10]郁金余.冷却塔除水器的更新改造.华东电力,1994,(3):42～44
[11] Merkel F. Verdunstungshuhlung, Zeitschrift des Vereines Deutscher Ingenieure (V.D.I.), 1925, 70:123～128
[12] Baker D.R, Shryock H.A.A.. Comprehensive Approach to the Analysis of Cooling Tower Performance. Journal of Heat Transfer, 1961, 83:339～350
[13] IA.Furzer. An Improved Termodynarnic Analysis of Hyporbolic Cooling Towers, Sixth International Heat Transfer Conference, Toronto, Canada. 1978, 8:7～11
[14] J.F.brison, M.Buttat, D.Jeandel and P.Sonneville. Water Drops and Packing Effects Inside Atomaspheric Cooling Towers. 3rd International conference on Finete Element In Water Resources, oxford, 1980, 2:26～37
[15] Sutherland, J.W.. Analysis of Mechanical-Draught Counter flow Air/Water Cooling Towers, ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, 1983, 105:576～583
[16] Webb, R.L.A Unified Theoretical Treatment for Thermal Analysis of Cooling Towers. Evaporative Condensers, and Fluid Coolers, ASHRAE Tran, 1984, 90:398～415
[17] Webb R.L. A Critical Evaluation of Cooling Tower Design Methodology, in Heat Transfer Equipment Design, Washington: Hemisphere Publishing Co., 1988.547～558
[18] Jaber H., Webb R.L.. Design of Cooling Towers by the Effectiveness-NTU method, ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, 1989, 111:837～843
[19] Stevens D.L., Braun J.E., Klein S.A.. An Effectiveness Model of Liquid-Desiccant System Heat / Mass Exchangers, Solar Energy Journal, 1989, 42(6):449～455
[20] Benton D.J., Waldrop W.R.. Computer Simulation of Transfer Phenomena In Evaporative Cooling Tower, Transactions of the ASME, 1988, 110:190～196
[21] Y.Fourneir, V.Boyer. Improvements to the N3S-AERO heat exchanger and cooling tower simulation code in: The 12th IARH Symposium in Cooling Tower and Heat Exchangers, Sydney, Australia, 2001,1:31～38
[22] G.Gan, S.Riffat. Numerical simulation of closed wet cooling towers for chilled ceiling systems, Applied Thermal Engineering, 1999,19:1279～1296
[23] G.Gan, S.Riffat, L.Shao, P.Doherty. Application of CFD to closed-wet cooling towers, Applied Thermal Engineering, 2001,21:79～92
[24] N.Milosavljevic, P.Heikkila. A comprehensive approach to cooling tower design. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2001,21:899～915
[25] Y.Najjar. Forced draft cooling tower performance with diesel power stations. Heat Transfer Engineering, 1998,9:36～43
[26] S.Riffat, A.Oliveira, J.Facao, G..Gan, P.Doherty. Thermal performance of a closed wet cooling tower for chilled ceilings: measurement and CFD simulation. International Journal of Energy Research, 2000,24:1171～1179
[27] H.T.A.El-Dessouky, A.AI-Haddad, F.AI-Juwayhel. A Modified Analysis of Counter Flow Wet Cooling Towers. ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, 1997, 119:617～626
[28] Sadasivam.M., Balakrishnan A.R. On the Effective Driving Force for Transport in Cooling Towers. ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, 1995, 117:512～515
[29] El-Dessouky, H.T.. Enhancement of the Thermal Performance of a Wet Cooling Tower. Canadian J. Of Chemical Engineering, 1996, 71: l～8
[30] S.Fisenko, A.Petruchik, A.Solodukhin. Evaporative cooling of water in a natural draft cooling tower. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2002,45:4683～4694
[31] A.Petruchik, S.Fisenko. Simulation of natural draft cooling tower performance. The 12th IARH Symposium in Cooling Tower and Heat Exchangers, Sydney, Australia, 2001.80～86
[32]文建刚.自然通风逆流式冷却塔塔内气流场及配水优化的数值模拟:[硕士学位论文].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院,1986
[33]赵顺安.自然通风逆流式冷却塔塔内气流场及热质交换的数值模拟:[硕士学位论文].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院,1988
[34]刘永红.自然通风逆流式冷却塔塔内气流场及热质交换的数值模拟:[硕士学位论文].保定:华北电力学院,1990
[35]杨强林.冷却塔内热力计算模型与实验研究:[硕士学位论文].上海:上海交通大学,1997
[36]金锋.冷却塔内传质传热分析:[硕士学位论文].上海:上海交通大学,1988
[37]陈东民.自然通风冷却塔内流场与传质传热的数值分析:[硕士学位论文].北京:清华大学,1994
[38] Al-Waked R, Behnia M. CFD simulation of wet cooling towers. Appl Therm Eng, 2006,26:382～395
[39] Al-Waked R, Behnia M. The effect of windbreak walls on the thermal performance of natural draft dry cooling towers. Heat Transfer Eng, 2005, 26(8):50～62
[40] R.Al-Waked, M.Behnia. The effect of windbreak walls on the thermal performance of natural draft dry cooling towers. Heat Transfer Engineering, 2005, 26:1～13
[41] R.Al-Waked, M.Behnia. Effect of windbreak walls on the performance of natural draft dry cooling towers under crosswind, The 2nd International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Victoria Falls, Zambia, 2003
[42] R.Al-Waked, M.Behnia. The performance of natural draft dry cooling towers under crosswind. International Journal of Energy Research, 2004, 28:147～161
[43] R.Al-Waked, M.Behnia. Simulation of two-phase heat and mass transfer inside natural draft wet cooling towers.in: The 5th International Conference on Multiphase Flow, ICMF_04, Yokohama, Japan, 2004.444
[44] N.Williamson, S.Armfield,M.Behnia. Numerical simulation of flow in a natural draft wet cooling tower. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2008, 28(2):178～189
[45]张晓东,郑永刚,王清照.冷却塔内外流场的数值分析.热能动力工程,2000,1:52～55
[46]张晓东,王清照.侧风对自然通风冷却塔冷却胜能的影响.中国电力,1999,32(6):34～36
[47]朱宪然.电站自然通风湿式冷却塔空气动力场数值模拟:[硕士学位论文].上海:上海交通大学,2002
[48]刘明.自然通风湿式塔配水特性及气动特性的数值分析:[硕士学位论文].山东:山东大学,2004
[49]陈友良.自然通风逆流湿式塔空气动力场的优化研究:[硕士学位论文].山东:山东大学,2008
[50]赵元宾,孙奉仲.十字隔墙湿式冷却塔冷却特性的数值研究,中国电机工程学报,2009,29(8):6～13