基于高速采集的电机参数分析测试系统研究
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摘要
本文研究了基于高速采集的电机参数分析测试系统。系统包括数据采集和电机故障诊断两部分,以鼠笼式中小型三相异步电动机为数据信号源,采用数字信号处理器控制ADS8364转换器对电动机参数进行高速采集,进而对采集到的各项信号进行分析处理,诊断异步电动机故障,文中对涉及到的异步电动机故障诊断算法以及各种故障诊断方法做了详细的分析说明。
系统将TMS320F2812作为数据处理与控制单元,缩短指令周期,提高了数据的采集和传输速度,以A／D转换模块ADS8364为基础,通过CPLD实现数据的缓存和数据传输的逻辑控制,硬件电路设计更简便,可实现采集数据的高速、实时传输并达到很高的稳定性和可靠性
电机故障诊断主要包括转子断条故障、电动机轴承故障和转子碰摩故障三方面的内容,本文研究的转子断条故障采用小波包分析并结合快速傅立叶(FFT)变换方法对异步电动机的定子电流信号进行分析,不仅能够诊断电机是否存在故障,同时结合FFT方法判定故障频率,利用小波分析方法检测异步电动机转子断条故障的发生时刻；引入Hilbert-Huang变换时频分析方法对DSP采集到的异步电动机的振动信号进行EMD分解,最后给出分解结果的Hilbert边际谱,从而通过故障频率诊断异步电动机的轴承中的内圈、外圈、滚动体故障；最后利用小波分析方法诊断电机中存在的转子碰摩故障。并运用文中的方法对异步电动机各种不同故障进行检测与诊断,实验结果表明了本文方法的有效性。
Based on High Speed Data Acquisition, the system of analysis and testing the parameters of the asynchronous motor is studied, which includes data acquisition and fault diagnosis, the small and medium three-phase squirrel-cage asynchronous motor as a data signal source, the asynchronous motor's parameters is acquired in high speed by ADS8364 converter, which is controlled by Digital Signal Processor, the acquired signal is analyzed and processed, the fault of the asynchronous motor is diagnosed, involved diagnosis algorithm and methods of the asynchronous motor are described in detail.
TMS320F2812 is as a data processing and control unit in the system, instruction cycle is shortened, the speed of data acquisition and transmission increased. Based on Conversion Module ADS8364, logical control of data cache and transmission is achieved through CPLD. As hardware circuit is designed simply, high-speed and real-time data transmission is achieved in high stability and reliability.
Motor fault mainly includes rotor broken bar, bearing fault and rotor rub-impact. For the rotor broken bar, Wavelet analysis combined with fast fourier transform method (FFT)is used to analyze stator current signal for the asynchronous motor, diagnose if motor is running properly, and at the same time the fault frequency is determined with the method of FFT, wavelet analysis is used to detect the moment when rotor broken bar occurs; The vibration signal which the asynchronous motor has sent out is acquired by DSP by the method of Hilbert-Huang transform time-frequency analysis, then the signal is decomposed by the method of EMD, finally the result of the Hilbert marginal spectrum decomposition is given, inner ring, outer ring, rolling body faults of the bearing in the asynchronous motor are diagnosed through fault frequency; Finally, rotor rub-impact existing in the asynchronous motor is diagnosed by the method of wavelet analysis. Experimental results show it is efficient and accurate that the system detects different faults existing in the asynchronous motor.
系统将TMS320F2812作为数据处理与控制单元,缩短指令周期,提高了数据的采集和传输速度,以A／D转换模块ADS8364为基础,通过CPLD实现数据的缓存和数据传输的逻辑控制,硬件电路设计更简便,可实现采集数据的高速、实时传输并达到很高的稳定性和可靠性
电机故障诊断主要包括转子断条故障、电动机轴承故障和转子碰摩故障三方面的内容,本文研究的转子断条故障采用小波包分析并结合快速傅立叶(FFT)变换方法对异步电动机的定子电流信号进行分析,不仅能够诊断电机是否存在故障,同时结合FFT方法判定故障频率,利用小波分析方法检测异步电动机转子断条故障的发生时刻；引入Hilbert-Huang变换时频分析方法对DSP采集到的异步电动机的振动信号进行EMD分解,最后给出分解结果的Hilbert边际谱,从而通过故障频率诊断异步电动机的轴承中的内圈、外圈、滚动体故障；最后利用小波分析方法诊断电机中存在的转子碰摩故障。并运用文中的方法对异步电动机各种不同故障进行检测与诊断,实验结果表明了本文方法的有效性。
Based on High Speed Data Acquisition, the system of analysis and testing the parameters of the asynchronous motor is studied, which includes data acquisition and fault diagnosis, the small and medium three-phase squirrel-cage asynchronous motor as a data signal source, the asynchronous motor's parameters is acquired in high speed by ADS8364 converter, which is controlled by Digital Signal Processor, the acquired signal is analyzed and processed, the fault of the asynchronous motor is diagnosed, involved diagnosis algorithm and methods of the asynchronous motor are described in detail.
TMS320F2812 is as a data processing and control unit in the system, instruction cycle is shortened, the speed of data acquisition and transmission increased. Based on Conversion Module ADS8364, logical control of data cache and transmission is achieved through CPLD. As hardware circuit is designed simply, high-speed and real-time data transmission is achieved in high stability and reliability.
Motor fault mainly includes rotor broken bar, bearing fault and rotor rub-impact. For the rotor broken bar, Wavelet analysis combined with fast fourier transform method (FFT)is used to analyze stator current signal for the asynchronous motor, diagnose if motor is running properly, and at the same time the fault frequency is determined with the method of FFT, wavelet analysis is used to detect the moment when rotor broken bar occurs; The vibration signal which the asynchronous motor has sent out is acquired by DSP by the method of Hilbert-Huang transform time-frequency analysis, then the signal is decomposed by the method of EMD, finally the result of the Hilbert marginal spectrum decomposition is given, inner ring, outer ring, rolling body faults of the bearing in the asynchronous motor are diagnosed through fault frequency; Finally, rotor rub-impact existing in the asynchronous motor is diagnosed by the method of wavelet analysis. Experimental results show it is efficient and accurate that the system detects different faults existing in the asynchronous motor.
引文
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[3]武建文,李德成.电动机现代测试技术.北京：机械工业出版社,2005
[4]秦树人.机械工程测试原理与技术.重庆：重庆大学出版社,2006
[5]陈长龄.自动测试及接口技术.北京：机械工业出版社,2005
[6]郭霞,杨涛,张浩.高速数据采集系统的信号完整性分析.电子科技,2008,(1)：31-33
[7]P.J.达夫勒,J.彭曼.电机的状态监测.姜建国,史家燕译.北京：水利电力出版社,1992
[8]W.T. THOMSON, M. FENGER. Case Histories of Current Signature Analysis to Detect Faults in Asynchronous motor Drives. IEEE International Conference on Electric Machines and Drives, Madison, USA,2003. IEMDC'03 Wisconsin,2003,3:1459-1465
[9]沈标正.电机故障诊断技术.北京：机械工业出版社,1996
[10]邱阿瑞.用起动电流的时变频谱诊断鼠笼异步电机转子故障.中国电机工程学报.1995,15(4)：267-273
[11]邱阿瑞.提取感应电动机转子故障特征的新方法.清华大学学报(自然科学版),1997,37(1)：35-37
[12]侯志勇,李和明,许伯强,等.大型异步电动机状态监测与故障诊断系统的研制.山西电力,2002,(1)：58-60
[13]侯志勇.大型异步电动机状态监测与故障诊断系统研究.华北电力大学硕士学位论文.2002：34-36
[14]刘小军.便携式电机故障诊断仪的研究与开发.西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文.2003：71-74
[15]李桂丹,王晓远,陈益广等.异步电动机转子故障在线检测方法.测试技术,2003,36(3)：55-57
[16]W.S.TOMMY, S.H.CHOW. Induction Machine Fault Diagnostic Analysis with Wavelet Technique. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2004,51(3):558-565
[17]张征平,任震,黄雯莹,等.基于小波脊线的电动机转子故障检测新方法.中国电机工程学报,2003,23(1)：97-101
[18]张征平,任震,杨楚明,等.基于小波变换的高压电动机定子绕组匝间短路故障在线检测新方法.电力自动化设备,2004,24(3)：5-9
[19]李天云,李楠,赵研.基于解析小波变换方法的鼠笼型异步电动机转子断条检测新方法.电力自动化设备,2004,24(12)：16-19
[20]张含蕾,周洁敏,李刚.基于小波分析的感应电动机复合故障诊断.中国电机工程学 报,2006,26(8)：159-162
[21]J.CUSIDO, J.A.ROSERO, J.A.Ortega,et al. Asynchronous motor Fault Detection by using Wavelet Decomposition on dq0 Components. IEEE ISIE, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,2006. IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics,2006,3:2406-2411
[22]F.ZIDANI, M.E.H.BENBOUZID, D.DIALLO, et al. Asynchronous motor Stator Faults Diagnosis by a Current Concordia Pattern-based Fuzzy Decision System. IEEETransactions on Energy Conversion,2003,18(4):469-475
[23]A.G.PARLOS, KYUSUNG KIM, R.BHARADWAJ. Detection of Asynchronous motor Faults-combining Signal-based and Model-based Techniques. American Control Conference, Anchorage, AK,2002. Proceedings of the American Control Conference,2002,6:4531-4536
[24]S.PREMRUDEEPREECHACHARN, T.UTTHIYOUNG,K.KRUEPENGKUL,et al. Asynchronous motor Fault Detection and Diagnosis using Supervised and Unsupervised Neural Networks. IEEE ICIT, Bangkok, THAILAND,2002. IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology,2002,1:93-96
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