大型电力变压器铁心的振动特性分析及实验研究
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摘要
大型电力变压器是电力系统中的重要设备之一,其安全运行对保证电网安全可靠至关重要,实现电力变压器的在线监测和故障诊断意义重大。铁心是变压器的主要部件和故障源之一,其振动主要由硅钢片的磁致伸缩引起,与铁心紧固状况,绝缘程度密切相关,具有较强的非线性非平稳特性。对铁心进行振动特性分析和故障诊断方法实验研究是实现电力变压器在线监测的重要内容。
本文以电力变压器铁心为研究对象,将希尔伯特黄变换(HHT)时频分析方法引入变压器铁心非线性振动信号分析领域,结合传统频谱分析法对六种不同型号的电力变压器铁心振动信号进行了分析及实验研究,从时域、频域及时-频域等几个角度分析了铁心本体振动特性、油箱表面空载时振动特性及负载时绕组振动对铁心振动的影响。并在此基础上提出一种基于振动法的电力变压器铁心压紧力在线监测方法。通过对铁心振动信号进行经验模式分解(EEMD),得到一组特征模式函数(IMFs),根据铁心振动特性确定出反映压紧力变化的IMFs,计算IMFs的瞬时频率和时频能量分布,用瞬时频率和时频能量分布构建能够表述铁心压紧力的特征矢量,经距离算法计算特征矢量的长度值,实现铁心压紧力变化的在线监测。
实验结果表明,由HHT分析得到的铁心振动时频能量分布清晰地表达出铁心磁致伸缩和电磁力引起的振动过程中铁心瞬时频率及振幅的非线性时变规律。铁心振动信号中包含了丰富的磁化、结构状态以及故障信息。文中提出的特征矢量和距离算法能够有效反映铁心在不同压紧力状况下的振动特性,为电力变压器的振动在线状态监测与故障诊断奠定了良好的基础。
Large power transformer is one of the important equipments in the power system.Its safety is essential for ensuring the reliability of power network, which is also of great significance to realize the on-line monitoring and fault diagnosis of power transformer. The transformer core is the main components and also the main fault source. The core vibration, which is produced by magnetostriction and is correlative with the core's clamping pressure and insulation, is essentially nonlinear and nonstationary. Research on transformer core vibration and fault diagnose is an important part of power transformer on-line monitoring.
In this paper, the power transformer core vibration is studied. The new time-frequency analysis method, Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) is introduced into transformer core vibration signal analysis. Combing HHT with Fourier transform, six different types of transformer core vibration signal are analyzed on aspect of time-frequency domain. Based on the adaptive HHT technique, we propose a method for analyzing the characteristics of the core vibration. By decomposing the preprocessed vibration signal into a set of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) through the empirical mode decomposition (EMD), the instantaneous frequencies and the energy-frequency-time distribution of the signal are derived firstly. Then, the instantaneous frequencies and the energy-frequency-time distribution are used to construct a group of eigenvectors to represent the core parameters and a distance algorithm to classify different conditions of the core vibration, based on which the nonlinear and nonstationary characteristics of the core vibration are analyzed.
Experimental results show that the derived energy-frequency-time distribution of the core vibration clearly expressed the non-liner time-varying vibration caused by magnetostriction and Electromagnetic force, which contains a wealth of magnetization, structure condition and fault information. The eigenvectors and distance algorithm proposed here can characterize the magnetostriction and pressure of the core effectively. This method is useful and helpful for vibration condition monitoring and diagnosis of power transformers.
本文以电力变压器铁心为研究对象,将希尔伯特黄变换(HHT)时频分析方法引入变压器铁心非线性振动信号分析领域,结合传统频谱分析法对六种不同型号的电力变压器铁心振动信号进行了分析及实验研究,从时域、频域及时-频域等几个角度分析了铁心本体振动特性、油箱表面空载时振动特性及负载时绕组振动对铁心振动的影响。并在此基础上提出一种基于振动法的电力变压器铁心压紧力在线监测方法。通过对铁心振动信号进行经验模式分解(EEMD),得到一组特征模式函数(IMFs),根据铁心振动特性确定出反映压紧力变化的IMFs,计算IMFs的瞬时频率和时频能量分布,用瞬时频率和时频能量分布构建能够表述铁心压紧力的特征矢量,经距离算法计算特征矢量的长度值,实现铁心压紧力变化的在线监测。
实验结果表明,由HHT分析得到的铁心振动时频能量分布清晰地表达出铁心磁致伸缩和电磁力引起的振动过程中铁心瞬时频率及振幅的非线性时变规律。铁心振动信号中包含了丰富的磁化、结构状态以及故障信息。文中提出的特征矢量和距离算法能够有效反映铁心在不同压紧力状况下的振动特性,为电力变压器的振动在线状态监测与故障诊断奠定了良好的基础。
Large power transformer is one of the important equipments in the power system.Its safety is essential for ensuring the reliability of power network, which is also of great significance to realize the on-line monitoring and fault diagnosis of power transformer. The transformer core is the main components and also the main fault source. The core vibration, which is produced by magnetostriction and is correlative with the core's clamping pressure and insulation, is essentially nonlinear and nonstationary. Research on transformer core vibration and fault diagnose is an important part of power transformer on-line monitoring.
In this paper, the power transformer core vibration is studied. The new time-frequency analysis method, Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) is introduced into transformer core vibration signal analysis. Combing HHT with Fourier transform, six different types of transformer core vibration signal are analyzed on aspect of time-frequency domain. Based on the adaptive HHT technique, we propose a method for analyzing the characteristics of the core vibration. By decomposing the preprocessed vibration signal into a set of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) through the empirical mode decomposition (EMD), the instantaneous frequencies and the energy-frequency-time distribution of the signal are derived firstly. Then, the instantaneous frequencies and the energy-frequency-time distribution are used to construct a group of eigenvectors to represent the core parameters and a distance algorithm to classify different conditions of the core vibration, based on which the nonlinear and nonstationary characteristics of the core vibration are analyzed.
Experimental results show that the derived energy-frequency-time distribution of the core vibration clearly expressed the non-liner time-varying vibration caused by magnetostriction and Electromagnetic force, which contains a wealth of magnetization, structure condition and fault information. The eigenvectors and distance algorithm proposed here can characterize the magnetostriction and pressure of the core effectively. This method is useful and helpful for vibration condition monitoring and diagnosis of power transformers.
引文
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[3]徐敏.设备故障诊断手册——机械设备状态监测和故障诊断[M].西安：西安交通大学出版社.1998,1：533-539
[4]谢坡岸.振动分析法在电力变压器绕组状态监测户的应用研究[D].上海交通大学,2008,3：3-6
[5]欧小波.频率响应法结合短路阻抗法检测变压器绕组变形的研究[J].科苑·技术,2009,2：123-126
[6]GB 1094.5-85电力变压器,第五部分：承受短路的能力[S],1985
[7]舒乃秋.频率响应分析法检测电力变压器绕组变形的理论研究.变压器[J],2005,42(10)：23-25
[8]耿江海.变压器铁芯多点接地在线监测系统的研究[D].华北电力大学,2006,12
[9]王金旺.电力变压器铁芯多点接地故障诊断[J].装备制造技术,2007,7：145-148
[10]李强.电力设备状态监测和故障诊断技术发展趋势[J].电力信息化,2009,7(2)：12-14
[11]王庆龙.电力变压器振动监测方法研究[D].西华大学,2006.4：1-11
[12]陈卓.电力设备状态监测与故障诊断[J].高电压技术,2005.31(4)：46-48
[13]Belen Garcia. Transformer tank vibration modeling as a method of detecting winding deformations-part Ⅰ:theoretical foundation[J]. IEEE transactions on power delivery,2006,21(1):157-163
[14]Belen Garcia. Transformer tank vibration modeling as a method of detecting winding deformations-part Ⅱ:Experimental Verification[J]. IEEE transactions on power delivery,2006,21(1):164-169
[15]Z. Berler, et al. Vibro-acoustic Method of Transformer Clamping Pressure Monitoring[A].Conference Record of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation, Anaheim, CA USA, April 2-5,2000,263-266
[16]汲胜昌,程锦,李彦明.油浸式电力变压器绕组与铁芯振动特性研究[J].西安交通大学学报,2005,39(6)：616-619
[17]C. Bartoletti, et al., Vibro-acoustic Techniques to Diagnose Power Transformers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2004,19(1):221-229
[18]M. Mizokami, M. Yabumoto, and Y. Okazaki, Vibration Analysis of a 3-Phase Model Transformer Core[J]. Electrical Engineering in Japan,1997,119(1):1-8
[19]顾晓安,沈密群,朱振江,沈荣瀛.变压器铁芯振动和噪声特性的试验研究[J].变压器,2003,40(4)：1-4
[20]Horatio Lamela. Measurements of Mechanical Vibrations at Magnetic Cores of Power Transformers with Fiber-Optic Interferometric Intrinsic Sensor[J]. IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONIS,2000,6(5):788-797
[21]汲胜昌,刘味果,单平,李彦明.小波包分析在振动法监测变压器铁芯及绕组状况中的应用[J].中国机电工程学报,2001,21(12)：24-27
[22]颜秋容,刘欣.基于小波理论的电力变压器振动信号特征研究[J].高电压技术,2007,33(1)：165-168
[23]熊卫华,赵光宙.基于希尔伯特-黄变换的变压器铁芯振动特性分析[J].电工技术学报,2006,21(8)：9-13
[24]变压器制造技术丛书编审委员会.变压器装配工艺M].北京：机械工业出版社,1998,6：9-15
[25]周顺荣.电机学[M].北京：科学出版社.2007,8
[26]王生.电机与变压器[M].北京：高等教育出版社.1999,6：12-36
[27]谢毓城.电力变压器手册[M].北京：机械工业出版社.2003,1：211-222
[28]变压器制造技术丛书编审委员会.变压器铁心制造工艺[M].北京：机械工业出版社.1998,6：9-17
[29]宛德福.磁性理论及其应用[M].武汉：华中科技大学出版社.1996,1：148-199
[30]S. Chikazumi. Physics of Magnetism[M]. John Wiley & Sons, New York.1964
[31]B. Weiser, H. Pfutzner. Relevance of magnetostriction and force for the generation of audible noise of transformer cores[J]. IEEE TRANSATION ON MAGNETICS, VOL.36.NO.5. SEPTEMBER 2000
[32]B. Weiser, H. Pfutzner. Mechanisms of noise generation of model transformer core[J]. J. Magn. Mater, vol.160:207-209,1996
[33]ARTHUR W. KELLEY. Measurement of Spacecraft Power Transformer Acoustic Noise[J]. IEEE TRANSATIONS ON MAGNETICS,VOL.26, NO.1,JANUARY 1990
[34]J. W. SHILLING AND G. L. HOUZE. Magnetic Properties and Domain Structure in Grain Oriented 3% Si-Fe [J].IEEE TRANSATION ON MAGNETICS, VOL. MAG-10.NO.2 JUNE 1974
[35]S. L. Foster, E. Reiplinger. Characteristics and control of transformer sound [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS-100, No.3, March 1981:1072-1077
[36]董志刚.变压器的噪声(3)[J].变压器,1995,32(12)：37-加1
[37]周贤士.中小型变压器噪声(上)[J].变压器,2006,11(43)：1-9
[38]丁有源.树脂浇注干式变压器的噪声与降噪措施.变压器,1999,36(10)：18-21
[39]王路阳.树脂绝缘干式变压器的噪声分析和降低方法.变压器,1999,36(8)：19-23
[40]顾晓安,沈荣瀛,徐基泰.国外变压器噪声研究的动向.变压器,2002,39(10)：18-21
[41]汲胜昌.变压器绕组与铁心振动特性及其在故障监测中的应用研究[D].西安：西安交通大学,2003
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