人工饲养新生期仔猪的乳糖营养效应研究
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摘要
本研究设计两个试验,考察了提高乳糖供能水平或供能比例对新生期仔猪生产性能、养分消化、代谢、体沉积和蛋白质代谢与能量代谢的影响,旨在探讨乳糖对新生期仔猪的营养效应。
试验一 从母猪胎次一致、产期接近的5窝0日龄长白×梅山仔猪中选取18头体重1.3kg左右的仔猪,采用因子试验设计,根据窝别和体重分为3组,分别是基础饲粮组(NL)、高乳糖组(HL)和哺乳组(S),每组设3个重复,每个重复2头,共6头猪。哺乳组仔猪由母猪哺乳,母猪哺乳仔猪头数平均为9-10头。基础饲粮组和高乳糖组仔猪则以液态饲粮人工饲养,单饲于代谢笼中,自由采食。基础饲粮组液态饲粮营养水平与猪常乳成分相近。高乳糖组饲粮蛋白和乳脂水平与基础饲粮组的相同,乳糖则提高至9.86%。试验分成四期,依次是第1周(0-7d)、第2周(8-14d)、第3周(15-21d)和第4周(22-28d)。考察1～4各周仔猪生产性能和养分的消化率与代谢率,初步探索乳糖对新生期仔猪的生长效应。
试验一结果表明:
1.人工饲养促进仔猪生长,充分发挥生长潜力。人工饲养的基础饲粮组和高乳糖组仔猪28日龄体重均显著高于哺乳仔猪(P<0.05)。
2.提高乳糖能量水平显著促进仔猪生长。第1周和全期日增重比基础饲粮组分别提高了27.04%(P<0.05)和12.7%(P<0.10),28日龄体重提高11.1%(P<0.10)。
3.高乳糖组仔猪1～4各周饲粮DM和DE摄入量显著高于基础饲粮组(P<0.01或P<0.05);第1周和第4周仔猪氮摄入量亦分别高10.49%(P<0.10)和6.25%(P<)0.05)。提高乳糖能量水平显著改善新生仔猪(第1周)饲粮氮增重效率12.5%(P<0.10)和脂肪增重效率18.2%(P<0.05),降低第2、3周和全期DM增重效率11.59%(P<0.10)、20%(P<0.05)、14.08%(P<0.05)。
4.提高乳糖能量水平对饲粮DM、能量、蛋白质、脂肪和乳糖消化率均无显著影响(P>0.10)。在整个新生期内,仔猪对各养分消化率均在97%以上。同时,有提高饲粮饲粮蛋白质生物学价值(BV)的趋势。BV随仔猪周龄呈二次曲线下降,回归方程如下:
HL组:BV=86.9833+3.1400w-1.3300w~2(R~2=0.9472,p=0.01,n=12)
NL组:BV=82.3417+5.0150w-1.6250w~2(R~2=0.9633,p=0.084,n=12)
Two experiments were designed in this study to investigate the effects of improving the lactose energy level on performance, digestibilities and metabolizablities of nutrients, protein and energy deposition, protein turnover and heat production in colostrum-derpived piglets during neonatal period. The objective is to investigate lactose nutritional efficiency and partition effects in neonatal piglets.Experiment 1, eighteen Large WhitexMeishan crossbred neonatal pigs (averagely weighed 1.27kg) from 5 litters were used at 0 day and divided into 3 groups to determine: Basic diet (NL), High Lactose (HL) and Suckling (S), each group has 3 repetition, 2 for each repetition, amounts to six. Suckling piglets were nursed by the sow. HL and NL were artificially fed with liquid diet at 3-hr intervals. The composition of NL diet (DM19.46%, CP5.59%, fat 8.01%, Lactose 5.15%, GE5.33MJ/kg), were close to sow milk. And, the lactose level of HL diet was improved to 9.86%, the content of CP and fat were same as NL diet. Animals were placed in individual cages in an environmentally controlled room and had ad libitum access to diets. The experiment ended when the neonatal pigs were 28 day of age to evaluate utilization of ingested nutrients and energy by neonatal piglets and effects of higher level lactose on performance of pigs. Those result indicated that:1. The piglets aritificially reared grow faster than sow-suckled piglets. HL and NL piglets' weight reached 9.43kg and 10.48kg at day of 28 age, respectively, which exceed that sow-suckled littermates by 42.66%-58.37%. Piglet growth can be greatly accelerated by the feeding of liquid diets.2. Average daily gain of piglets were higher than that pigs fed NL diet by 27.04%, 12.7% respectively at 1~(st) week and during whole neonatal period, which resulted in body weight of 28~(th) day age of 10.48kg, improved by11.1%.3. Piglets fed HL diet consumed approximately 23.19%, 11.76%, 9.71% and 18.36%
greater GE per day than the piglets fed NL diet on 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th week, respectively. Nitrogen and fat conversion efficiency were improved by 12.5%, 18.2% respectively at lsl week.4. Age and lactose energy had no significant effect on the digestibilities of DM, GE, CP, fat, lactose during the neonatal period. The digestibilities of all of the nutrients were not lower than 97%.5. The protein biological value (BV) was improved by higher lactose energy, but not significantly. The relationship between BV and age of week showed that: HL: BV =86.9833+3.1400w-1.3300w2 (R2 =0.9472, P =0.010, n =12) NL: BV =82.3417+5.0150w-1.6250w2 (R2 =0.9633, P=0.084, n =12) Experiment 2 On the condition of equal nitrogen and energy content between the diets, the objectives were to investigate improving lactose energy level on performance, nutrients utilization, body composition, protein turnover and energy metabolism, to further explore the effects of lactose.Twenty-two Large WhitexMeishan crossbred neonatal piglets (averagely weighed 1.5kg) from 5-6 litters were used. 3-4 pigs were removed from each sow immediately after birth, and placed in cage, equipped with a tray for excreta collection in temperature-controlled room (34-28 °C). After birth, four piglets were killed to determine initial body composition. The remaining eighteen piglets were allotted to treatments consisting of bovine colostrums that was formulated to contain high or normal lactose. Each treatment has 9 pigs, and each treatment has 3 experimental periods, including the first week (0-7d), the second week (8-14d) and the third week (15-21d). The content of GE and CP were same as Experiment 1, fat and lactose offer 44.70% and 29.77% of gross energy respectively. Those piglets access ad libitum to diets. The aim of the study is to investigate performance, digestion of nutrients among weeks 3 piglets were used to determine whole body protein-turnover at 6-7, 13-14, 20-21day separately for each group. Afterwards, the piglets were slaughtered to determine the body composition. The results showed as follow:1. Piglets fed with improving energy supply from lactose grow remarkably faster than that of NL piglets at 1st week by 14%.2. The average daily feed intake, DM, GE, and CP intake were not significantly difference between HL and NL group. However, nitrogen, GE and fat conversion efficiency of
fed HLdiet were notably promoted by 5.82%, 10.96%, 28% respectively.3. The digestibilities of the DM, GE, CP, fat, and lactose were not significantly influenced by age of the piglets and lactose energy level, digestibilities of those nutrients were all up to 98% from 1st -3rd week among group.4. High lactose energy level improved protein biological value (BV), but not significantly. BV of the diets declined with age of week of piglets following as quadratic equations:HLifi: BV=91.4976+4.3813W-2.2035W2 (R2 =0.8532, n=16, P=0.000) NL*&: BV=88.4255+8.5034W-3.6222W2(R2 =0.7584, n=17, P=0.000)5. High lactose energy supply reduce whole body nitrogen flux 24.47%, FSR 9.32%, FBR 9.95%, resulted in promoting FAR16.15%, declining heat production relative to protein deposition 50.48% at 1st week. Thereafter, experiment demonstrates that energy source in diet does not alter FBR, FAR, and heat production among group from 2nd to 3rd week.6. Whole-body protein FSR and FBR declined following a quadratic curvilinear pattern with age.FSR: HL: FSR= 27.3300-8.4517W+1.2983W2 (R2=0.646, n=9, P=0.038)NL: FSR= 46.5933-20.343W+3.2567W2 (R2=0.981, n=9, P=0.000)FBR: HL: FBR= 15.1600-4.3717W+0.6817W2 (R2=1.000, n=9, P=0.102)NL: FBR= 38.6267-21.005W+3.7917W2 (R2=0.959, n=9, P=0.000)FAR: HL: FAR= 12.1733-4.0850W+0.6183W2 (R2=0.871, n=9, P=0.002)NL: FAR= 7.9767 +0.6483W-0.5317W2 (R2=0.946, n=9, P=0.000)The following conclusions can be drawn from all the above results:Lactose showed that protein sparing and energy partition effect at 1st week of piglet life. High lactose energy level decreased whole body FBR mainly, and FSR, resulted in increasing FSR, declined nitrogen flux and reduced heat production relative protein deposition, caused to increasing average daily gain, improving protein deposition and reduced heat production at lsl week life. During neonatal period, the digestibilities of DM, GE. CP, fat, and lactose of diets were not influenced by age, weight, and energy source. We suggest that increasing the lactose content in liquid can improve ADFI and gross energy, and the practice may be an efficient method for improving performance in neonatal piglets, get heavier weaned body weight.
试验一 从母猪胎次一致、产期接近的5窝0日龄长白×梅山仔猪中选取18头体重1.3kg左右的仔猪,采用因子试验设计,根据窝别和体重分为3组,分别是基础饲粮组(NL)、高乳糖组(HL)和哺乳组(S),每组设3个重复,每个重复2头,共6头猪。哺乳组仔猪由母猪哺乳,母猪哺乳仔猪头数平均为9-10头。基础饲粮组和高乳糖组仔猪则以液态饲粮人工饲养,单饲于代谢笼中,自由采食。基础饲粮组液态饲粮营养水平与猪常乳成分相近。高乳糖组饲粮蛋白和乳脂水平与基础饲粮组的相同,乳糖则提高至9.86%。试验分成四期,依次是第1周(0-7d)、第2周(8-14d)、第3周(15-21d)和第4周(22-28d)。考察1～4各周仔猪生产性能和养分的消化率与代谢率,初步探索乳糖对新生期仔猪的生长效应。
试验一结果表明:
1.人工饲养促进仔猪生长,充分发挥生长潜力。人工饲养的基础饲粮组和高乳糖组仔猪28日龄体重均显著高于哺乳仔猪(P<0.05)。
2.提高乳糖能量水平显著促进仔猪生长。第1周和全期日增重比基础饲粮组分别提高了27.04%(P<0.05)和12.7%(P<0.10),28日龄体重提高11.1%(P<0.10)。
3.高乳糖组仔猪1～4各周饲粮DM和DE摄入量显著高于基础饲粮组(P<0.01或P<0.05);第1周和第4周仔猪氮摄入量亦分别高10.49%(P<0.10)和6.25%(P<)0.05)。提高乳糖能量水平显著改善新生仔猪(第1周)饲粮氮增重效率12.5%(P<0.10)和脂肪增重效率18.2%(P<0.05),降低第2、3周和全期DM增重效率11.59%(P<0.10)、20%(P<0.05)、14.08%(P<0.05)。
4.提高乳糖能量水平对饲粮DM、能量、蛋白质、脂肪和乳糖消化率均无显著影响(P>0.10)。在整个新生期内,仔猪对各养分消化率均在97%以上。同时,有提高饲粮饲粮蛋白质生物学价值(BV)的趋势。BV随仔猪周龄呈二次曲线下降,回归方程如下:
HL组:BV=86.9833+3.1400w-1.3300w~2(R~2=0.9472,p=0.01,n=12)
NL组:BV=82.3417+5.0150w-1.6250w~2(R~2=0.9633,p=0.084,n=12)
Two experiments were designed in this study to investigate the effects of improving the lactose energy level on performance, digestibilities and metabolizablities of nutrients, protein and energy deposition, protein turnover and heat production in colostrum-derpived piglets during neonatal period. The objective is to investigate lactose nutritional efficiency and partition effects in neonatal piglets.Experiment 1, eighteen Large WhitexMeishan crossbred neonatal pigs (averagely weighed 1.27kg) from 5 litters were used at 0 day and divided into 3 groups to determine: Basic diet (NL), High Lactose (HL) and Suckling (S), each group has 3 repetition, 2 for each repetition, amounts to six. Suckling piglets were nursed by the sow. HL and NL were artificially fed with liquid diet at 3-hr intervals. The composition of NL diet (DM19.46%, CP5.59%, fat 8.01%, Lactose 5.15%, GE5.33MJ/kg), were close to sow milk. And, the lactose level of HL diet was improved to 9.86%, the content of CP and fat were same as NL diet. Animals were placed in individual cages in an environmentally controlled room and had ad libitum access to diets. The experiment ended when the neonatal pigs were 28 day of age to evaluate utilization of ingested nutrients and energy by neonatal piglets and effects of higher level lactose on performance of pigs. Those result indicated that:1. The piglets aritificially reared grow faster than sow-suckled piglets. HL and NL piglets' weight reached 9.43kg and 10.48kg at day of 28 age, respectively, which exceed that sow-suckled littermates by 42.66%-58.37%. Piglet growth can be greatly accelerated by the feeding of liquid diets.2. Average daily gain of piglets were higher than that pigs fed NL diet by 27.04%, 12.7% respectively at 1~(st) week and during whole neonatal period, which resulted in body weight of 28~(th) day age of 10.48kg, improved by11.1%.3. Piglets fed HL diet consumed approximately 23.19%, 11.76%, 9.71% and 18.36%
greater GE per day than the piglets fed NL diet on 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th week, respectively. Nitrogen and fat conversion efficiency were improved by 12.5%, 18.2% respectively at lsl week.4. Age and lactose energy had no significant effect on the digestibilities of DM, GE, CP, fat, lactose during the neonatal period. The digestibilities of all of the nutrients were not lower than 97%.5. The protein biological value (BV) was improved by higher lactose energy, but not significantly. The relationship between BV and age of week showed that: HL: BV =86.9833+3.1400w-1.3300w2 (R2 =0.9472, P =0.010, n =12) NL: BV =82.3417+5.0150w-1.6250w2 (R2 =0.9633, P=0.084, n =12) Experiment 2 On the condition of equal nitrogen and energy content between the diets, the objectives were to investigate improving lactose energy level on performance, nutrients utilization, body composition, protein turnover and energy metabolism, to further explore the effects of lactose.Twenty-two Large WhitexMeishan crossbred neonatal piglets (averagely weighed 1.5kg) from 5-6 litters were used. 3-4 pigs were removed from each sow immediately after birth, and placed in cage, equipped with a tray for excreta collection in temperature-controlled room (34-28 °C). After birth, four piglets were killed to determine initial body composition. The remaining eighteen piglets were allotted to treatments consisting of bovine colostrums that was formulated to contain high or normal lactose. Each treatment has 9 pigs, and each treatment has 3 experimental periods, including the first week (0-7d), the second week (8-14d) and the third week (15-21d). The content of GE and CP were same as Experiment 1, fat and lactose offer 44.70% and 29.77% of gross energy respectively. Those piglets access ad libitum to diets. The aim of the study is to investigate performance, digestion of nutrients among weeks 3 piglets were used to determine whole body protein-turnover at 6-7, 13-14, 20-21day separately for each group. Afterwards, the piglets were slaughtered to determine the body composition. The results showed as follow:1. Piglets fed with improving energy supply from lactose grow remarkably faster than that of NL piglets at 1st week by 14%.2. The average daily feed intake, DM, GE, and CP intake were not significantly difference between HL and NL group. However, nitrogen, GE and fat conversion efficiency of
fed HLdiet were notably promoted by 5.82%, 10.96%, 28% respectively.3. The digestibilities of the DM, GE, CP, fat, and lactose were not significantly influenced by age of the piglets and lactose energy level, digestibilities of those nutrients were all up to 98% from 1st -3rd week among group.4. High lactose energy level improved protein biological value (BV), but not significantly. BV of the diets declined with age of week of piglets following as quadratic equations:HLifi: BV=91.4976+4.3813W-2.2035W2 (R2 =0.8532, n=16, P=0.000) NL*&: BV=88.4255+8.5034W-3.6222W2(R2 =0.7584, n=17, P=0.000)5. High lactose energy supply reduce whole body nitrogen flux 24.47%, FSR 9.32%, FBR 9.95%, resulted in promoting FAR16.15%, declining heat production relative to protein deposition 50.48% at 1st week. Thereafter, experiment demonstrates that energy source in diet does not alter FBR, FAR, and heat production among group from 2nd to 3rd week.6. Whole-body protein FSR and FBR declined following a quadratic curvilinear pattern with age.FSR: HL: FSR= 27.3300-8.4517W+1.2983W2 (R2=0.646, n=9, P=0.038)NL: FSR= 46.5933-20.343W+3.2567W2 (R2=0.981, n=9, P=0.000)FBR: HL: FBR= 15.1600-4.3717W+0.6817W2 (R2=1.000, n=9, P=0.102)NL: FBR= 38.6267-21.005W+3.7917W2 (R2=0.959, n=9, P=0.000)FAR: HL: FAR= 12.1733-4.0850W+0.6183W2 (R2=0.871, n=9, P=0.002)NL: FAR= 7.9767 +0.6483W-0.5317W2 (R2=0.946, n=9, P=0.000)The following conclusions can be drawn from all the above results:Lactose showed that protein sparing and energy partition effect at 1st week of piglet life. High lactose energy level decreased whole body FBR mainly, and FSR, resulted in increasing FSR, declined nitrogen flux and reduced heat production relative protein deposition, caused to increasing average daily gain, improving protein deposition and reduced heat production at lsl week life. During neonatal period, the digestibilities of DM, GE. CP, fat, and lactose of diets were not influenced by age, weight, and energy source. We suggest that increasing the lactose content in liquid can improve ADFI and gross energy, and the practice may be an efficient method for improving performance in neonatal piglets, get heavier weaned body weight.
引文
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