基于新型换流变压器的高压直流输电系统滤波研究
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摘要
当前我国三峡电站输电线积极建设,西部大型水电站筹建和大量西电东送,大区高压电网互联,宜于采用HVDC线路,直流输电在我国的发展前景良好。而换流变压器是直流输电中的重大技术装备,它不仅关系交直流的变换和输送,也涉及到谐波的抑制和运行安全问题。本文是结合湖南省重大科技专项“高压直流输电新型换流变压器研制”(05GK1001-2)而开展的研究工作。本文的研究工作主要包括以下方面:
本文介绍了高压直流输电的发展概况、前景及应用,在此基础上提出了“谐波”这一热点问题,并针对当前传统的换流变压器采用的滤波方式提出了一些不足,为此很有必要探索新的滤波方式。
本文阐述了谐波分析的理论基础及谐波的基本概念,然后系统地阐述了高压直流输电换流站的交、直流侧的谐波分析,它们分别包括特征谐波、非特征谐波及其他谐波源。接着给出了谐波含量计算公式,这一部分主要是为基于新型换流变压器的实验平台的谐波分析和谐波含量计算提供理论基础。
本文阐述了新型换流变压器的接线,并详细阐述了基于新型换流变压器的HVDC系统谐波抑制原理,从磁势平衡的角度重点分析了其滤波效果,在此基础上提出了采用新型换流变压器的主要技术性能。
本文给出了无源滤波器、有源滤波器及混合滤波器的结构,并分析了它们的特性和滤波原理,为后一部分的研究提供理论指导和参考价值。
本文给出了实验平台需要用到的参数计算公式,结合实际情况,分配各滤波器的无功补偿容量。应用这些条件和公式,对实验平台的整流侧和逆变侧的滤波方式的参数分别进行计算。根据实际参数,对实验平台的整流和逆变侧运用MATLAB/Simulink分别进行建模和仿真,对比两者仿真结果,验证了采用新型换流变压器的实验平台具有的优势。最后分析了采用新型换流变压器的HVDC系统的应用前景和效益分析。
Nowadays, Three Gorges power station power transmitting of our country is constructed actively, the large-scale hydroelectric stations in western are prepared to establish ,large amount western power delivers to the eastern , and large region high voltage power grid interconnection ,which are suitable for adopting HVDC transmission line. Direct current power transmission is good in our country’s prospects for development. Converter transformer of direct current power transmission is the key technology equipment, which is not only relates to the alternating and the transmission and transportation, but also involves the run security problems and harmonic suppressing. This thesis,together with the key project 05GK1001-2 of Hunan Province -science &technology of research &manufacture of new-style converter transformer in HVDC power transmitting system, makes numbers of studies in the following aspects:
This thesis introduces prospect and application of HVDC power transmission, base on which ,it proposes a hot topic -“harmonic”. It proposes some deficiencies of filters mode that tradition converter transformer adopts, so it needs to grope for novel filtering modes.
This thesis formulas harmonic(characteristic,non-characteristic and other harmonic) analysis and level calculation of alternate current and direct current side in HVDC power transmission, which provides theory foundation for filtering equipments of HVDC system.
This thesis describes connection of novel converter transformer, and formulates in detail harmonic suppression principle in HVDC system based on novel converter transformer. From the degree of magnetic balance, it analyses effect of filtering with emphasis, based on which , it proposes main technology functions when adopts novel converter transformer.
The structure and characteristic of passive filter, active filter and hybrid filter are indicated in this thesis, in the same time, it analyses their filtering principle, which provides theory instruction and reference value for the latter part research.
In this thesis, through using these formulas, we can calculate the parameters of filter in rectify side and inverter side respectively. According to actual parameters, by means of MATLAB/Simulink, modeling and simulating the rectify side and inverter side of experiment platform respectively. By the contrast of simulation results, we can obtain many advantages when experiment platform adopts novel converter transformer. In the end, it analyzes the application prospect and benefit of the HVDC system that adopts novel converter transformer.
本文介绍了高压直流输电的发展概况、前景及应用,在此基础上提出了“谐波”这一热点问题,并针对当前传统的换流变压器采用的滤波方式提出了一些不足,为此很有必要探索新的滤波方式。
本文阐述了谐波分析的理论基础及谐波的基本概念,然后系统地阐述了高压直流输电换流站的交、直流侧的谐波分析,它们分别包括特征谐波、非特征谐波及其他谐波源。接着给出了谐波含量计算公式,这一部分主要是为基于新型换流变压器的实验平台的谐波分析和谐波含量计算提供理论基础。
本文阐述了新型换流变压器的接线,并详细阐述了基于新型换流变压器的HVDC系统谐波抑制原理,从磁势平衡的角度重点分析了其滤波效果,在此基础上提出了采用新型换流变压器的主要技术性能。
本文给出了无源滤波器、有源滤波器及混合滤波器的结构,并分析了它们的特性和滤波原理,为后一部分的研究提供理论指导和参考价值。
本文给出了实验平台需要用到的参数计算公式,结合实际情况,分配各滤波器的无功补偿容量。应用这些条件和公式,对实验平台的整流侧和逆变侧的滤波方式的参数分别进行计算。根据实际参数,对实验平台的整流和逆变侧运用MATLAB/Simulink分别进行建模和仿真,对比两者仿真结果,验证了采用新型换流变压器的实验平台具有的优势。最后分析了采用新型换流变压器的HVDC系统的应用前景和效益分析。
Nowadays, Three Gorges power station power transmitting of our country is constructed actively, the large-scale hydroelectric stations in western are prepared to establish ,large amount western power delivers to the eastern , and large region high voltage power grid interconnection ,which are suitable for adopting HVDC transmission line. Direct current power transmission is good in our country’s prospects for development. Converter transformer of direct current power transmission is the key technology equipment, which is not only relates to the alternating and the transmission and transportation, but also involves the run security problems and harmonic suppressing. This thesis,together with the key project 05GK1001-2 of Hunan Province -science &technology of research &manufacture of new-style converter transformer in HVDC power transmitting system, makes numbers of studies in the following aspects:
This thesis introduces prospect and application of HVDC power transmission, base on which ,it proposes a hot topic -“harmonic”. It proposes some deficiencies of filters mode that tradition converter transformer adopts, so it needs to grope for novel filtering modes.
This thesis formulas harmonic(characteristic,non-characteristic and other harmonic) analysis and level calculation of alternate current and direct current side in HVDC power transmission, which provides theory foundation for filtering equipments of HVDC system.
This thesis describes connection of novel converter transformer, and formulates in detail harmonic suppression principle in HVDC system based on novel converter transformer. From the degree of magnetic balance, it analyses effect of filtering with emphasis, based on which , it proposes main technology functions when adopts novel converter transformer.
The structure and characteristic of passive filter, active filter and hybrid filter are indicated in this thesis, in the same time, it analyses their filtering principle, which provides theory instruction and reference value for the latter part research.
In this thesis, through using these formulas, we can calculate the parameters of filter in rectify side and inverter side respectively. According to actual parameters, by means of MATLAB/Simulink, modeling and simulating the rectify side and inverter side of experiment platform respectively. By the contrast of simulation results, we can obtain many advantages when experiment platform adopts novel converter transformer. In the end, it analyzes the application prospect and benefit of the HVDC system that adopts novel converter transformer.
引文
[1] 王兆安, 杨君, 刘进军. 谐波抑制和无功功率补偿. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 1998:
[2] 吴竞昌, 孙树勤, 宋文南等. 电力系统谐波. 北京: 水利电力出版社, 1988:
[3] 王德忠.高压直流输电在我国电网发展中的作用.高电压技术,2004,30(11):11-12
[4] 赵畹君.高压直流输电工程技术.北京:中国电力出版社,2004:
[5] 朱东起, 姜新建, 马大铭. 无源和有源滤波器串联构成的并联型综合电力滤波系统. 清华大学学报, 1999, 39(3):49-52
[6] 易永亮.高压直流输电技术的应用与特点.贵州电力技术,2006,4(2):36-39
[7] 林海雪,孙树勤.电力电网中的谐波.北京:中国电力出版社,1998:
[8] 李兴源. 高压直流输电系统的运行和控制. 北京: 科学出版社, 1998:
[9] 徐政. 交直流电力系统动态行为分析. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2004:
[10] 邱关源. 电路(第四版).北京:高等教育出版社,1999:
[11] 夏道止,沈赞埙. 高压直流输电系统的谐波分析及滤波. 北京: 水利电力出版社, 1994:
[12] Akagi H, Nabae A, Atoh S. Control strategy of active power filters using multiple voltage-source PWM converters. IEEE Trans Industry Applications, 1986, 22(3): 460-465
[13] Luis Moran, etal. An APF implementation with PWM voltage-source inverters in cascade. IEEE-APEC Conference Record, 1995, 1(1):108-113
[14] Yamamoto H, etal. A new control for large capacity self-communicated inverter for power transmission use. JIEE Annual Meeting, 1996, 1(1):199-200
[15] Peng F Z, Kohata M, Akagi H. Compensation characteristics of shunt and series active filter. Proceedings of 1992 Chinese-Japanese Power Electronics Conference, 1992, 1(1):381-387
[16] Fujita H, Akagi H. An approach to harmonic current-free AC/DC power conversion for large industrial loads: the integration of a series active filter with a double-series diode rectifier. IEEE Trans Industry Applications, 1997, 33(5): 1233-1240
[17] Nabae A etal. Suppression of flicker in an arc-fumace supply system by anactive capacitance-a novel voltage stabilizer in power systems. IEEE Trans Industry Applications, 1995, 31(1): 107-111
[18] Campos A, Joos.G, Ziogas P D, Lindsay J F. Analysis and design of a series voltage unbalance compensator based on a three-phase VSI operating with unbalanced switching functions. IEEE Trans Power Electronics, 1994, 9(3): 269-274
[19] Tanaka T, Akagi H. A new method of harmonic power detection based on the instantaneous active power in three-phase circuits. IEEE Trans Power Delivery, 1995, 6(3):1737-1742
[20] 李庚银, 陈志业, 丁巧林, 等. dq0坐标系下广义瞬时无功功率定义及其补偿.中国电机工程学报, 1996, 16(3):176-179
[21] 刘进军, 刘波, 王兆安. 基于瞬时无功功率理论的串联混合型单相电力有源滤波器. 中国电机工程学报, 1997,17(1): 37-41
[22] 杨君, 王兆安, 邱关源. 单相电路谐波及无功电流的一种检测方法.电工技术学报, 1996, 11(6): 42-47
[23] 叶忠明, 董伯藩, 钱照明. 谐波电流的提取方法比较. 电力系统自动化 , 1997, 21(12) : 21-24
[24] 王群, 吴宁, 苏向丰. 有源电力滤波器谐波电流检测的一种新方法. 电工技术学报, 1997, 12(l): 1-5
[25] 冯培悌, 童梅. 基于瞬时功率理论的畸变电流(或电压)观测方法. 浙江大学学报, 2000, 34(3): 305-311
[26] 王群, 吴宁, 谢品芳. 一种基于神经元的自适应谐波电流检测法. 电力系统自动化, 1997, 21(10):13-16
[27] 姚为正, 王群, 刘进军, 等. 串联型有源电力滤波器控制方式的研究. 电工技术学报, 1999, 14(6) :47-51
[28] Peng F Z, etal. A new approach to harmonic compensation in power system. IEEE-IAS Conference Record, 1988, 1(1):874-880
[29] Cameron M M. Trends in power factor correction with harmonic filtering. IEEE Trans Industry Applications, 1993, 29 (1): 60-65
[30] Fujita H, etal. A practical approach to harmonic compensation in power systems. IEEE -IAS Annual Meeting Conference Record, 1995, 1(1):1107-1112
[31] Key T S, etal. Comparison of standards and power supply options for limiting harmonic distortion in power system. IEEE Trans Industry Applications, 1993, 29(4): 688-695
[32] C.B.瓦修京斯基.变压器的理论与计算.北京:机械工业出版社, 1993:
[33] 罗隆福,刘福生.自耦补偿和谐波屏蔽换流变压器及其应用前景.大众用电,2005,21(7):26-28
[34] 谢鹏,王善铭,王祥珩等.三绕组谐波屏蔽变压器的研究.电工电能新技术,2005,24(2):41-43
[35] Xiao Yao. Algorithm for the Parameters of Double Tuned Filter. The 8th international conference on harmonics and quality of power of IEEE, 1998,1(1):154-157
[36] 程浩忠.二阶高通电力滤波器的设计.电力电容器,1995,1(2):1-4
[37] 同 向 前 , 薛 钧 义 . 电 力 调 谐 滤 波 器 的 最 佳 偏 调 谐 设 计 . 电 工 技 术 学报,2005,20(4):98-101
[38] 吴国沛,任震,唐卓尧.高压直流输电系统双调谐滤波器特性研究. 电网技术,1999,23(8):32-34
[39] 王茂峰,李庆龙,王庆超.Matlab在无源滤波器装置计算机辅助设计中的应用.节能技术,2004,22(126):21-23
[40] 罗 隆 福 , 俞 华 等 . 双 调 谐 滤 波 器 的 参 数 研 究 及 其 仿 真 . 电 力 自 动 化 设备,2006,26(10):25-27
[41] 苏金明 ,张莲花 ,刘波等 .MATLAB 工具箱应用 .北京 :机械工业出版社,2004:
[42] 张志文,熊芝耀,刘福生. 多功能平衡变压器的等值电路.电工技术学报,2002, 17(1):28-30
[43] 罗隆福 ,李季 ,许加柱 ,等 .基于新型换流变压器的谐波治理研究 .高压电器,2006,42(2):96-98
[2] 吴竞昌, 孙树勤, 宋文南等. 电力系统谐波. 北京: 水利电力出版社, 1988:
[3] 王德忠.高压直流输电在我国电网发展中的作用.高电压技术,2004,30(11):11-12
[4] 赵畹君.高压直流输电工程技术.北京:中国电力出版社,2004:
[5] 朱东起, 姜新建, 马大铭. 无源和有源滤波器串联构成的并联型综合电力滤波系统. 清华大学学报, 1999, 39(3):49-52
[6] 易永亮.高压直流输电技术的应用与特点.贵州电力技术,2006,4(2):36-39
[7] 林海雪,孙树勤.电力电网中的谐波.北京:中国电力出版社,1998:
[8] 李兴源. 高压直流输电系统的运行和控制. 北京: 科学出版社, 1998:
[9] 徐政. 交直流电力系统动态行为分析. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2004:
[10] 邱关源. 电路(第四版).北京:高等教育出版社,1999:
[11] 夏道止,沈赞埙. 高压直流输电系统的谐波分析及滤波. 北京: 水利电力出版社, 1994:
[12] Akagi H, Nabae A, Atoh S. Control strategy of active power filters using multiple voltage-source PWM converters. IEEE Trans Industry Applications, 1986, 22(3): 460-465
[13] Luis Moran, etal. An APF implementation with PWM voltage-source inverters in cascade. IEEE-APEC Conference Record, 1995, 1(1):108-113
[14] Yamamoto H, etal. A new control for large capacity self-communicated inverter for power transmission use. JIEE Annual Meeting, 1996, 1(1):199-200
[15] Peng F Z, Kohata M, Akagi H. Compensation characteristics of shunt and series active filter. Proceedings of 1992 Chinese-Japanese Power Electronics Conference, 1992, 1(1):381-387
[16] Fujita H, Akagi H. An approach to harmonic current-free AC/DC power conversion for large industrial loads: the integration of a series active filter with a double-series diode rectifier. IEEE Trans Industry Applications, 1997, 33(5): 1233-1240
[17] Nabae A etal. Suppression of flicker in an arc-fumace supply system by anactive capacitance-a novel voltage stabilizer in power systems. IEEE Trans Industry Applications, 1995, 31(1): 107-111
[18] Campos A, Joos.G, Ziogas P D, Lindsay J F. Analysis and design of a series voltage unbalance compensator based on a three-phase VSI operating with unbalanced switching functions. IEEE Trans Power Electronics, 1994, 9(3): 269-274
[19] Tanaka T, Akagi H. A new method of harmonic power detection based on the instantaneous active power in three-phase circuits. IEEE Trans Power Delivery, 1995, 6(3):1737-1742
[20] 李庚银, 陈志业, 丁巧林, 等. dq0坐标系下广义瞬时无功功率定义及其补偿.中国电机工程学报, 1996, 16(3):176-179
[21] 刘进军, 刘波, 王兆安. 基于瞬时无功功率理论的串联混合型单相电力有源滤波器. 中国电机工程学报, 1997,17(1): 37-41
[22] 杨君, 王兆安, 邱关源. 单相电路谐波及无功电流的一种检测方法.电工技术学报, 1996, 11(6): 42-47
[23] 叶忠明, 董伯藩, 钱照明. 谐波电流的提取方法比较. 电力系统自动化 , 1997, 21(12) : 21-24
[24] 王群, 吴宁, 苏向丰. 有源电力滤波器谐波电流检测的一种新方法. 电工技术学报, 1997, 12(l): 1-5
[25] 冯培悌, 童梅. 基于瞬时功率理论的畸变电流(或电压)观测方法. 浙江大学学报, 2000, 34(3): 305-311
[26] 王群, 吴宁, 谢品芳. 一种基于神经元的自适应谐波电流检测法. 电力系统自动化, 1997, 21(10):13-16
[27] 姚为正, 王群, 刘进军, 等. 串联型有源电力滤波器控制方式的研究. 电工技术学报, 1999, 14(6) :47-51
[28] Peng F Z, etal. A new approach to harmonic compensation in power system. IEEE-IAS Conference Record, 1988, 1(1):874-880
[29] Cameron M M. Trends in power factor correction with harmonic filtering. IEEE Trans Industry Applications, 1993, 29 (1): 60-65
[30] Fujita H, etal. A practical approach to harmonic compensation in power systems. IEEE -IAS Annual Meeting Conference Record, 1995, 1(1):1107-1112
[31] Key T S, etal. Comparison of standards and power supply options for limiting harmonic distortion in power system. IEEE Trans Industry Applications, 1993, 29(4): 688-695
[32] C.B.瓦修京斯基.变压器的理论与计算.北京:机械工业出版社, 1993:
[33] 罗隆福,刘福生.自耦补偿和谐波屏蔽换流变压器及其应用前景.大众用电,2005,21(7):26-28
[34] 谢鹏,王善铭,王祥珩等.三绕组谐波屏蔽变压器的研究.电工电能新技术,2005,24(2):41-43
[35] Xiao Yao. Algorithm for the Parameters of Double Tuned Filter. The 8th international conference on harmonics and quality of power of IEEE, 1998,1(1):154-157
[36] 程浩忠.二阶高通电力滤波器的设计.电力电容器,1995,1(2):1-4
[37] 同 向 前 , 薛 钧 义 . 电 力 调 谐 滤 波 器 的 最 佳 偏 调 谐 设 计 . 电 工 技 术 学报,2005,20(4):98-101
[38] 吴国沛,任震,唐卓尧.高压直流输电系统双调谐滤波器特性研究. 电网技术,1999,23(8):32-34
[39] 王茂峰,李庆龙,王庆超.Matlab在无源滤波器装置计算机辅助设计中的应用.节能技术,2004,22(126):21-23
[40] 罗 隆 福 , 俞 华 等 . 双 调 谐 滤 波 器 的 参 数 研 究 及 其 仿 真 . 电 力 自 动 化 设备,2006,26(10):25-27
[41] 苏金明 ,张莲花 ,刘波等 .MATLAB 工具箱应用 .北京 :机械工业出版社,2004:
[42] 张志文,熊芝耀,刘福生. 多功能平衡变压器的等值电路.电工技术学报,2002, 17(1):28-30
[43] 罗隆福 ,李季 ,许加柱 ,等 .基于新型换流变压器的谐波治理研究 .高压电器,2006,42(2):96-98