日冕物质抛射及相关太阳活动的观测研究
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摘要
太阳是宇宙中距离地球最近的恒星。在宇宙所有的恒星中,她显得非常的普通,然而她与人类的关系却最为密切。正是太阳的光和热孕育了地球上的所有生命,并维持着它们生命活动所必需的环境。同时,太阳上的爆发活动和周期性变化也直接影响着人类的生存环境。这种影响有时候是有利的,但有时却是具有破坏性的。
日冕物质抛射(CME)是太阳大气中最剧烈、尺度最大的活动现象之一。它能在短时间内从日冕抛出约10~(11)～10~(13)kg携带磁场的物质进入行星际空间。当它沿着日地连线抛射时,将可能引起地磁场的强烈扰动。它有时甚至会造成短波无线电通信中断、供电系统破坏、空间飞行器发生故障等破坏性的影响,并且在一定程度上影响着航空航天事业的发展。CME一直都在不断地发生,但人类对它的认识历史却非常的短。早期人们对CME的了解仅限于日食发生时的短暂时刻,在天空实验室(Skylab)和太阳和日球层天文台(SOHO)投入使用后,才使得它成为可持续观测的现象。目前我们对CME的理解还不够深入。为避免更多CME事件对人类造成灾难性破坏,因此我们首先必须理解并掌握它在产生、传播以及对地影响过程中的物理机制,然后对其进行预报,为我们的生产和生活服务。
基于大量文献的调研,本论文总结了前人对CME的研究成果,并详细研究了全文主要内容和结构安排如下:第一章是CME概述,简单介绍CME的一些主要观测特性和统计特征以及现有的主要理论模型。第二章介绍了几类与CME的形成有关的太阳表面活动和与CME爆发伴随的波动现象以及日冕暗区等。第三章是我们详细研究的一个CME爆发事件,通过这个爆发事件来简单说明与CME的起源和初始阶段相关的日面活动以及与CME爆发相关的发生在日面上的伴随现象,并简单讨论了这些日面活动和伴随现象与CME的关系。第四章对全文进行总结,讨论CME研究中还存在的主要问题并作前景展望。
The Sun is the nearest star from the Earth and very ordinary among all stars in the universe. However, the relationship between the sun and human is the closest. The sun's light and heat give birth to all lives on Earth, and maintain human activities, which is necessary for people's living environment. Activities and cycle variations of the sun have a direct impact on the living environment of mankind. Sometimes this influence is beneficial, but sometimes it is destructive.
Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are the most impressive large-scale phenomena occurring on the Sun, which carried about 10~(11)～10~(13) kg magnetized plasma expelled from the sun into interplanetary space in a short period of time. When the ejection is earth-directed, it may lead to a significant disturbance of the earth's magnetic field. Sometimes it could result in the interruption of radio communication, disruption of power grid, the failure of the spacecraft, crew safety as well as harm the development of aerospace. CMEs have been with us ever since the existence of the solar system, yet only in the past century and a half, do they make themselves known to us in that way. The early understanding of the CMEs just limited to the moment when solar eclipses occurred. They became a continuously observable phenomenon only since the Skylab and SOHO era. At present, our understanding of CMEs is not enough. Therefore, understanding CMEs is thus important in protecting ourselves from the CME's potentially devastating effects.
Based on a massive document survey and study, we summarized the previous research results on CMEs in chapter one and chapter two. Chapter one includes the observational and statistical properties of CMEs and the main theoretical models of it. Chapter two includes the associated activities and the accompanying phenomena on the solar surface. In chapter three, we studied a eruptive event that involved in a filament eruption, the expansion and eruption of the overlying coronal loops and the formation of a coronal dimming region close to the preexisting eruptive filament. It showed that the CME had a close spatial and temporal relationship with these surface activities, and possibly suggested that the CME was directly originated from the filament and loop's eruption, and the dimming region may supplied mass to it. The chapter four is a summary of this thesis, the open problems of CMEs and the prospects of our future work.
日冕物质抛射(CME)是太阳大气中最剧烈、尺度最大的活动现象之一。它能在短时间内从日冕抛出约10~(11)～10~(13)kg携带磁场的物质进入行星际空间。当它沿着日地连线抛射时,将可能引起地磁场的强烈扰动。它有时甚至会造成短波无线电通信中断、供电系统破坏、空间飞行器发生故障等破坏性的影响,并且在一定程度上影响着航空航天事业的发展。CME一直都在不断地发生,但人类对它的认识历史却非常的短。早期人们对CME的了解仅限于日食发生时的短暂时刻,在天空实验室(Skylab)和太阳和日球层天文台(SOHO)投入使用后,才使得它成为可持续观测的现象。目前我们对CME的理解还不够深入。为避免更多CME事件对人类造成灾难性破坏,因此我们首先必须理解并掌握它在产生、传播以及对地影响过程中的物理机制,然后对其进行预报,为我们的生产和生活服务。
基于大量文献的调研,本论文总结了前人对CME的研究成果,并详细研究了全文主要内容和结构安排如下:第一章是CME概述,简单介绍CME的一些主要观测特性和统计特征以及现有的主要理论模型。第二章介绍了几类与CME的形成有关的太阳表面活动和与CME爆发伴随的波动现象以及日冕暗区等。第三章是我们详细研究的一个CME爆发事件,通过这个爆发事件来简单说明与CME的起源和初始阶段相关的日面活动以及与CME爆发相关的发生在日面上的伴随现象,并简单讨论了这些日面活动和伴随现象与CME的关系。第四章对全文进行总结,讨论CME研究中还存在的主要问题并作前景展望。
The Sun is the nearest star from the Earth and very ordinary among all stars in the universe. However, the relationship between the sun and human is the closest. The sun's light and heat give birth to all lives on Earth, and maintain human activities, which is necessary for people's living environment. Activities and cycle variations of the sun have a direct impact on the living environment of mankind. Sometimes this influence is beneficial, but sometimes it is destructive.
Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are the most impressive large-scale phenomena occurring on the Sun, which carried about 10~(11)～10~(13) kg magnetized plasma expelled from the sun into interplanetary space in a short period of time. When the ejection is earth-directed, it may lead to a significant disturbance of the earth's magnetic field. Sometimes it could result in the interruption of radio communication, disruption of power grid, the failure of the spacecraft, crew safety as well as harm the development of aerospace. CMEs have been with us ever since the existence of the solar system, yet only in the past century and a half, do they make themselves known to us in that way. The early understanding of the CMEs just limited to the moment when solar eclipses occurred. They became a continuously observable phenomenon only since the Skylab and SOHO era. At present, our understanding of CMEs is not enough. Therefore, understanding CMEs is thus important in protecting ourselves from the CME's potentially devastating effects.
Based on a massive document survey and study, we summarized the previous research results on CMEs in chapter one and chapter two. Chapter one includes the observational and statistical properties of CMEs and the main theoretical models of it. Chapter two includes the associated activities and the accompanying phenomena on the solar surface. In chapter three, we studied a eruptive event that involved in a filament eruption, the expansion and eruption of the overlying coronal loops and the formation of a coronal dimming region close to the preexisting eruptive filament. It showed that the CME had a close spatial and temporal relationship with these surface activities, and possibly suggested that the CME was directly originated from the filament and loop's eruption, and the dimming region may supplied mass to it. The chapter four is a summary of this thesis, the open problems of CMEs and the prospects of our future work.
引文
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