VOIP技术在中小企业中的应用
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摘要
在2000年以后VOIP技术就开始从神秘状态转入大规模的应用,特别是针对中小用户业务开展的是如火如荼,网络电话的技术也有了长足的进步,无论是相关的网络设备,用以通讯的协议都逐步走向成熟期,用网络电话取代模拟电话不再是一个空想和假设。网络电话这个不为人熟悉的名称已经从幕后走到了千家万户。而网络电话的普及也改变了传统运营商的思维模式,现在,利用网络的优势改变传统的通讯模式是摆在运营商面前的一个课题。依照信息产业部2003年2月公布的《电信业务分类目录》,只有具有基础电信业务经营资格的6大运营商,才能经营落地的VOIP业务,目前只允许电信和网通在几个城市开展试点PC to Phone方式的网络电话业务,其他任何单位和个人都不得从事这项业务,但这让我们已经看到了政策松动的苗头,开展试点就说明信息产业部已经意识到PC to Phone方式的VOIP巨大生命力。
本文在分析了上述状况后,在第一章介绍了VOIP的发展历程、发展动力及近几年VOIP在国内外发展的趋势;在第二章结合这几年开展网络电话业务的实际经验,详细介绍什么是VOIP的原理、VOIP的架构及传输过程以及VOIP的几大主流协议(h323,sip2.0等)以及实现VOIP所需要的设备;第三章介绍了VOIP的应用现状、产品平台、发展趋势、VOIP手机业务;第四章介绍了形势多样的VOIP业务,从中小企业用户需求分析去搭建VOIP网络,并介绍如何利用VOIP技术,并充分考虑利用现有的系统资源,提供可预测的、实时的、长途电话质量的语音服务;第五章,总结了VOIP业务,并对VOIP业务进行了展望。
VOIP phones in our country's development has been "a bright future, twists and turns constantly." VOIP Internet telephony in the country has experienced numerous cold of winter, in recent years a large number of VOIP phone operator in China, "stampede" and fell down and back on its feet, some VOIP phone manufacturers are only short-lived, such as the Progressive years, "10000 people fans "and" little bees ", Unicom-line pass and some other manufacturers are operating in a short time after the change due to various reasons out of the market, but there are a number of financial and technical strength of the VOIP Internet phone operator companies have been insisting to the present, because they have been the vast and optimistic about our domestic market is full of temptation, and many VOIP Internet phone operator, not only with the development of Internet technology, technically up to date, timely breakthrough in the face of adversity to become the domestic VOIP Internet phones have developed a strong backbone of the most , SKYPE, and KC Internet telephony capabilities such as Internet telephony operators, they have occupied 80% of the domestic VOIP Internet phone market share has reached an unprecedented height.
Bring to SMEs and the VOIP telephone call charges to millions of households are more tangible benefits to the domestic long-distance calls using VOIP telephone tariff is 0.1 yuan / minute, the actual operating costs lower, and the various forms of value-added services, such as messaging, SMS blasts, e-mail sending and receiving confidential electronic document transmission, smart card-type bulk import contacts diversification of network traffic management capabilities which are derived from the VOIP technology.
This phone from the network development process began, introduced the development process of the network phone from the PC TO PC calls pattern began to develop into the IP TO PSTN and IP TO IP in many forms. The development of VOIP Internet technology maturity, a substantial increase in Internet users is also a VOIP driving force behind the development of various forms of VOIP users value-added services to bring more and more end-benefits. Voice and integrated services is a trend towards IP-based, while the use of VOIP in the international community has been very popular in the country is also a household name, look at a variety of instant messaging software, such as we are familiar with the QQ, SKYPE, MSN, etc. have been all over the access to the Internet of each computer, these operators that they looked forward to become the world's largest VOIP operator. Therefore, the challenge to traditional telecommunications business VOIP service, if there is government support, strong operator participation in the operation, put into large-scale commercialization will achieve its maximum value of VOIP phones.
In fact, the basic principles of VOIP through IP technology to deliver voice, but because conditions are different for each user's network, the network voice telephone transmission process includes: first voice data compression, coding, and then transmitted to the destination through the network, after decompress and restore the original speech signal into the process. A complete VOIP framework requires four elements: media gateways, media gateway controllers, signaling gateways, voice server. In the vast network of how to find each other, then rely on the international telecommunications organizations developed the standards, which applied in the field of VOIP phones key protocols to H.323, it is independent with the operating system and hardware platform, not dependent on the network structure is very suitable for phone-to-phone VOIP through the gateway of this work, has become a standard VOIP. SIP protocol combines the traditional voice services and value-added services, including video services and high-reliability and fault tolerance, in addition to VOIP phone has been widely used in multimedia conferencing and distance learning and other fields. In addition to these two kinds of agreement and there is a MGCP protocol has nothing to do with the IP telephone network is only related to the gateway decomposition of problems, you can at the same time for more than two kinds of protocols used in VOIP systems, more in line with the needs of telecom operators. Market, the greater use of ITU-U launch of G.711 and G.729 to ensure that VOIP call quality and transmission efficiency. In order to make more sense of the traditional VOIP phone, VOIP phone call from the software developed to VOIP gateway and VOIP phones, VOIP PBX and other forms of products that allow VOIP-sharing networks have the wiring, flexible deployment, easy management, but also enterprise free calls between the internal display of the PSTN can not compare with distinct characteristics.
VOIP phone service at this stage include: long-distance VOIP traffic, broadband telephone traffic, business voice, NGN. Of its product platform, including ATA, CPE; small and medium enterprises in the IP phone; WI-FI handset; with cellular and WLAN enabled dual-mode phone VOIP. In 2008, after reorganization of the telecommunications operators have become a full-service operators, so the future of mobile phones in China can also be integrated on a number of VOIP services, such as WI-FI on the phone application, which has launched a VOIP service more market. Now VOIP phone service is the industry known as "walking a fine line" However, with increased penetration VOIP, technological development, the Government's attention, the present regulatory authorities have to adjust the policy, VOIP services will usher in a brighter spring.
This article is also to small and medium enterprises in the VOIP phone applications as an example, describes how the VOIP phone application in the enterprise. After the use of VOIP phones can be achieved: net calls free of charge; that the various branches of business, whether with local or remote, can talk with each other without any cost; off-site call out telephone; off-site calls between the wish to, you can dial into the callee's VOIP device, and then dial the phone by the caller, so that the costs incurred is the local telephone costs, savings in costs;-network call; from outside the local dial-up to the remote extension, the actual payment is the local telephone costs; net call each other; can be achieved outside the local dial an outside line remote, only need to pay the local costs of the two places. VOIP is also a wide range of domestic applications in the word for it, government, finance and insurance, logistics management, call center and other places.
End of this article describes VOIP phone market prospects and market outlook, in May 2008 after 23 Telecom was restructured to form a new pattern. As low-cost VOIP phone would result in diversion of traditional voice services but also to change the operating pattern of the market, although the traditional long-distance operators to reduce tariffs, and VOIP phones, but there is no advantage compared with tariffs. Because of the technical features of VOIP phones, with the policy of liberalization, VOIP phones will become a platform for a large number of value-added services, telephone services space will keep rising.
本文在分析了上述状况后,在第一章介绍了VOIP的发展历程、发展动力及近几年VOIP在国内外发展的趋势;在第二章结合这几年开展网络电话业务的实际经验,详细介绍什么是VOIP的原理、VOIP的架构及传输过程以及VOIP的几大主流协议(h323,sip2.0等)以及实现VOIP所需要的设备;第三章介绍了VOIP的应用现状、产品平台、发展趋势、VOIP手机业务;第四章介绍了形势多样的VOIP业务,从中小企业用户需求分析去搭建VOIP网络,并介绍如何利用VOIP技术,并充分考虑利用现有的系统资源,提供可预测的、实时的、长途电话质量的语音服务;第五章,总结了VOIP业务,并对VOIP业务进行了展望。
VOIP phones in our country's development has been "a bright future, twists and turns constantly." VOIP Internet telephony in the country has experienced numerous cold of winter, in recent years a large number of VOIP phone operator in China, "stampede" and fell down and back on its feet, some VOIP phone manufacturers are only short-lived, such as the Progressive years, "10000 people fans "and" little bees ", Unicom-line pass and some other manufacturers are operating in a short time after the change due to various reasons out of the market, but there are a number of financial and technical strength of the VOIP Internet phone operator companies have been insisting to the present, because they have been the vast and optimistic about our domestic market is full of temptation, and many VOIP Internet phone operator, not only with the development of Internet technology, technically up to date, timely breakthrough in the face of adversity to become the domestic VOIP Internet phones have developed a strong backbone of the most , SKYPE, and KC Internet telephony capabilities such as Internet telephony operators, they have occupied 80% of the domestic VOIP Internet phone market share has reached an unprecedented height.
Bring to SMEs and the VOIP telephone call charges to millions of households are more tangible benefits to the domestic long-distance calls using VOIP telephone tariff is 0.1 yuan / minute, the actual operating costs lower, and the various forms of value-added services, such as messaging, SMS blasts, e-mail sending and receiving confidential electronic document transmission, smart card-type bulk import contacts diversification of network traffic management capabilities which are derived from the VOIP technology.
This phone from the network development process began, introduced the development process of the network phone from the PC TO PC calls pattern began to develop into the IP TO PSTN and IP TO IP in many forms. The development of VOIP Internet technology maturity, a substantial increase in Internet users is also a VOIP driving force behind the development of various forms of VOIP users value-added services to bring more and more end-benefits. Voice and integrated services is a trend towards IP-based, while the use of VOIP in the international community has been very popular in the country is also a household name, look at a variety of instant messaging software, such as we are familiar with the QQ, SKYPE, MSN, etc. have been all over the access to the Internet of each computer, these operators that they looked forward to become the world's largest VOIP operator. Therefore, the challenge to traditional telecommunications business VOIP service, if there is government support, strong operator participation in the operation, put into large-scale commercialization will achieve its maximum value of VOIP phones.
In fact, the basic principles of VOIP through IP technology to deliver voice, but because conditions are different for each user's network, the network voice telephone transmission process includes: first voice data compression, coding, and then transmitted to the destination through the network, after decompress and restore the original speech signal into the process. A complete VOIP framework requires four elements: media gateways, media gateway controllers, signaling gateways, voice server. In the vast network of how to find each other, then rely on the international telecommunications organizations developed the standards, which applied in the field of VOIP phones key protocols to H.323, it is independent with the operating system and hardware platform, not dependent on the network structure is very suitable for phone-to-phone VOIP through the gateway of this work, has become a standard VOIP. SIP protocol combines the traditional voice services and value-added services, including video services and high-reliability and fault tolerance, in addition to VOIP phone has been widely used in multimedia conferencing and distance learning and other fields. In addition to these two kinds of agreement and there is a MGCP protocol has nothing to do with the IP telephone network is only related to the gateway decomposition of problems, you can at the same time for more than two kinds of protocols used in VOIP systems, more in line with the needs of telecom operators. Market, the greater use of ITU-U launch of G.711 and G.729 to ensure that VOIP call quality and transmission efficiency. In order to make more sense of the traditional VOIP phone, VOIP phone call from the software developed to VOIP gateway and VOIP phones, VOIP PBX and other forms of products that allow VOIP-sharing networks have the wiring, flexible deployment, easy management, but also enterprise free calls between the internal display of the PSTN can not compare with distinct characteristics.
VOIP phone service at this stage include: long-distance VOIP traffic, broadband telephone traffic, business voice, NGN. Of its product platform, including ATA, CPE; small and medium enterprises in the IP phone; WI-FI handset; with cellular and WLAN enabled dual-mode phone VOIP. In 2008, after reorganization of the telecommunications operators have become a full-service operators, so the future of mobile phones in China can also be integrated on a number of VOIP services, such as WI-FI on the phone application, which has launched a VOIP service more market. Now VOIP phone service is the industry known as "walking a fine line" However, with increased penetration VOIP, technological development, the Government's attention, the present regulatory authorities have to adjust the policy, VOIP services will usher in a brighter spring.
This article is also to small and medium enterprises in the VOIP phone applications as an example, describes how the VOIP phone application in the enterprise. After the use of VOIP phones can be achieved: net calls free of charge; that the various branches of business, whether with local or remote, can talk with each other without any cost; off-site call out telephone; off-site calls between the wish to, you can dial into the callee's VOIP device, and then dial the phone by the caller, so that the costs incurred is the local telephone costs, savings in costs;-network call; from outside the local dial-up to the remote extension, the actual payment is the local telephone costs; net call each other; can be achieved outside the local dial an outside line remote, only need to pay the local costs of the two places. VOIP is also a wide range of domestic applications in the word for it, government, finance and insurance, logistics management, call center and other places.
End of this article describes VOIP phone market prospects and market outlook, in May 2008 after 23 Telecom was restructured to form a new pattern. As low-cost VOIP phone would result in diversion of traditional voice services but also to change the operating pattern of the market, although the traditional long-distance operators to reduce tariffs, and VOIP phones, but there is no advantage compared with tariffs. Because of the technical features of VOIP phones, with the policy of liberalization, VOIP phones will become a platform for a large number of value-added services, telephone services space will keep rising.
引文
[1]王爱国李建华等.《计算机网络原理与网络工程》高等教育出版社2002
[2]杨光陈越,《VOIP技术在城域网中的应用方案探讨》,有线电视技术
[3] [美]戴维森,[美]福克斯.部署VOIP解决方案.人民邮电出版社2003
[4]刘洪林.蒋昌茂.IP语音通讯原理、设计及组网应用电子工业出版2009
[5]张琦.《案例精解企业级网络构建》电子工业出版社. 2008.7
[6]张沙沙,《基于软交换的VOIP信令协议研究与应用》,武汉理工大学,2006,12
[7]彭东,《VOIP技术应用实例》,江西通信科技信息,2006,4
[8]刘志军,《软交换技术协议SIP及其在VOIP中应用》,微计算机信息,2006.6
[9]王宇飞.一种基于HTTP摘要认证的SIP安全通信系统的实现[D].成都.电子科技大学,2005
[10]王彤.企业Intranet建设[D].大连:大连理工大学2002
[11]周伟朋张毅王海. VOIP技术与WI-FI结合的未来探讨.计算机技术与发展2007.3月
[12]史志君.煤炭企业计算机局域网络规划与设计[J].煤炭科技, 1997
[13]王林平.高速局域网规划理论初探[J].计算机工程与应用.1998
[14]邱敏.中小型局域网的组网与管理[J].现代计算机(专业版),2007
[15]谭柯,全惠民.局域网组建与管理手册[M].北京:中国青年出版社2003
[16]沈鑫剡.多媒体传输网络与VOIP系统设计.北京.人民邮电出版社2003
[17]刘正勇.企业网系统集成技术与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2002
[18] Walter J.Goralski//舒华英. IP电话原理技术应用.人民邮电出版社2000
[2]杨光陈越,《VOIP技术在城域网中的应用方案探讨》,有线电视技术
[3] [美]戴维森,[美]福克斯.部署VOIP解决方案.人民邮电出版社2003
[4]刘洪林.蒋昌茂.IP语音通讯原理、设计及组网应用电子工业出版2009
[5]张琦.《案例精解企业级网络构建》电子工业出版社. 2008.7
[6]张沙沙,《基于软交换的VOIP信令协议研究与应用》,武汉理工大学,2006,12
[7]彭东,《VOIP技术应用实例》,江西通信科技信息,2006,4
[8]刘志军,《软交换技术协议SIP及其在VOIP中应用》,微计算机信息,2006.6
[9]王宇飞.一种基于HTTP摘要认证的SIP安全通信系统的实现[D].成都.电子科技大学,2005
[10]王彤.企业Intranet建设[D].大连:大连理工大学2002
[11]周伟朋张毅王海. VOIP技术与WI-FI结合的未来探讨.计算机技术与发展2007.3月
[12]史志君.煤炭企业计算机局域网络规划与设计[J].煤炭科技, 1997
[13]王林平.高速局域网规划理论初探[J].计算机工程与应用.1998
[14]邱敏.中小型局域网的组网与管理[J].现代计算机(专业版),2007
[15]谭柯,全惠民.局域网组建与管理手册[M].北京:中国青年出版社2003
[16]沈鑫剡.多媒体传输网络与VOIP系统设计.北京.人民邮电出版社2003
[17]刘正勇.企业网系统集成技术与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2002
[18] Walter J.Goralski//舒华英. IP电话原理技术应用.人民邮电出版社2000