浮空器飞控系统的多学科设计优化
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摘要
多学科设计优化技术(MDO)是针对复杂工程问题的优化提出的一种方法,目前主要应用在航空航天业的复杂产品的设计优化问题上。浮空器一般是指比重轻于空气的、依靠大气浮力升空的飞行器。随着科技的不断发展,浮空器在全球的宽带连接、空间观测、大气测量、全球资源监控以及军事侦察等方面的需求将会数不胜数。本文对多学科设计优化技术体系和方法应用进行了研究,并在此基础上将多学科设计优化技术和方法引入自动控制系统设计领域,实现了PID控制系统和浮空器飞控系统的多学科设计优化,有效地提高了系统的性能。
本文首选综述了国内外关于多学科设计优化技术方法的理论及工程应用的现状,对多学科设计优化技术体系做了详细的介绍,论述了多学科设计优化技术体系的定义、组成及实质,重点总结了目前存在的多学科优化方法,并对每个方法的流程和特点进行了分析。然后选取最为常用的两类多学科优化方法应用于某导弹设计优化方案,分析了优化过程和优化结果,验证了学科分解,系统解耦等多学科优化方法的可行性和有效性。同时使用iSIGHT中不同的优化算法对设计方案进行了探索优化,并对结果进行分析,取得了良好的效果。最后将matlab和Simulink与多学科优化软件iSIGHT集成,实现了对任意复杂三阶系统的PID控制系统的优化仿真,并且能通过该仿真系统寻找特定优化目标下的最优PID参数,实现了自动寻优。文章最后研究了六自由度的浮空器飞行控制系统数学模型,并对其进行降阶简化并仿真,运用已得到的matlab/iSIGHT联合仿真优化系统对其进行探索性的优化设计,取得了一定的优化效果,进一步实现了自动控制系统设计的自动化。
Multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) is a method developed for complicated engineering problem, which is mainly used in aeronautics and astronautics. It has developed rapidly and has attracted lot of interest in domestic and international scale. Airship is often used to represent a kind of aircraft which is lighter than the air and ascends depending on buoyancy. With the development of advanced technology, airship is going to be used in more and more occasions such as the global internet、atmosphere measuring、global resource monitoring and military scout. This dissertation focuses on the usage of MDO, and combines MDO with control system design, achieve the optimization goal for a PID control system and a flight control system for airship.
The paper first introduces the research on MDO nowadays and its use on different realm、defines the method、summarizes all the MDO technology today and analysis their features. Afterwards, it uses two wildly used MDO methods to optimize a design case on a kind of rocket. Therefore, the feasibility and validity of MDO is proved. At the end of this part, compares different optimization searching method in iSIGHT and comes into some useful conclusions. Then the dissertation combines matlab、Simulink in iSIGHT platform, uses this platform and MDO method to search best design of a PID system. At last, the dissertation introduces an airship model of six degrees of freedom and uses the platform given to optimize it, comes into some useful conclusions.
本文首选综述了国内外关于多学科设计优化技术方法的理论及工程应用的现状,对多学科设计优化技术体系做了详细的介绍,论述了多学科设计优化技术体系的定义、组成及实质,重点总结了目前存在的多学科优化方法,并对每个方法的流程和特点进行了分析。然后选取最为常用的两类多学科优化方法应用于某导弹设计优化方案,分析了优化过程和优化结果,验证了学科分解,系统解耦等多学科优化方法的可行性和有效性。同时使用iSIGHT中不同的优化算法对设计方案进行了探索优化,并对结果进行分析,取得了良好的效果。最后将matlab和Simulink与多学科优化软件iSIGHT集成,实现了对任意复杂三阶系统的PID控制系统的优化仿真,并且能通过该仿真系统寻找特定优化目标下的最优PID参数,实现了自动寻优。文章最后研究了六自由度的浮空器飞行控制系统数学模型,并对其进行降阶简化并仿真,运用已得到的matlab/iSIGHT联合仿真优化系统对其进行探索性的优化设计,取得了一定的优化效果,进一步实现了自动控制系统设计的自动化。
Multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) is a method developed for complicated engineering problem, which is mainly used in aeronautics and astronautics. It has developed rapidly and has attracted lot of interest in domestic and international scale. Airship is often used to represent a kind of aircraft which is lighter than the air and ascends depending on buoyancy. With the development of advanced technology, airship is going to be used in more and more occasions such as the global internet、atmosphere measuring、global resource monitoring and military scout. This dissertation focuses on the usage of MDO, and combines MDO with control system design, achieve the optimization goal for a PID control system and a flight control system for airship.
The paper first introduces the research on MDO nowadays and its use on different realm、defines the method、summarizes all the MDO technology today and analysis their features. Afterwards, it uses two wildly used MDO methods to optimize a design case on a kind of rocket. Therefore, the feasibility and validity of MDO is proved. At the end of this part, compares different optimization searching method in iSIGHT and comes into some useful conclusions. Then the dissertation combines matlab、Simulink in iSIGHT platform, uses this platform and MDO method to search best design of a PID system. At last, the dissertation introduces an airship model of six degrees of freedom and uses the platform given to optimize it, comes into some useful conclusions.
引文
[1] Sobieszanski-Sobieski J. Sensitivity of optimum solutions to problem parameters. AIAA-81-0 458.
[2] Kroo I, Valerie M .Collaborative optimization: status and directions. AIAA-2000-4721.
[3]陈宝林.最优化理论与算法.清华大学出版社. 2003
[4]余雄庆,丁运亮,多学科设计优化算法及其在飞行器设计中应用.航空学报.2000, 21 (1):1-6
[5] Kroo L, Altus S, Braun R.D., Gage E, and Sobieski, I. Multidisciplinary Optimization Method s for Aircraft Preliminary Design. AIAA 94-4325
[6] Ba11ing, R. J. and Sobieszczanski-Sobieski, J. An algorithm for solving the system-level problem in multilevel optimization. NASAC R-195015, December 1994
[7] Kodryalam, S. Evaluation of Methods for Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO), Phase I, NASACR-1998-208716
[8] Patrick N.Koch, J.P.Evans, David Powell. Interdigitation for Effective Design Space Exploration Using iSIGHT [J].Journal of Structure and Multidisciplinary Optimization. 2002.3:111- 126
[9] Engineering Ltd. iSIGHT---多学科设计优化集成平台[M].CAD/CAM与制造业信息化,2003.12
[10]龚春林,多学科优化技术研究,西北工业大学,硕士学位论文,20043
[11]郭建,多学科设计优化技术研究,西北工业大学,硕士学位论文,20013
[12]胡峪,飞机多学科设计优化及其应用研究,西北工业大学,博士学位论文,2001.
[13]潘雷,某型地空导弹的多学科设计优化研究,西北工业大学,硕士学位论文,2007.
[14]孙侠生,飞机多学科综合优化设计技术研究,西北工业大学,博士学位论文,20005
[15]黄忠霖,周向明。控制系统MATLAB计算与仿真实训。北京:国防工业出版社。2006
[16]谷良贤,龚春林,宋寒冰.协作优化方法的计算特性及其应用范围研究[J],空间科学学报, 2002年增刊.
[17]谷良贤,宋寒冰,龚春林.协作优化算法及其在飞行器设计中的应用[J],弹箭与制导学报, 2002.9.
[18]胡峪,李为吉.飞机多学科设计的分级优化方法,西北工业大学学报,2001, 19(1):144-147.
[19]范丽,周洪伟,张育林,飞行器多学科优化设计中基于产品模型的数据集成,中国空间科学技术,2002,4.
[20]何麟书,王书河,张玉珠.飞行器多学科综合设计新算法[J],2004,25(5):465-469.
[21]谷良贤,龚春林.多学科设计集成环境的模式和应用[J],宇航学报,2004,25(4):459-463.
[22]陈小前.飞行器总体优化设计理论与应用研究[D],长沙:国防科技大学,,2001.
[23]郭健.多学科设计优化技术研究[J],西安:西北工业大学,2001.
[24] Engineous software, Inc. User guide for iSIGHT. November 2004
[25]李哲,马忠辉.多学科优化设计在航空航天领域的应用及发展,2004,25 (3):65-70.
[26]薛飞,地空导弹设计的协同优化方法及其计算环境研究,南京航空航天大学,硕士学位论文,2004.1
[27]杨军,远程战术火箭内外弹道一体化优化设计,西北工业大学,硕士学位论文,1996
[28]余雄庆,关于多学科设计优化计算框架的探讨,机械科学与技术,2004.23(3):76-79
[29]曾声宇,基于响应面近似的反舰导弹并行子空间优化设计技术,西北工业大学,硕士学位论文,2003
[30]张科施,李为吉,李响,飞机概念设计的多学科综合优化技术,西北工业大学学报,20 05 .23 (1):36-4
[31]许河川.基于形状优化的多级优化设计的研究.南京航空航天大学学位论文,2004(3)
[32] Jaroslaw Sobieczczanski-Sobieki. Multidisciplinary Aerospace Design Optimization: Survey of recent developments. AIAA 96-0711, 1996
[33]颜力.固体战略导弹的多学科设计优化研究.宇航学报Vol-27,2006.12
[34]王振国.飞行器多学科优化设计优化理论与应用研究.北京:国防工业出版社,2006
[35]曹柏帧.导弹武器系统研究与设计.北京:航空航天部第三研究院,1988
[36]刘庆楣.飞航导弹结构设计.北京:宇航出版社,1995
[37]文仲辉.战术导弹系统分析.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,2000
[38]郭健.多学科设计优化技术研究(J〕西安:西北工业大学.2001
[39]张明廉.飞行控制系统[M]北京航空工业出版社1994 .13~14, 44~45
[40] Lindstrand P. ESA-HALE airship research and development program [A]. The 2nd Stratospheric Platform Systems Workshop [C]. Tokyo Japan: 2000. 15~21
[41] Toshitaka T, Takashi A Effects of meteorological conditions on the operation of a stratospheric platform [A] .The 3rd Stratospheric Platform Systems Workshop [C]. Tokyo Japan: 2001 123~129
[42] Ryu M, Mikio S. R&D on telecom and broadcasting system using high altitude platforms conducted by CTL/TAO [A]. The 3rd Stratospheric Platform Systems Workshop [C]. Tokyo Japan 2001. 21~29
[43] Yokomaku Y The stratospheric platform airship R&D program of Japan [A]. The 2nd Stratospheric Platform Systems Workshop [C]. Tokyo Japan 2000 1~7
[44] Munk J R StratSat--The wireless solution [A]. The 3rd Stratospheric Platform Systems Workshop [C]. Tokyo Japan 2001 45~51
[45] Onda M, Morikawa Y. High-altitude lighter-than-air powered platform [J]. Society of Automotive Engineers Transactions, 1991, 16 (1) 2216~2223
[46] Onda M. A ground-to airship microwave power transmission experiment for stationary aerial platform [A]. AIAA LTA Systems Conference [C]. Florida: 1995. 15~18
[47]欧阳晋.空中无人飞艇的建模与控制方法研究.上海交通大学.博士学位论文.2003
[48]陈仁伍.MDO在空空导弹设计中的应用.西北工业大学.硕士学位论文.2007
[49]马静敏.基于iSIGHT的电子汽车衡的多学科设计优化.山东科技大学.硕士学位论文.2005
[50]吁日新.多目标/多学科优化方法的研究.北京航空航天大学.硕士学位论文.2002
[2] Kroo I, Valerie M .Collaborative optimization: status and directions. AIAA-2000-4721.
[3]陈宝林.最优化理论与算法.清华大学出版社. 2003
[4]余雄庆,丁运亮,多学科设计优化算法及其在飞行器设计中应用.航空学报.2000, 21 (1):1-6
[5] Kroo L, Altus S, Braun R.D., Gage E, and Sobieski, I. Multidisciplinary Optimization Method s for Aircraft Preliminary Design. AIAA 94-4325
[6] Ba11ing, R. J. and Sobieszczanski-Sobieski, J. An algorithm for solving the system-level problem in multilevel optimization. NASAC R-195015, December 1994
[7] Kodryalam, S. Evaluation of Methods for Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO), Phase I, NASACR-1998-208716
[8] Patrick N.Koch, J.P.Evans, David Powell. Interdigitation for Effective Design Space Exploration Using iSIGHT [J].Journal of Structure and Multidisciplinary Optimization. 2002.3:111- 126
[9] Engineering Ltd. iSIGHT---多学科设计优化集成平台[M].CAD/CAM与制造业信息化,2003.12
[10]龚春林,多学科优化技术研究,西北工业大学,硕士学位论文,20043
[11]郭建,多学科设计优化技术研究,西北工业大学,硕士学位论文,20013
[12]胡峪,飞机多学科设计优化及其应用研究,西北工业大学,博士学位论文,2001.
[13]潘雷,某型地空导弹的多学科设计优化研究,西北工业大学,硕士学位论文,2007.
[14]孙侠生,飞机多学科综合优化设计技术研究,西北工业大学,博士学位论文,20005
[15]黄忠霖,周向明。控制系统MATLAB计算与仿真实训。北京:国防工业出版社。2006
[16]谷良贤,龚春林,宋寒冰.协作优化方法的计算特性及其应用范围研究[J],空间科学学报, 2002年增刊.
[17]谷良贤,宋寒冰,龚春林.协作优化算法及其在飞行器设计中的应用[J],弹箭与制导学报, 2002.9.
[18]胡峪,李为吉.飞机多学科设计的分级优化方法,西北工业大学学报,2001, 19(1):144-147.
[19]范丽,周洪伟,张育林,飞行器多学科优化设计中基于产品模型的数据集成,中国空间科学技术,2002,4.
[20]何麟书,王书河,张玉珠.飞行器多学科综合设计新算法[J],2004,25(5):465-469.
[21]谷良贤,龚春林.多学科设计集成环境的模式和应用[J],宇航学报,2004,25(4):459-463.
[22]陈小前.飞行器总体优化设计理论与应用研究[D],长沙:国防科技大学,,2001.
[23]郭健.多学科设计优化技术研究[J],西安:西北工业大学,2001.
[24] Engineous software, Inc. User guide for iSIGHT. November 2004
[25]李哲,马忠辉.多学科优化设计在航空航天领域的应用及发展,2004,25 (3):65-70.
[26]薛飞,地空导弹设计的协同优化方法及其计算环境研究,南京航空航天大学,硕士学位论文,2004.1
[27]杨军,远程战术火箭内外弹道一体化优化设计,西北工业大学,硕士学位论文,1996
[28]余雄庆,关于多学科设计优化计算框架的探讨,机械科学与技术,2004.23(3):76-79
[29]曾声宇,基于响应面近似的反舰导弹并行子空间优化设计技术,西北工业大学,硕士学位论文,2003
[30]张科施,李为吉,李响,飞机概念设计的多学科综合优化技术,西北工业大学学报,20 05 .23 (1):36-4
[31]许河川.基于形状优化的多级优化设计的研究.南京航空航天大学学位论文,2004(3)
[32] Jaroslaw Sobieczczanski-Sobieki. Multidisciplinary Aerospace Design Optimization: Survey of recent developments. AIAA 96-0711, 1996
[33]颜力.固体战略导弹的多学科设计优化研究.宇航学报Vol-27,2006.12
[34]王振国.飞行器多学科优化设计优化理论与应用研究.北京:国防工业出版社,2006
[35]曹柏帧.导弹武器系统研究与设计.北京:航空航天部第三研究院,1988
[36]刘庆楣.飞航导弹结构设计.北京:宇航出版社,1995
[37]文仲辉.战术导弹系统分析.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,2000
[38]郭健.多学科设计优化技术研究(J〕西安:西北工业大学.2001
[39]张明廉.飞行控制系统[M]北京航空工业出版社1994 .13~14, 44~45
[40] Lindstrand P. ESA-HALE airship research and development program [A]. The 2nd Stratospheric Platform Systems Workshop [C]. Tokyo Japan: 2000. 15~21
[41] Toshitaka T, Takashi A Effects of meteorological conditions on the operation of a stratospheric platform [A] .The 3rd Stratospheric Platform Systems Workshop [C]. Tokyo Japan: 2001 123~129
[42] Ryu M, Mikio S. R&D on telecom and broadcasting system using high altitude platforms conducted by CTL/TAO [A]. The 3rd Stratospheric Platform Systems Workshop [C]. Tokyo Japan 2001. 21~29
[43] Yokomaku Y The stratospheric platform airship R&D program of Japan [A]. The 2nd Stratospheric Platform Systems Workshop [C]. Tokyo Japan 2000 1~7
[44] Munk J R StratSat--The wireless solution [A]. The 3rd Stratospheric Platform Systems Workshop [C]. Tokyo Japan 2001 45~51
[45] Onda M, Morikawa Y. High-altitude lighter-than-air powered platform [J]. Society of Automotive Engineers Transactions, 1991, 16 (1) 2216~2223
[46] Onda M. A ground-to airship microwave power transmission experiment for stationary aerial platform [A]. AIAA LTA Systems Conference [C]. Florida: 1995. 15~18
[47]欧阳晋.空中无人飞艇的建模与控制方法研究.上海交通大学.博士学位论文.2003
[48]陈仁伍.MDO在空空导弹设计中的应用.西北工业大学.硕士学位论文.2007
[49]马静敏.基于iSIGHT的电子汽车衡的多学科设计优化.山东科技大学.硕士学位论文.2005
[50]吁日新.多目标/多学科优化方法的研究.北京航空航天大学.硕士学位论文.2002