基于电信级以太网的移动回程网关键技术研究
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摘要
传统的移动回程网络都是基于TDM和ATM技术的。然而,随着可提供话音,数据和视频等多媒体业务的移动电话和各种移动电子产品的大量增加和普及,进而带来的对带宽容量和可靠性要求的不断增长,对现有的移动回程网络形成了巨大的挑战,现有的移动回程网络技术已难以跟上其步伐。为了解决这个问题,移动运营商和设备制造商都把目光转向了电信级以太网。
本课题从电信级以太网的技术优势出发,分析了为什么电信级以太网技术是移动回程网络的最佳选择方案,研究了将电信级以太网技术应用到移动回程网络中所需要解决的流量分级、业务应用和网络同步等问题。针对流量分级和电信级以太网业务应用的问题,本课题提出了一种流量整形的功能,利用这种功能不仅能够实现移动回程网络业务流量分级的要求,还能更好地将电信级以太网业务应用到移动回程网络。另外,为了满足移动回程网络同步的要求,本课题提出了一种基于协议的同步方式,通过这种方式不仅能够实现电信级以太网同步,还能将精确度提高到纳米级。
最后,还介绍流量整形的功能在电信级以太网设备平台上的测试结果,并对结果进行了分析。
Up until now, mobile backhaul networks have been realized using TDM and ATM technologies. However, these networks are no longer capable of keeping pace with the bandwidth capacity and reliability requirements of increasingly popular voice, data and video broadband applications on mobile devices. To resolve this problem, Carrier Ethernet network are thought by mobile operators and equipment manufacturers.
This paper introduces the technologic advantages of Carrier Ethernet, and explains the question of why Carrier Ethernet for mobile backhaul. Then we analyze the requirements of Ethernet services in mobile backhaul networks, which include class of service requirements, applying MEF service definitions to mobile backhaul and synchronization requirements. To meet these demands, this paper presents a traffic shaping algorithm and an Ethernet time synchronization method. The traffic shaping algorithm not only resolves the problem of traffic classification, but also improves the applying MEF service definitions to mobile backhaul much better. And the time synchronization method is based on timestamp exchanging protocols. It could enhance the synchronous time precision up to nanosecond level.
In the end, this paper describes the implementation and test results of traffic shaping algorithm on a Carrier Ethernet multi-service platform.
本课题从电信级以太网的技术优势出发,分析了为什么电信级以太网技术是移动回程网络的最佳选择方案,研究了将电信级以太网技术应用到移动回程网络中所需要解决的流量分级、业务应用和网络同步等问题。针对流量分级和电信级以太网业务应用的问题,本课题提出了一种流量整形的功能,利用这种功能不仅能够实现移动回程网络业务流量分级的要求,还能更好地将电信级以太网业务应用到移动回程网络。另外,为了满足移动回程网络同步的要求,本课题提出了一种基于协议的同步方式,通过这种方式不仅能够实现电信级以太网同步,还能将精确度提高到纳米级。
最后,还介绍流量整形的功能在电信级以太网设备平台上的测试结果,并对结果进行了分析。
Up until now, mobile backhaul networks have been realized using TDM and ATM technologies. However, these networks are no longer capable of keeping pace with the bandwidth capacity and reliability requirements of increasingly popular voice, data and video broadband applications on mobile devices. To resolve this problem, Carrier Ethernet network are thought by mobile operators and equipment manufacturers.
This paper introduces the technologic advantages of Carrier Ethernet, and explains the question of why Carrier Ethernet for mobile backhaul. Then we analyze the requirements of Ethernet services in mobile backhaul networks, which include class of service requirements, applying MEF service definitions to mobile backhaul and synchronization requirements. To meet these demands, this paper presents a traffic shaping algorithm and an Ethernet time synchronization method. The traffic shaping algorithm not only resolves the problem of traffic classification, but also improves the applying MEF service definitions to mobile backhaul much better. And the time synchronization method is based on timestamp exchanging protocols. It could enhance the synchronous time precision up to nanosecond level.
In the end, this paper describes the implementation and test results of traffic shaping algorithm on a Carrier Ethernet multi-service platform.
引文
[1]MEF 22-2009, Mobile Backhaul Implementation Agreement Phase 1 [S].
[2]卞敏刚Backhaul优化需因地制宜[N].通信产业报,2007-08-20(55).
[3]成少飞.面向3G的移动承载网络的优化与演进——Mobile Backhauling[J].通信世界B,2007(31)：12-13.
[4]叶惠.移动回程网：电信级以太网发起的又一进攻[J].通讯世界,2008(2)：44.
[5]MEF, Carrier Ethernet for Mobile Backhaul Implementation Agreement Whitepaper[S]. February 2009.
[6]樊昌信,张甫翊,徐炳祥,吴成柯.通信原理[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2001.223-224.
[7]曹志刚,钱亚生.现代通信原理[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006.172-173.
[8]詹翊春.电信级以太网技术讲座[J].中国新通信,2008,(1)：73-78.
[9]雷震洲.电信级以太网的发展现状与走向[J].中国新通信,2008,10(1)：5-10.
[10]ALLAN D, BRAGG N, MCGUIRE A, et al. Ethernet as carrier transport infrastructure [J]. IEEE Communications Magazine,2006,44(2):95-101.
[11]卜哲.电信级以太网关键技术分析[J].电信科学,2007,(10)：4144.
[12]马钰璐,张届新,柴平瑄.电信级以太网标准的进展[J].电信科学,2007,23(11)：17-20.
[13]IEEE 802.1ah-2007, IEEE Standard for local area networks—Virtual bridged local area networks, Amendment 6:Provider backbone bridges[S].
[14]IEEE 802.1w protocol-2001, Rapid Reconfiguration of Spanning Tree[S].
[15]IEEE Standard P802.17-2004, Resilient packet ring (RPR) access method & physical layer specifications[S].
[16]IEEE 802.17a-2004, Amendment 4:Support for bridging 802.17 MACs[S].
[17]Draft ITU-T Recommendation G.8031/Y.1342-2007, Ethernet Linear Protection Switching[S].
[18]Draft ITU-T Recommendation G.8032/Y.1344 Version 2-2008, Ethernet Ring Protection Switching[S].
[19]何宝宏.IP网络的服务质量讲座：第四讲IP网络流量与拥塞控制技术[J].中国数据通信,2003,5(5)：96-99.
[20]ITU-T Recommendation X.87-2003, Multiple Services Ring based on RPR[S].
[21]MEF 5-2004, Traffic Management Specification:Phase I[S].
[22]MEF 6.1-2008, Ethernet Services Definitions Phase 2[S].
[23]MEF 10.1-2006, Ethernet Services Attributes Phase 2[S].
[24]穆维新.现代通信网技术[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2006.40-41.
[25]G.8261/Y.1361-2006, Timing and Synchronization Aspects in Packet Networks[S].
[26]吴先涛,吴承治.同步以太网及其时钟[J].现代传输,2007(6)：70-74.
[27]IEEE std.1588v2-2004, Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems[S].
[28]IEEE P802.1AS/D2.0-2008, Timing and Synchronization for Time-Sensitive Applications in Bridged Local Area Networks[S].
[29]ITU-T G.813-2003, Timing Characteristics of SDH Equipment Slave Clocks (SEC)[S].
[30]ITU-T G.812-1998, Timing requirements of slave clocks suitable for use as node clocks in synchronization networks[S].
[31]ITU-T G.811-1997, Timing characteristics of primary reference clocks[S].
[32]IEEE Std 802.3,1998 Edition,1998:31-79.
[33]龙志坚.IEEE 1588协议分析与实现[D].上海：华东师范大学,2009.5-6.
[34]IETF RFC 2698-1999, A Two Rate Three Color Marker[S].
[35]李建宝,桑海.令牌桶算法在IP QoS中的应用[J].华南金融电脑,2006,14(4)：98-99.
[2]卞敏刚Backhaul优化需因地制宜[N].通信产业报,2007-08-20(55).
[3]成少飞.面向3G的移动承载网络的优化与演进——Mobile Backhauling[J].通信世界B,2007(31)：12-13.
[4]叶惠.移动回程网：电信级以太网发起的又一进攻[J].通讯世界,2008(2)：44.
[5]MEF, Carrier Ethernet for Mobile Backhaul Implementation Agreement Whitepaper[S]. February 2009.
[6]樊昌信,张甫翊,徐炳祥,吴成柯.通信原理[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2001.223-224.
[7]曹志刚,钱亚生.现代通信原理[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006.172-173.
[8]詹翊春.电信级以太网技术讲座[J].中国新通信,2008,(1)：73-78.
[9]雷震洲.电信级以太网的发展现状与走向[J].中国新通信,2008,10(1)：5-10.
[10]ALLAN D, BRAGG N, MCGUIRE A, et al. Ethernet as carrier transport infrastructure [J]. IEEE Communications Magazine,2006,44(2):95-101.
[11]卜哲.电信级以太网关键技术分析[J].电信科学,2007,(10)：4144.
[12]马钰璐,张届新,柴平瑄.电信级以太网标准的进展[J].电信科学,2007,23(11)：17-20.
[13]IEEE 802.1ah-2007, IEEE Standard for local area networks—Virtual bridged local area networks, Amendment 6:Provider backbone bridges[S].
[14]IEEE 802.1w protocol-2001, Rapid Reconfiguration of Spanning Tree[S].
[15]IEEE Standard P802.17-2004, Resilient packet ring (RPR) access method & physical layer specifications[S].
[16]IEEE 802.17a-2004, Amendment 4:Support for bridging 802.17 MACs[S].
[17]Draft ITU-T Recommendation G.8031/Y.1342-2007, Ethernet Linear Protection Switching[S].
[18]Draft ITU-T Recommendation G.8032/Y.1344 Version 2-2008, Ethernet Ring Protection Switching[S].
[19]何宝宏.IP网络的服务质量讲座：第四讲IP网络流量与拥塞控制技术[J].中国数据通信,2003,5(5)：96-99.
[20]ITU-T Recommendation X.87-2003, Multiple Services Ring based on RPR[S].
[21]MEF 5-2004, Traffic Management Specification:Phase I[S].
[22]MEF 6.1-2008, Ethernet Services Definitions Phase 2[S].
[23]MEF 10.1-2006, Ethernet Services Attributes Phase 2[S].
[24]穆维新.现代通信网技术[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2006.40-41.
[25]G.8261/Y.1361-2006, Timing and Synchronization Aspects in Packet Networks[S].
[26]吴先涛,吴承治.同步以太网及其时钟[J].现代传输,2007(6)：70-74.
[27]IEEE std.1588v2-2004, Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems[S].
[28]IEEE P802.1AS/D2.0-2008, Timing and Synchronization for Time-Sensitive Applications in Bridged Local Area Networks[S].
[29]ITU-T G.813-2003, Timing Characteristics of SDH Equipment Slave Clocks (SEC)[S].
[30]ITU-T G.812-1998, Timing requirements of slave clocks suitable for use as node clocks in synchronization networks[S].
[31]ITU-T G.811-1997, Timing characteristics of primary reference clocks[S].
[32]IEEE Std 802.3,1998 Edition,1998:31-79.
[33]龙志坚.IEEE 1588协议分析与实现[D].上海：华东师范大学,2009.5-6.
[34]IETF RFC 2698-1999, A Two Rate Three Color Marker[S].
[35]李建宝,桑海.令牌桶算法在IP QoS中的应用[J].华南金融电脑,2006,14(4)：98-99.