基于GPS/GIS的物流车辆跟踪系统研究
摘要
本文在前人的研究基础上研究了基于GPS、GIS、GPRS等技术的物流车辆定位跟踪系统,利用车载GPS全球定位系统的实时快速定位功能、GIS的地理数据直观展示功能以及GPRS分组交换技术的高速、实时、网络覆盖范围广的特点等。实现了物流车辆和控制中心之间的信息传输以及智能的跟踪监控和调度管理。
GPS定位以及GIS技术都存在一定程度误差的问题,为了提供更为可靠的定位信息,本文对目前一些常用的地图匹配算法的特性以及他们的优点和不足之处进行研究,在分析了各种地图算法的基础后,提出了地图匹配算法的几个主要要素：距离、方向、连通性、方向变化性以及方向的一致性,然后给出了一种改进的地图匹配算法,通过分层的方法快速的处理路段简单的地图匹配,并充分利用行车的历史数据以及电子地图信息来对复杂路段的匹配进行决策,结合方向角的变化性引入意图导向的匹配原则,解决了其他算法孤立的只根据当前定位点在复杂路段下匹配困难的问题,提高了在复杂路段,比如分叉路口已经路段平行的情况下的地图匹配效率。尽量减少GIS中车辆位置的显示误差。在本文的最后采用基于ArcGIS Server以及.NET平台作为开发工具对本系统进行了功能的实现。
In this paper, the basis of previous studies to study based on GPS, GIS, GPRS and other technologies logistics vehicle location tracking system, using a vehicle-mounted Global Positioning System GPS Real-time location capabilities, GIS display of geographic data visualization capabilities, and GPRS packet switching technology high-speed, real-time, network coverage of a wide range of special features. Achieve the logistics vehicles and transfer of information between control centers and intelligent tracking monitoring and scheduling management.
GPS and GIS technologies for there is a certain degree of error issue, in order to provide a more reliable location information, this paper present some common characteristics of the map-matching algorithms as well as their strengths and weaknesses of research, analysis of a variety of Map algorithm based on the proposed map-matching algorithm several major elements:distance, direction, connectivity, orientation and direction of the consistency of variability, and then gives an improved vehicle based on fuzzy logic in conjunction with the historical traffic data The map matching algorithm, through the handling of layered method is rapid and simple map-matching section, and make full use of the historical traffic data and digital map information to the matching sections of complex decision-making, combined with changes in the direction of angle of orientation of the introduction of the intention of the match principle, solve the other algorithms only isolated points, based on the current position under the matching sections in a complex difficult problems and improve roads in the complex, such as the fork junction has been the case of parallel sections of the map-matching efficiency. Minimize the display error. At the end of this article based on ArcGIS Server, and NET platform as a development tool for this system, the functional implementation.
GPS定位以及GIS技术都存在一定程度误差的问题,为了提供更为可靠的定位信息,本文对目前一些常用的地图匹配算法的特性以及他们的优点和不足之处进行研究,在分析了各种地图算法的基础后,提出了地图匹配算法的几个主要要素：距离、方向、连通性、方向变化性以及方向的一致性,然后给出了一种改进的地图匹配算法,通过分层的方法快速的处理路段简单的地图匹配,并充分利用行车的历史数据以及电子地图信息来对复杂路段的匹配进行决策,结合方向角的变化性引入意图导向的匹配原则,解决了其他算法孤立的只根据当前定位点在复杂路段下匹配困难的问题,提高了在复杂路段,比如分叉路口已经路段平行的情况下的地图匹配效率。尽量减少GIS中车辆位置的显示误差。在本文的最后采用基于ArcGIS Server以及.NET平台作为开发工具对本系统进行了功能的实现。
In this paper, the basis of previous studies to study based on GPS, GIS, GPRS and other technologies logistics vehicle location tracking system, using a vehicle-mounted Global Positioning System GPS Real-time location capabilities, GIS display of geographic data visualization capabilities, and GPRS packet switching technology high-speed, real-time, network coverage of a wide range of special features. Achieve the logistics vehicles and transfer of information between control centers and intelligent tracking monitoring and scheduling management.
GPS and GIS technologies for there is a certain degree of error issue, in order to provide a more reliable location information, this paper present some common characteristics of the map-matching algorithms as well as their strengths and weaknesses of research, analysis of a variety of Map algorithm based on the proposed map-matching algorithm several major elements:distance, direction, connectivity, orientation and direction of the consistency of variability, and then gives an improved vehicle based on fuzzy logic in conjunction with the historical traffic data The map matching algorithm, through the handling of layered method is rapid and simple map-matching section, and make full use of the historical traffic data and digital map information to the matching sections of complex decision-making, combined with changes in the direction of angle of orientation of the introduction of the intention of the match principle, solve the other algorithms only isolated points, based on the current position under the matching sections in a complex difficult problems and improve roads in the complex, such as the fork junction has been the case of parallel sections of the map-matching efficiency. Minimize the display error. At the end of this article based on ArcGIS Server, and NET platform as a development tool for this system, the functional implementation.
引文
[1]左淑红,左凤鸣,郑丽娜相对差分GPS精度分析测绘与空间地理信息.2007(4)：43-44
[2]Ouri Wolfson A weight-based map matching method in moving objects databases. The 16th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database. IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium June 13-15,2007
[3]T.Ardeshiri, S.Kharrazi Offset Eliminative Map Matching Algorithm for Intersection Active Safety Applications. Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, June 13-15, 2006
[4]SamerS.Saab A Map Matching Approach for Train Positioning. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,vol.49, no.2,march 2000
[5]Edward J. Krakiwsky A Kalman Filter For Integrating Dead Reckoning, Map Matching And GPS Positioning. IEEE 1988
[6]Sudarshan S. Chawathe Segment-Based Map Matching.2007 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium June 13-15,2007
[7]Ghalia Nassreddine, Fahed Abdallah Map matching algorithm using belief function theory. IEEE 2007
[8]Oliver Pink, Britta Hummel A statistical approach to map matching using road network geometry, topology and vehicular motion constrains. The 11th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems October 12-15,2008
[9]Marylin Winter, George Taylor Modular Neural Networks for Map-Matched GPS Positioning. The Fourth International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering Workshops.2004
[10]Sinn Kim, Jong-Hwan Kim Q-factor Map Matching Method Using Adaptive Fuzzy Network. IEEE International Fuzzy Systems Conference Process August 22-25, 1999
[11]Koichi Miyashita, Tsutomu Terada A Map Matching Algorithm for Car Navigation Systems that Predict User Destination.22nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications 2007
[12]王建鹏GPS/GPRS/GIS集成技术在车辆定位与监控中的应用武汉大学,2005年
[13]杨易,谷正气基于概率决策的车辆导航系统地图匹配算法汽车工程第10期,2006年
[14]彭尉基于GPS/GIS/GPRS的移动车辆监控系统的设计与研究大连理工大学2005年
[15]张志灵为消费者提供更多便利GPS多功能当道.汽车服务。2007年
[16]张海堂基于GSM的GPS移动目标监控调度系统软件设计与实现：硕士学位论文[D].郑州：中国人民解放军信息工程大学测绘学院,2001.
[17]霍春玲,贾新宇移动车辆跟踪定位系统东北测绘1994-17-3
[18]孙铁珊,张中优GPS在车辆自动跟踪系统中的应用测绘科技通讯1994-17-3
[19]2.5&3G Application Examples-Transport& Delivery logistics, by Dr. Fiona Williams, Mobile Europe 2002,Bremen.
[20]曹冲.我国GPS车辆系统应用前景分析http://www.ccw.com.cn/htm/center/topic/02_9_ 16_6.asp
[21]梅志雄,迟国彬,郑冲基于GPS/GSM/GIS的海船监控调度系统的构建[J].热带地理,2003,23(1)：40-43.
[22]向怀坤,刘小明GPS/GIS/GSM车辆动态监控调度系统的设计与开发[J].公路交通,2002,19(4)：97-100.
[23]陈孝伟,鲍立威,姚志邦GPS/GIS/GSM实时物流配送辅助系统[J].计算机工程,2002,28(4)：247-248.
[24]付建萍,于银辉GPS与GIS集成在公安交通指挥系统中的应用[J].吉林大学学报(信息科学版),2003,21(1)：65-68.
[25]戴技才,肖俊辉基于GIS/GPS和通讯的消防信息系统[J].测绘通报,2003,(2)：33-35.
[26]杜宝才GPS系统的特点http://dbcai88.blog.163.com/blog/static/261561620041018104490/
[27]李天文GPS原理及应用北京：科学出版社,2003.
[28]龚建伟GPS的基本原理、通讯码制及定位应用.http://www.gissky.net/2004113/netres/gpsposition.pdf
[29]百科GIS的组成http://baike.baidu.com/view/5094.htm
[30]郭腾云GIS应用体系结构发展演化及WebGIS实现方法与应用研究科技导报,1999(9),43.47
[31]潘农菲GIS的空间理论在关系数据库的实现理论及应用技术计算机应用研究2002(2),92.94
[32]罗英伟基于Agent的分布式地理信息系统研究北大博士学位论文1999
[33]王耳琪、钟耳顺等地理信息系统网络化模式初探CAGIS&CPGIS年会论文 集1998
[34]百科GPRS的原理http://baike.baidu.com/view/1307.htm
[35]湛邵斌,吕浩,肖蓓基于代价函数的车载导航系统地图匹配算法深圳信息职业技术学院学报2008年
[36]武交峰应用遗传算法提高蚁群算法性能的研究[D]太原理工大学2007年.
[37]史文中刘文宝GIS空间数据库系统误差控制的黑箱方法1997年
[38]李娟 高山 车辆定位的地图匹配算法研究汽车与船舶2009
[39]陆锋,崔伟宏车辆导航与监控中GPS/GIS实时定位配准误差分析遥感学报1999,3(4)：312-317
[40]赵亦林车辆定位与导航系统[M]电子工业出版社,1999.
[41]Kim S, Kim J H. Adaptive Fuzzy2network2based C2measure Map Matching Algorithm for Car Navigation System[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2001,48.
[42]Quddus, M.A.,Ochieng A general map matching algorithm for transport applications http://www2.prudente.unesp.br/rbc/_pdf_55_2003/55_2_01.pdf
[43]Taylor,G.,Blewitt,G,Steup,D.,Corbett,S.,Car,A.,2001.Road reduction filtering for GPS-GIS navigation. Transactions in GIS, Vol.5 Issue 3 Page 193,June 2001
[44]GSM蜂窝移动通信系统http://www.mc21 st.com/techfield/systech/gsm/g6-1.htm
[45]吴冰基于GPS+GSM的车辆监控系统的研究：硕士学位论文[D]哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学2002.
[47]杨国民通用无线分组业务(GPRS)综述.声学与电子工程.2002,(2)：17-22
[48]毕军,付梦印,张宇河基于D-S证据推理的车辆导航系统地图匹配算法北京理工大学学报,2002,22(3)：393-396.
[49]刘光唐大仕WebGIS开发-ArcGIS Server与.NET清华大学出版社2009年
[50]北京神讯北京神讯GPS车载设备协议(全文)规程.
[52]高胜辉,盛刚GPRS车载终端在监控系统中的应用[J]中国交通信息产业2005,2
[52]Duan F. Marble Geographic information system:an overview, Introductory reading in Geographic information System. Taylor & FrancisLtd 1990
[53]Code Peter, Yourdon Edward Object-oriented Analysis 2nd. Yourdon Press,1991
[54]http://homepage.ntlworld.eom/shihong.jiang/上海市公共交通网
[55]http://www.cin.gov.cn/国外智能交通系统介绍
[56]http://www.GISChina.eom/地理信息系统论坛
[57]http://www.ESRI.eom/美国ESRI公司
[58]http://www.gissky.net GIS空间站
[59]http://www.wflms.com城市公共交通系统
[60]周文彬,朱德好GPS坐标成果空间坐标系转换及精度分析测绘与空间地理信息2007,3
[61]关桂霞,刘永宾,邱德慧基于GPS地图匹配的车辆跟踪算法研究,2008：219-220
[62]张涛,杨殿阁,李克强,连小珉 车辆导航中带匹配度反馈的模糊地图匹配算法清华大学学报(自然科学版)2009：277-278
[63]柳林移动终端导航系统中地图匹配技术的研究与应用,山东科技大学,2007年
[64]武交峰应用遗传算法提高蚁群算法性能的研究[D]太原理工大学,2007年.
[65]林娜,李志一种综合地图匹配算法的设计与实现.测绘技术,2008：183-184
[2]Ouri Wolfson A weight-based map matching method in moving objects databases. The 16th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database. IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium June 13-15,2007
[3]T.Ardeshiri, S.Kharrazi Offset Eliminative Map Matching Algorithm for Intersection Active Safety Applications. Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, June 13-15, 2006
[4]SamerS.Saab A Map Matching Approach for Train Positioning. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,vol.49, no.2,march 2000
[5]Edward J. Krakiwsky A Kalman Filter For Integrating Dead Reckoning, Map Matching And GPS Positioning. IEEE 1988
[6]Sudarshan S. Chawathe Segment-Based Map Matching.2007 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium June 13-15,2007
[7]Ghalia Nassreddine, Fahed Abdallah Map matching algorithm using belief function theory. IEEE 2007
[8]Oliver Pink, Britta Hummel A statistical approach to map matching using road network geometry, topology and vehicular motion constrains. The 11th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems October 12-15,2008
[9]Marylin Winter, George Taylor Modular Neural Networks for Map-Matched GPS Positioning. The Fourth International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering Workshops.2004
[10]Sinn Kim, Jong-Hwan Kim Q-factor Map Matching Method Using Adaptive Fuzzy Network. IEEE International Fuzzy Systems Conference Process August 22-25, 1999
[11]Koichi Miyashita, Tsutomu Terada A Map Matching Algorithm for Car Navigation Systems that Predict User Destination.22nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications 2007
[12]王建鹏GPS/GPRS/GIS集成技术在车辆定位与监控中的应用武汉大学,2005年
[13]杨易,谷正气基于概率决策的车辆导航系统地图匹配算法汽车工程第10期,2006年
[14]彭尉基于GPS/GIS/GPRS的移动车辆监控系统的设计与研究大连理工大学2005年
[15]张志灵为消费者提供更多便利GPS多功能当道.汽车服务。2007年
[16]张海堂基于GSM的GPS移动目标监控调度系统软件设计与实现：硕士学位论文[D].郑州：中国人民解放军信息工程大学测绘学院,2001.
[17]霍春玲,贾新宇移动车辆跟踪定位系统东北测绘1994-17-3
[18]孙铁珊,张中优GPS在车辆自动跟踪系统中的应用测绘科技通讯1994-17-3
[19]2.5&3G Application Examples-Transport& Delivery logistics, by Dr. Fiona Williams, Mobile Europe 2002,Bremen.
[20]曹冲.我国GPS车辆系统应用前景分析http://www.ccw.com.cn/htm/center/topic/02_9_ 16_6.asp
[21]梅志雄,迟国彬,郑冲基于GPS/GSM/GIS的海船监控调度系统的构建[J].热带地理,2003,23(1)：40-43.
[22]向怀坤,刘小明GPS/GIS/GSM车辆动态监控调度系统的设计与开发[J].公路交通,2002,19(4)：97-100.
[23]陈孝伟,鲍立威,姚志邦GPS/GIS/GSM实时物流配送辅助系统[J].计算机工程,2002,28(4)：247-248.
[24]付建萍,于银辉GPS与GIS集成在公安交通指挥系统中的应用[J].吉林大学学报(信息科学版),2003,21(1)：65-68.
[25]戴技才,肖俊辉基于GIS/GPS和通讯的消防信息系统[J].测绘通报,2003,(2)：33-35.
[26]杜宝才GPS系统的特点http://dbcai88.blog.163.com/blog/static/261561620041018104490/
[27]李天文GPS原理及应用北京：科学出版社,2003.
[28]龚建伟GPS的基本原理、通讯码制及定位应用.http://www.gissky.net/2004113/netres/gpsposition.pdf
[29]百科GIS的组成http://baike.baidu.com/view/5094.htm
[30]郭腾云GIS应用体系结构发展演化及WebGIS实现方法与应用研究科技导报,1999(9),43.47
[31]潘农菲GIS的空间理论在关系数据库的实现理论及应用技术计算机应用研究2002(2),92.94
[32]罗英伟基于Agent的分布式地理信息系统研究北大博士学位论文1999
[33]王耳琪、钟耳顺等地理信息系统网络化模式初探CAGIS&CPGIS年会论文 集1998
[34]百科GPRS的原理http://baike.baidu.com/view/1307.htm
[35]湛邵斌,吕浩,肖蓓基于代价函数的车载导航系统地图匹配算法深圳信息职业技术学院学报2008年
[36]武交峰应用遗传算法提高蚁群算法性能的研究[D]太原理工大学2007年.
[37]史文中刘文宝GIS空间数据库系统误差控制的黑箱方法1997年
[38]李娟 高山 车辆定位的地图匹配算法研究汽车与船舶2009
[39]陆锋,崔伟宏车辆导航与监控中GPS/GIS实时定位配准误差分析遥感学报1999,3(4)：312-317
[40]赵亦林车辆定位与导航系统[M]电子工业出版社,1999.
[41]Kim S, Kim J H. Adaptive Fuzzy2network2based C2measure Map Matching Algorithm for Car Navigation System[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2001,48.
[42]Quddus, M.A.,Ochieng A general map matching algorithm for transport applications http://www2.prudente.unesp.br/rbc/_pdf_55_2003/55_2_01.pdf
[43]Taylor,G.,Blewitt,G,Steup,D.,Corbett,S.,Car,A.,2001.Road reduction filtering for GPS-GIS navigation. Transactions in GIS, Vol.5 Issue 3 Page 193,June 2001
[44]GSM蜂窝移动通信系统http://www.mc21 st.com/techfield/systech/gsm/g6-1.htm
[45]吴冰基于GPS+GSM的车辆监控系统的研究：硕士学位论文[D]哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学2002.
[47]杨国民通用无线分组业务(GPRS)综述.声学与电子工程.2002,(2)：17-22
[48]毕军,付梦印,张宇河基于D-S证据推理的车辆导航系统地图匹配算法北京理工大学学报,2002,22(3)：393-396.
[49]刘光唐大仕WebGIS开发-ArcGIS Server与.NET清华大学出版社2009年
[50]北京神讯北京神讯GPS车载设备协议(全文)规程.
[52]高胜辉,盛刚GPRS车载终端在监控系统中的应用[J]中国交通信息产业2005,2
[52]Duan F. Marble Geographic information system:an overview, Introductory reading in Geographic information System. Taylor & FrancisLtd 1990
[53]Code Peter, Yourdon Edward Object-oriented Analysis 2nd. Yourdon Press,1991
[54]http://homepage.ntlworld.eom/shihong.jiang/上海市公共交通网
[55]http://www.cin.gov.cn/国外智能交通系统介绍
[56]http://www.GISChina.eom/地理信息系统论坛
[57]http://www.ESRI.eom/美国ESRI公司
[58]http://www.gissky.net GIS空间站
[59]http://www.wflms.com城市公共交通系统
[60]周文彬,朱德好GPS坐标成果空间坐标系转换及精度分析测绘与空间地理信息2007,3
[61]关桂霞,刘永宾,邱德慧基于GPS地图匹配的车辆跟踪算法研究,2008：219-220
[62]张涛,杨殿阁,李克强,连小珉 车辆导航中带匹配度反馈的模糊地图匹配算法清华大学学报(自然科学版)2009：277-278
[63]柳林移动终端导航系统中地图匹配技术的研究与应用,山东科技大学,2007年
[64]武交峰应用遗传算法提高蚁群算法性能的研究[D]太原理工大学,2007年.
[65]林娜,李志一种综合地图匹配算法的设计与实现.测绘技术,2008：183-184