浙江乡镇电器连锁业务的物流配送模式研究
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摘要
改革开放三十年以来,党中央在“三农”方面做了大量工作,国家制定了一系列促进农民增收的法规、政策、标准和管理措施,农民收入得到很大提高,农民对耐用电器产品(空调、冰箱、彩电)消费逐步升级。尤其随着社会主义市场经济深入发展,以浙江为代表的沿海开放省份连锁经营行业迅猛发展,乡镇电器连锁经营模式由传统农村供销合作社、个体杂货店逐渐向有规模的乡镇电器连锁超市发展,大公司、大集团的直营店或连锁店日渐被农村消费者喜欢和接受,乡镇电器连锁行业竞争也日趋激烈起来。特别是在“家电下乡”等一系列国家政策引导下,乡镇电器连锁行业正悄然兴起。但是由此带来的相关问题,诸如物流配送模式不够健全等困扰着众多生产企业或供应商。乡镇电器连锁行业如何可持续发展面临严重的挑战,也引起国内学者的广泛关注。
本文以浙江PALCENT集团乡镇电器连锁业务为典型案例进行实例分析,首先从浙江乡镇连锁经营面临的机遇出发,提出物流在乡镇电器连锁中的重要地位,在与国内外电器连锁行业经营模式比较分析基础上,总结出浙江农村电器连锁经营发展面临的突出问题。在如何优化PAL集团乡镇电器连锁企业物流配送模式上给出了具体措施,最后对浙江乡镇电器连锁企业的物流配送模式给出了具体思路,提出未来浙江乡镇电器连锁企业的物流配送模式是积极发展多形式连锁,实施规范化管理,突出经营特色,组建第三方物流公司,采用集中统一配送方式,充分利用B2B技术和实施差异化战略与重视人才培养等八个方面。
For the past 30 years since the reform and opening-up in China, the CPC Central Committee has done a lot to deal with the problems facing China's agriculture, rural areas and farmers. And the government has laid down a series of laws and regulations, policies, standards and management measures to increase the farmers' revenue. Thus the farmers' revenue has been greatly increased and their ability of purchasing durable electric appliances such as air-conditioners, refrigerators and color TV sets has been gradually enhanced. With the rapid development of the socialist market economy, the chain operation in the coastal open provinces with Zhejiang as a representative has been vigorously developed. The township chain business has been developing from the traditional supply and marketing cooperative in rural areas, private groceries to township supermarkets of electric appliances with a relatively large scale. Big companies, the regular chains and direct-sale shops of group companies with a relatively large scale have become popular with the consumers in the countryside. The competition among the township businesses of electric appliances is becoming fierce. In particular, guided by the country's series of policies on "Home Appliances Going to the Countryside", the township chain business of electric appliances is beginning to emerge. This business pattern is much favored by the farmers. But problems brought by this have aroused great interests both from home and abroad, for example, logistic distribution and delivery and the construction of after-sale service system puzzled a lot of manufacturers and suppliers, and the sustainable development of the township chain business of electric appliances is facing challenge.
Beginning from the general conditions of the township chain business operation in our country and relative theories concerning logistic distribution and delivery, this essay compares the patterns of logistic distribution and delivery in the chain business of electric appliances in China and in other countries. Based on the intensive study on the existing problems of the township chain enterprises in our country, with the backdrop against the typical case, PALCENT in Zhejiang, this essay analyzes the characteristics of logistic distribution and delivery of the township chain enterprises of electric appliances. And it also discusses the models of logistic distribution and delivery and the construction of the after-sale system that are suitable for the township chain enterprises of electric appliances in Zhejiang. And the last part of the essay looks ahead on the models of logistic distribution and delivery of the township chain enterprises of electric appliances in Zhejiang. It puts forward a suggestion that the future's pattern of logistic distribution and delivery of the township chain enterprises of electric appliances in China is to set up the third-party logistics company or the centralized and unified distribution pattern combined with the logistic pattern managed by the supplier itself. And we should make full use of the B2B technology and differentiation strategy and put much emphasis on personnel training.
本文以浙江PALCENT集团乡镇电器连锁业务为典型案例进行实例分析,首先从浙江乡镇连锁经营面临的机遇出发,提出物流在乡镇电器连锁中的重要地位,在与国内外电器连锁行业经营模式比较分析基础上,总结出浙江农村电器连锁经营发展面临的突出问题。在如何优化PAL集团乡镇电器连锁企业物流配送模式上给出了具体措施,最后对浙江乡镇电器连锁企业的物流配送模式给出了具体思路,提出未来浙江乡镇电器连锁企业的物流配送模式是积极发展多形式连锁,实施规范化管理,突出经营特色,组建第三方物流公司,采用集中统一配送方式,充分利用B2B技术和实施差异化战略与重视人才培养等八个方面。
For the past 30 years since the reform and opening-up in China, the CPC Central Committee has done a lot to deal with the problems facing China's agriculture, rural areas and farmers. And the government has laid down a series of laws and regulations, policies, standards and management measures to increase the farmers' revenue. Thus the farmers' revenue has been greatly increased and their ability of purchasing durable electric appliances such as air-conditioners, refrigerators and color TV sets has been gradually enhanced. With the rapid development of the socialist market economy, the chain operation in the coastal open provinces with Zhejiang as a representative has been vigorously developed. The township chain business has been developing from the traditional supply and marketing cooperative in rural areas, private groceries to township supermarkets of electric appliances with a relatively large scale. Big companies, the regular chains and direct-sale shops of group companies with a relatively large scale have become popular with the consumers in the countryside. The competition among the township businesses of electric appliances is becoming fierce. In particular, guided by the country's series of policies on "Home Appliances Going to the Countryside", the township chain business of electric appliances is beginning to emerge. This business pattern is much favored by the farmers. But problems brought by this have aroused great interests both from home and abroad, for example, logistic distribution and delivery and the construction of after-sale service system puzzled a lot of manufacturers and suppliers, and the sustainable development of the township chain business of electric appliances is facing challenge.
Beginning from the general conditions of the township chain business operation in our country and relative theories concerning logistic distribution and delivery, this essay compares the patterns of logistic distribution and delivery in the chain business of electric appliances in China and in other countries. Based on the intensive study on the existing problems of the township chain enterprises in our country, with the backdrop against the typical case, PALCENT in Zhejiang, this essay analyzes the characteristics of logistic distribution and delivery of the township chain enterprises of electric appliances. And it also discusses the models of logistic distribution and delivery and the construction of the after-sale system that are suitable for the township chain enterprises of electric appliances in Zhejiang. And the last part of the essay looks ahead on the models of logistic distribution and delivery of the township chain enterprises of electric appliances in Zhejiang. It puts forward a suggestion that the future's pattern of logistic distribution and delivery of the township chain enterprises of electric appliances in China is to set up the third-party logistics company or the centralized and unified distribution pattern combined with the logistic pattern managed by the supplier itself. And we should make full use of the B2B technology and differentiation strategy and put much emphasis on personnel training.
引文
[1]Gerand,P.Cachon,Marshall Fisher.Supply Chain Inventory Management And The Value of Share Information.Management Science,2000(8):48-50
[2]HaiQuan Chen,ChunFan Guo and Aixin Ma.Low Price Strategy and Sustainable Development of Electric Appliances Chain Stores in China.International Journal of Business Strategy,Volume Ⅶ,Number 2,2007
[3]James Haslet,Controlling Customer Logistics Service.International Journal of Physical Distribution&Logistics Management[J],1994:156-159
[4]Ken Acherman.How to Choose a Third-Party Logistics Provider[J].Material Handling Management,2000(3):52-63
[5]Ling-YunWu,Xiang-Sun Zhang,Capacitated Facility Location Problem with General Setup Cost[J].Computers& Operations Research,2006(33):1226-1241
[6]ChaunceyB.Baker.Transportation of Troops and Material,Kansas City,Mo:HudsonPublishing,1905:125
[7]Langley C J,Holcomb M C,Creating logistics customer value,Journal of Business Logistics,1992,12:1-27
[8]Bruce R.Lyons.Specific Investment,Economies of Scale,and the Make-or-Buy Decision:A Test of Transaction Cost Theory[M].Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization.1995(26):431-443
[9]毕于榜.我国连锁经营物流配送中心的建设[J].环渤海经济瞭望,2004(04):30-33
[10]曹惠清.浅析企业连锁经营的优势[J].甘肃科技,2008(13):104-105
[11]陈火根,丁红钢,程耀东.物流配送中心车辆调度模型与遗传算法设计[J].浙江大学学报,2003,37(5):513-516
[12]崔介何.发展我国物流配送的再思考[J].中国流通经济,2003(6):13-16
[13]丁立言.物流管理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000:55-56
[14]韩肃,苗钟颖.连锁经营管理[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社.2004
[15]杭栓柱,朱晓俊,黄占兵.保持固定资产投资适度增长 推动我国经济又好又快发展[J].理论研究,2008(1):2-4
[16]何明坷.现代物流与配送中心[M].北京:中国商业出版社,1997
[17]贾兴洪.连锁超市物流配送模式及其选择[J].商场现代化,2007(7):141-142
[18]姜汝祥.国美:何以持续增长[J].管理与财富,2003(4):16-18
[19]雷雾雾,王明明.连锁经营的物流配送及服务创新[J].北京化工大学学报,2003(8):45-48
[20]李纲.国外物流管理模式及我国企业的正确抉择[J].理论探索,2003(9):55-56
[21]李金萍.现代物流配送系统的运输优化调度方案[J].物流技术,2002(5):11-13
[22]李晓萍.城市物流中心货物配装的优化模型[J].财经界(下半月),2006(3),56-57
[23]李勇.农村连锁经营的限制因素及发展思路[J].商场现代化,2007(5):46-48
[24]梁春晓.电子商务-从理念到行动[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001:23-26
[25]刘航.连锁零售业物流系统及模式分析[J].北方经贸,2007(7):67-69
[26]刘艳秋,张一兰.B2C电子商务物流配送模式研究[J].物流科技,2006(29):60-62
[27]骆温平.物流与供应链管理[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002:78
[28]马守忠.农村物流的瓶颈制约与发展对策研究[J].中国市场,2007(6):38
[29]沈厚才,陶青,陈玉煌.供应链管理理论与方法[J].中国管理科学,2000(1):1-9
[30]汪旭辉.从国美的低价策略谈家电零售企业可持续竞争优势[J].经济前沿,2006(4):61-64
[31]王刚,刘凯,李钢.我国家电连锁企业的物流战略[J].中国物流与采购,2004(10):37-40
[32]王颖琦.家电物流-摸着石头过河[J].中国物流与采购,2004(20):45-46
[33]吴俊峰,章安平.我国连锁经营企业发展研究[J].商业时代,2004(21):10-11
[34]肖学芳.谨防“物流陷阱—透视家电企业蜂拥物流业”[J].中国物流与采购,2002(19):22-24
[35]谢小轩.制造业远程服务的电子商务化实现[J].计算机工程,2003(1):16-18
[36]徐芳.规模经济与产业竞争力的选择—中国零售业连锁经营研究[D].硕士学位论文,华南师范大学,2004
[37]徐剑,方晓昌.第三方物流企业核心竞争力的提升[J].商品储运与养护,2005(3):16-18
[38]徐人芳,郑杰.网络式物流配送模式初探[J].大连海事大学学报,2004(2):100-103
[39]杨涛.家电连锁企业配送物流模式[J].现代商业,2008(6):13.
[40]叶伟媛.发展农村连锁经营的对策研究[J].商场现代化,2007(2):8-9
[41]于昊.试水家电下乡制造商[J].电器,2008(06):24-26
[42]张家瑾.制约我国电子商务发展的瓶颈及对策[J].国际贸易问题,2001(8):17-19
[43]张勇.家电下乡渠道悬疑[J].IT经理世界,2009(1):24-25
[44]张中雷.家电行业B2C模式的研究[J].新西部(下半月),2008(1):126-124
[45]赵莉,叶芳,袁振洲.村镇连锁经营与物流配送网络规划技术的分析[J].物流科技,2007(11):7-8
[46]浙江百诚简介[EB/OL].http://group.palcent.com/jtgk.asp/浙江百诚网2008-10-15
[47]中国仓储协会.中国物流第二次调查报告[J].商场现代化,2001(5):21-23
[48]钟电.家电物流变革在即[J].中国工商,2002(8):38-40
[49]周殿昆.商业连锁公司快速成长机理分析[J].财贸经济,2004(3):66-71
[50]周勇.家电下乡:家电企业下乡营销中需要注意的几个问题[J].科学咨询(决策管理),2009(2):37
[51]商务部关于开展“万村千乡”市场工程试点的通知.http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/商务部官网:2005-8-23
[52]家用电器:三类公司可受关注[EB/OL].http://finance.sina.com.cn/家用电器网:2008-12-2
[53]家电下乡信息管理系[EB/OL].http://jdxx.zhs.mofcom.gov.cn/2008-12-2
[54]徐芳.规模经济与产业竞争力的选择—中国零售业连锁经营研究[D].华南师范大学,2004
[55]经济透视:连锁经营成为中国最具潜力的商品流通方式[EB/OL].中国第三方物流网,2002
[2]HaiQuan Chen,ChunFan Guo and Aixin Ma.Low Price Strategy and Sustainable Development of Electric Appliances Chain Stores in China.International Journal of Business Strategy,Volume Ⅶ,Number 2,2007
[3]James Haslet,Controlling Customer Logistics Service.International Journal of Physical Distribution&Logistics Management[J],1994:156-159
[4]Ken Acherman.How to Choose a Third-Party Logistics Provider[J].Material Handling Management,2000(3):52-63
[5]Ling-YunWu,Xiang-Sun Zhang,Capacitated Facility Location Problem with General Setup Cost[J].Computers& Operations Research,2006(33):1226-1241
[6]ChaunceyB.Baker.Transportation of Troops and Material,Kansas City,Mo:HudsonPublishing,1905:125
[7]Langley C J,Holcomb M C,Creating logistics customer value,Journal of Business Logistics,1992,12:1-27
[8]Bruce R.Lyons.Specific Investment,Economies of Scale,and the Make-or-Buy Decision:A Test of Transaction Cost Theory[M].Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization.1995(26):431-443
[9]毕于榜.我国连锁经营物流配送中心的建设[J].环渤海经济瞭望,2004(04):30-33
[10]曹惠清.浅析企业连锁经营的优势[J].甘肃科技,2008(13):104-105
[11]陈火根,丁红钢,程耀东.物流配送中心车辆调度模型与遗传算法设计[J].浙江大学学报,2003,37(5):513-516
[12]崔介何.发展我国物流配送的再思考[J].中国流通经济,2003(6):13-16
[13]丁立言.物流管理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000:55-56
[14]韩肃,苗钟颖.连锁经营管理[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社.2004
[15]杭栓柱,朱晓俊,黄占兵.保持固定资产投资适度增长 推动我国经济又好又快发展[J].理论研究,2008(1):2-4
[16]何明坷.现代物流与配送中心[M].北京:中国商业出版社,1997
[17]贾兴洪.连锁超市物流配送模式及其选择[J].商场现代化,2007(7):141-142
[18]姜汝祥.国美:何以持续增长[J].管理与财富,2003(4):16-18
[19]雷雾雾,王明明.连锁经营的物流配送及服务创新[J].北京化工大学学报,2003(8):45-48
[20]李纲.国外物流管理模式及我国企业的正确抉择[J].理论探索,2003(9):55-56
[21]李金萍.现代物流配送系统的运输优化调度方案[J].物流技术,2002(5):11-13
[22]李晓萍.城市物流中心货物配装的优化模型[J].财经界(下半月),2006(3),56-57
[23]李勇.农村连锁经营的限制因素及发展思路[J].商场现代化,2007(5):46-48
[24]梁春晓.电子商务-从理念到行动[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001:23-26
[25]刘航.连锁零售业物流系统及模式分析[J].北方经贸,2007(7):67-69
[26]刘艳秋,张一兰.B2C电子商务物流配送模式研究[J].物流科技,2006(29):60-62
[27]骆温平.物流与供应链管理[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002:78
[28]马守忠.农村物流的瓶颈制约与发展对策研究[J].中国市场,2007(6):38
[29]沈厚才,陶青,陈玉煌.供应链管理理论与方法[J].中国管理科学,2000(1):1-9
[30]汪旭辉.从国美的低价策略谈家电零售企业可持续竞争优势[J].经济前沿,2006(4):61-64
[31]王刚,刘凯,李钢.我国家电连锁企业的物流战略[J].中国物流与采购,2004(10):37-40
[32]王颖琦.家电物流-摸着石头过河[J].中国物流与采购,2004(20):45-46
[33]吴俊峰,章安平.我国连锁经营企业发展研究[J].商业时代,2004(21):10-11
[34]肖学芳.谨防“物流陷阱—透视家电企业蜂拥物流业”[J].中国物流与采购,2002(19):22-24
[35]谢小轩.制造业远程服务的电子商务化实现[J].计算机工程,2003(1):16-18
[36]徐芳.规模经济与产业竞争力的选择—中国零售业连锁经营研究[D].硕士学位论文,华南师范大学,2004
[37]徐剑,方晓昌.第三方物流企业核心竞争力的提升[J].商品储运与养护,2005(3):16-18
[38]徐人芳,郑杰.网络式物流配送模式初探[J].大连海事大学学报,2004(2):100-103
[39]杨涛.家电连锁企业配送物流模式[J].现代商业,2008(6):13.
[40]叶伟媛.发展农村连锁经营的对策研究[J].商场现代化,2007(2):8-9
[41]于昊.试水家电下乡制造商[J].电器,2008(06):24-26
[42]张家瑾.制约我国电子商务发展的瓶颈及对策[J].国际贸易问题,2001(8):17-19
[43]张勇.家电下乡渠道悬疑[J].IT经理世界,2009(1):24-25
[44]张中雷.家电行业B2C模式的研究[J].新西部(下半月),2008(1):126-124
[45]赵莉,叶芳,袁振洲.村镇连锁经营与物流配送网络规划技术的分析[J].物流科技,2007(11):7-8
[46]浙江百诚简介[EB/OL].http://group.palcent.com/jtgk.asp/浙江百诚网2008-10-15
[47]中国仓储协会.中国物流第二次调查报告[J].商场现代化,2001(5):21-23
[48]钟电.家电物流变革在即[J].中国工商,2002(8):38-40
[49]周殿昆.商业连锁公司快速成长机理分析[J].财贸经济,2004(3):66-71
[50]周勇.家电下乡:家电企业下乡营销中需要注意的几个问题[J].科学咨询(决策管理),2009(2):37
[51]商务部关于开展“万村千乡”市场工程试点的通知.http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/商务部官网:2005-8-23
[52]家用电器:三类公司可受关注[EB/OL].http://finance.sina.com.cn/家用电器网:2008-12-2
[53]家电下乡信息管理系[EB/OL].http://jdxx.zhs.mofcom.gov.cn/2008-12-2
[54]徐芳.规模经济与产业竞争力的选择—中国零售业连锁经营研究[D].华南师范大学,2004
[55]经济透视:连锁经营成为中国最具潜力的商品流通方式[EB/OL].中国第三方物流网,2002