城市轨道交通微幅振动对古建筑的影响
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摘要
本文以国家文物保护单位西安钟楼为研究对象,分析了西安即将建设和运营的城市轨道交通微幅振动对该古建筑的影响,并依据GB/T50452古建筑保护标准的容许值,提出了有利于钟楼保护的运行方式。主要研究内容如下:
(1)本文从基本承重构件梁柱的微元开始,导出木梁木柱的挠曲线方程,用弹簧作为榫卯节点约束,输入边界条件,导出榫卯节点刚度值;针对钟楼建立ANSYS有限元模型,对结果和实测数据进行对比分析。结果表明本文提出的计算方法适用于木结构古建筑的榫卯节点刚度分析计算。
(2)高台基是许多古建筑重要的组成部分,本文对高台基对上部结构的影响进行了探讨。论文对西安钟楼为算例采用台基的高度、截面形式、内部动初始弹性模量不同的取值,建立了高台基与上部木结构共同作用的三维有限元模型,得到了不同参数对上部木结构振型的影响,与不考虑高台基时的木结构的各个振型的自振频率进行对比。结果表明,不同参数的高台基对于上部木结构的动力影响有明显的区别。
(3)论文采用三维垂直加载模型与单线加载经SRSS处理两种分析方式,分析了地铁二、六号线不同运行方式对钟楼的振动影响。
(4)论文首次考虑了二号线地铁钟楼站台对于钟楼的振动影响。通过二号线单线起动加速运行,双线变速运行对钟楼的影响与匀速运行的振动幅值进行对比分析,结果表明地铁振动对钟楼的影响应考虑站台的影响。
(5)论文在采用浮置板轨道隔振的基础上,通过减振后的振动幅值与容许值的对比,对于地铁的运行提出合理的建议。
According to the research of the national cultural relic- Xi’an Bell Tower, the impact of the ground traffic slight vibration induced by the upcoming construction and operation of Xi'an urban rail on the ancient architecture was analysed, and based on the allowable value in GB/T50452 ancient building protection standards, the way of running was proposed to protect the Bell Tower. The main contents are as follows:
(1)By analysing the infinitesimal of the beam and column, which is the basic load-bearing elements, the deflection curve equation of the timber beams and wooden pillars was derived. With the spring as the constraint of the tenon joints, and inputing boundary conditions, the stiffness of the tenon joints was derived. Making use of the finite element software ANSYS to build the finite element model, the calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental dates, and the proposed method applied to the analysis and calculation for the stiffness of the tenon joints in wooden ancient buildings.
(2)The high-station base is an important part of many ancient buildings, this paper has studied the impact of the high-station base on the upper structure. Different heights of the station base, cross-section forms, and the internal fixed value of initial elastic modulus have been taken to establish the finite element model of the high-station base with the upper wooden structure interaction, and the impact of different parameters on the different vibrating modes of the upper part of wooden structure was obtained, and compared with the self-vibration frequency of the wooden structures with no high-station base. The results showed that the high-station bases which with different parameters has significant different impacts on the dynamic effects of the upper wooden structure.
(3)The model of the three-dimensional vertical load and the single load had been analysed by ways of SRSS, the effect of two different operation modes -- the second line and the sixth line on the vibration of the Bell Tower was analysed..
(4)The impact of the second line subway’s Bell Tower station on the vibration of the Bell Tower was considered for the first time. By compared with the vibration amplitudes of the Single-start acceleration run, two-speed operation and uniform operation, it was showed that the vibration of the Bell Tower should consider the impact of the site.
(5)On the base of using the floating slab track for isolation, compared the damped vibration amplitude and the allowable values, reasonable running recommendation were suggested for the subway.
(1)本文从基本承重构件梁柱的微元开始,导出木梁木柱的挠曲线方程,用弹簧作为榫卯节点约束,输入边界条件,导出榫卯节点刚度值;针对钟楼建立ANSYS有限元模型,对结果和实测数据进行对比分析。结果表明本文提出的计算方法适用于木结构古建筑的榫卯节点刚度分析计算。
(2)高台基是许多古建筑重要的组成部分,本文对高台基对上部结构的影响进行了探讨。论文对西安钟楼为算例采用台基的高度、截面形式、内部动初始弹性模量不同的取值,建立了高台基与上部木结构共同作用的三维有限元模型,得到了不同参数对上部木结构振型的影响,与不考虑高台基时的木结构的各个振型的自振频率进行对比。结果表明,不同参数的高台基对于上部木结构的动力影响有明显的区别。
(3)论文采用三维垂直加载模型与单线加载经SRSS处理两种分析方式,分析了地铁二、六号线不同运行方式对钟楼的振动影响。
(4)论文首次考虑了二号线地铁钟楼站台对于钟楼的振动影响。通过二号线单线起动加速运行,双线变速运行对钟楼的影响与匀速运行的振动幅值进行对比分析,结果表明地铁振动对钟楼的影响应考虑站台的影响。
(5)论文在采用浮置板轨道隔振的基础上,通过减振后的振动幅值与容许值的对比,对于地铁的运行提出合理的建议。
According to the research of the national cultural relic- Xi’an Bell Tower, the impact of the ground traffic slight vibration induced by the upcoming construction and operation of Xi'an urban rail on the ancient architecture was analysed, and based on the allowable value in GB/T50452 ancient building protection standards, the way of running was proposed to protect the Bell Tower. The main contents are as follows:
(1)By analysing the infinitesimal of the beam and column, which is the basic load-bearing elements, the deflection curve equation of the timber beams and wooden pillars was derived. With the spring as the constraint of the tenon joints, and inputing boundary conditions, the stiffness of the tenon joints was derived. Making use of the finite element software ANSYS to build the finite element model, the calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental dates, and the proposed method applied to the analysis and calculation for the stiffness of the tenon joints in wooden ancient buildings.
(2)The high-station base is an important part of many ancient buildings, this paper has studied the impact of the high-station base on the upper structure. Different heights of the station base, cross-section forms, and the internal fixed value of initial elastic modulus have been taken to establish the finite element model of the high-station base with the upper wooden structure interaction, and the impact of different parameters on the different vibrating modes of the upper part of wooden structure was obtained, and compared with the self-vibration frequency of the wooden structures with no high-station base. The results showed that the high-station bases which with different parameters has significant different impacts on the dynamic effects of the upper wooden structure.
(3)The model of the three-dimensional vertical load and the single load had been analysed by ways of SRSS, the effect of two different operation modes -- the second line and the sixth line on the vibration of the Bell Tower was analysed..
(4)The impact of the second line subway’s Bell Tower station on the vibration of the Bell Tower was considered for the first time. By compared with the vibration amplitudes of the Single-start acceleration run, two-speed operation and uniform operation, it was showed that the vibration of the Bell Tower should consider the impact of the site.
(5)On the base of using the floating slab track for isolation, compared the damped vibration amplitude and the allowable values, reasonable running recommendation were suggested for the subway.
引文
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[8]张弥,夏禾,冯爱军.轻轨列车和高架桥梁系统的动力响应分析[J].北方交通大学学报, 1994, 18(l): l～8.
[9]刘维宁,夏禾.地铁列车振动的环境影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 1996, 15(增刊): 586～593.
[10]胡宗允,李晶晶.地铁列车荷载分析方法[J].路基工程, 2006, (5): 18～20.
[11]潘昌实, Pande, G.N.黄土隧道列车动荷载响应有限元初步数定分析研究[J].土木工程学报, 1984, 17(4): 18～28.
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[14]楼梦麟,李守继等.地铁引起地面振动信号的谱分析[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 36(9): 1160～1163.
[15]楼梦麟,李守继等.基于多点输入的地铁引起房屋振动评价研究.振动与冲击, 2007, 26(12): 84～87.
[16]陈建国,夏禾等.高架轨道交通列车对周围环境振动影响的试验研究[J].振动与冲击, 2011, 30(2): 159～162.
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[19] Lombaert,G., and Degrade,G.Experimental validation of a numerical pre-diction model for free field traffic induced vibrations[J]. Soil Dynamics and earthquake Engineering, 2001, 21(6): 485～497
[20] Takemiya,H.Prediction of train/traffic induced ground vibrations and mitigation by WIB[A]. Environmental Vibrations ISEV2005, 2005,3 99-409.
[21]楼梦麟,李守继.地铁引起建筑物振动评价研究[J].振动与击, 2007, 26(8), 2007, 26(8): 68～71.
[22]申跃奎.地铁激励下振动的传播规律及建筑物隔振减振研究[D].同济大学,博士学位论文, 2007.
[23]姚锦宝,夏禾等.列车运行引起高层建筑物振动分析[J].中国铁道科学, 2009, 30(2): 71～75.
[24]王少钦,夏禾等.变速移动荷载作用下简支梁桥的动力响应及共振分析[J].振动与冲击, 2010, 29(2): 26～30.
[25]谢伟平,谢洪刚.地铁运行时引起的土的波动分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2003, 22(7): 1180～1184.
[26]阎维明,张伟等.地铁运营诱发振动实测及传播规律[J].北京工业大学学报, 2006, 32(2): 149～153.
[27]刘建达,苏晓梅等.地铁运行引起的地面振动分析[J].自然灾害学报, 2007, 16(5): 148～154.
[28]俞茂宏,张学彬.西安古城墙研究一建筑结构和抗震[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社, 1994.
[29]薛建阳,赵鸿铁,张鹏程.中国古建筑木结构模型的振动台试验研究[J].土木工程学报, 2004, 37(6): 6～11.
[30]孟昭博.西安钟楼的交通振动响应分析及评估[D].西安建筑科技大学,博士学位论文, 2009.
[31]姚侃.古建筑木结构的结构特性及抗震性能研究[D].西安建筑科技大学,博士学位论文, 2006.
[32]中华人民共和国国家标准.古建筑木结构维护与加固技术规范(GB50165一92)[5].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 1993.
[33]王晓欢.古建筑旧木材材性变化及其无损检测研究[D].内蒙古农业大学,硕士学位论文2006,
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[37] [美] R.克拉夫, J.彭津著,王光远等译校.结构动力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2007.
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[2]田春芝.地铁振动对周围建筑物影响的研究概况.铁道劳动安全卫生与环保2000, 27(l): 64～67.
[3]徐健主编.建筑振动工程手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2003.
[4] Jones,D.V., and Petyt ,M.Ground vibration in the vicinity of a strip load:a two-dimensional half-space model[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1991, 147(1): 155～166.
[5]李守继.地铁引起环境振动及房屋浮置楼板隔振研究[D].同济大学,博士学位论文, 2008.
[6] Van den Broeck P.A prediction model for ground-borne vibrations due to railway traffic [D]. Belgium: Leuven University, 2001.
[7]曹艳梅.列车引起的自由场地及建筑物振动的理论分析和试验研究[D].北京交通大学,博士学位论文, 2006.
[8]张弥,夏禾,冯爱军.轻轨列车和高架桥梁系统的动力响应分析[J].北方交通大学学报, 1994, 18(l): l～8.
[9]刘维宁,夏禾.地铁列车振动的环境影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 1996, 15(增刊): 586～593.
[10]胡宗允,李晶晶.地铁列车荷载分析方法[J].路基工程, 2006, (5): 18～20.
[11]潘昌实, Pande, G.N.黄土隧道列车动荷载响应有限元初步数定分析研究[J].土木工程学报, 1984, 17(4): 18～28.
[12]潘昌实,谢正光.地铁区间隧道列车振动与监测[J].土木工程学报, 1990, 23(2): 21～28.
[13]潘昌实,李德武,谢正光.北京地铁列车振动对环境影响的探讨[J].振动与冲击, 1995, 14(4): 19～34.
[14]楼梦麟,李守继等.地铁引起地面振动信号的谱分析[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 36(9): 1160～1163.
[15]楼梦麟,李守继等.基于多点输入的地铁引起房屋振动评价研究.振动与冲击, 2007, 26(12): 84～87.
[16]陈建国,夏禾等.高架轨道交通列车对周围环境振动影响的试验研究[J].振动与冲击, 2011, 30(2): 159～162.
[17] Nelson,J.TransportationNoiseReferenceBook[M]. Butteworth&Co.Ltd, 1987
[18] Melke,J.Noise and Vibration from underground railway lines: Proposals for a predietion procedure[J]. Journal of sound and Vibration. 1988, 120(2):391～406
[19] Lombaert,G., and Degrade,G.Experimental validation of a numerical pre-diction model for free field traffic induced vibrations[J]. Soil Dynamics and earthquake Engineering, 2001, 21(6): 485～497
[20] Takemiya,H.Prediction of train/traffic induced ground vibrations and mitigation by WIB[A]. Environmental Vibrations ISEV2005, 2005,3 99-409.
[21]楼梦麟,李守继.地铁引起建筑物振动评价研究[J].振动与击, 2007, 26(8), 2007, 26(8): 68～71.
[22]申跃奎.地铁激励下振动的传播规律及建筑物隔振减振研究[D].同济大学,博士学位论文, 2007.
[23]姚锦宝,夏禾等.列车运行引起高层建筑物振动分析[J].中国铁道科学, 2009, 30(2): 71～75.
[24]王少钦,夏禾等.变速移动荷载作用下简支梁桥的动力响应及共振分析[J].振动与冲击, 2010, 29(2): 26～30.
[25]谢伟平,谢洪刚.地铁运行时引起的土的波动分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2003, 22(7): 1180～1184.
[26]阎维明,张伟等.地铁运营诱发振动实测及传播规律[J].北京工业大学学报, 2006, 32(2): 149～153.
[27]刘建达,苏晓梅等.地铁运行引起的地面振动分析[J].自然灾害学报, 2007, 16(5): 148～154.
[28]俞茂宏,张学彬.西安古城墙研究一建筑结构和抗震[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社, 1994.
[29]薛建阳,赵鸿铁,张鹏程.中国古建筑木结构模型的振动台试验研究[J].土木工程学报, 2004, 37(6): 6～11.
[30]孟昭博.西安钟楼的交通振动响应分析及评估[D].西安建筑科技大学,博士学位论文, 2009.
[31]姚侃.古建筑木结构的结构特性及抗震性能研究[D].西安建筑科技大学,博士学位论文, 2006.
[32]中华人民共和国国家标准.古建筑木结构维护与加固技术规范(GB50165一92)[5].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 1993.
[33]王晓欢.古建筑旧木材材性变化及其无损检测研究[D].内蒙古农业大学,硕士学位论文2006,
[34]倪士珠,李源哲.古建筑木结构用材的树种调查及主要材性分析[J].四川建筑科学研究, 1994(l): 11～14.
[35]赵学增,刘一星,李坚等.用FFT方法分析木材的打击音响一快速测定木材弹性模量研究[J].东北林业大学学报(增刊), 1998: 29～35.
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