油桐花芽分化对激素信号响应的生理生化机制
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摘要
油桐具有独特的生物学特性,有成为经济林模式植物的潜力。本试验选用具有独特早花特性的对年桐为研究对象,通过对其进行不同浓度水平的外源6-BA, ABA, GA处理,研究外源激素对油桐内源激素、主要营养物质和花芽分化的影响,从而了解油桐花芽分化对激素信号响应的生理生化机理,揭示花芽分化过程中激素与营养的内在联系和相互作用,为进一步的花期调控和花果管理提供依据。本论文主要研究结果如下：
1、喷施6-BA, ABA能有效地提高油桐的花芽分化率。其中促进作用最明显的是处理B2(ABA 100mg/L)和A1(6-BA 25mg/L),花芽分化率达88.86%和86.83%,比对照提高了41.28%和39.26%；而处理A3(6-BA 100mg/L)、B3(ABA 200mg/L)对花芽分化影响效果不明显；喷施GA,则降低了花芽分化率,抑制作用较明显的是C3(GA 200mg/L)。经方差分析表明,除A3、B3外,各处理与对照差异极显著。
2、在花芽生理分化和形态分化前期,6-BA、ABA处理叶片可溶性总糖和淀粉含量呈现上升趋势。在花芽形态分化后期,可溶性总糖含量呈现下降趋势。而GA处理的叶片可溶性总糖和淀粉含量虽然变化趋势与前两种外源激素类似,但对其含量基本与对照相同或低于对照。说明外源激素处理,对总糖的调运和分配能力产生影响,调整了C/N的变化,从而对成花产生影响。
3、可溶性蛋白在花芽分化呈现先上升后下降的趋势,表明花芽分化时需要大量的蛋白质的积累。GA处理明显的降低了蛋白质的含量,而6-BA和ABA处理对可溶性蛋白的提高有促进作用。
4、在花芽生理分化期,6-BA和ABA处理能明显降低植株体内IAA和GA的含量,提高ABA和ZR的含量。而GA处理则相反,能明显提高植株体内IAA和GA的含量,降低ABA和ZR的含量。总体上,在花芽分化期,内源GA含量变化幅度不大,为所测四种激素中含量最低。在花芽生理分化期,IAA、GA、ABA和ZR含量都有一个上升高峰,在花芽形态分化中后期,IAA、GA波动下降,ABA和ZR则持续下降。在花芽生理分化期,IAA、GA、ABA和ZR含量同时上升,有利于维持ABA/IAA、ZR/GA的平衡,有助于促进花芽形态分化,提高花芽质量。
5、6-BA和ABA处理对ZR/GA、ZR/IAA、ABA/IAA和ABA/GA比值的提高有明显促进作用。其中处理A1、A2(6-BA 50mg/L)、B2、B1(ABA 50mg/L)的效应大于ZR含量的提高是促进成花率增加和提高花芽质量的关键因素。
The Tung oil tree has the unique characteristic and has the potential to be the model plant in non-timber forest. In this experiment the duinian which has early-flowering characteristic was applied as the plant materials. The plant were treated with 6-BA, ABA and GA in different concentration level. The purpose of the experiment is to research the effect of 6-BA, ABA and GA on the endogenous hormones of the Tung oil tree, the main nutritious elements, and the differentiation of flower buds. So as to understand the Tung oil tree's physiological and biochemical principium, show the internal relations and reciprocity between endogenous hormone and nourishment at the process of flower bud differentiation, and provide the evidence of florescence regulate and culture management. The main results of the thesis are as below:
1、Using 6-BA, ABA and GA could promote the flower bud formation of Tung oil tree. The treatment B2 (ABA 100mg/L) and A1 (6-BA 25mg/L) have the best simulative effect. The flower bud differentiation achieve to 88.86% and 86.83%, which have improved to 41.28% and 39.26% compare that of the contrast. It has less effect of the flowering bud formation by using A3 (6-BA 100mg/L) and B3 (ABA 200mg/L). Using GA could reduce the flowering bud formation, and C3 (GA 200mg/L) has remarkable inhibiting effect. Square difference analysis shows that kinds of treatment ways have reached significant level except A3 and B3.
2、In the early period of physiological differentiation and morphological differentiation, the treatment 6-BA and ABA could make the content of soluble total sugar and soluble starch turn uptrend. In the ending period of physiological differentiation and morphological differentiation, the content of soluble total sugar and soluble starch turned downtrend. Although the leaves total sugar and starch's transformation of treatment GA was similar with treatment 6-BA and ABA, but the content normally was same or less than the contrast. It indicates that treatment of endogenous hormones reinforced the transportation and distribution ability of leaves total sugar. The C/N ratio was also adjusted. So it could accelerate the flower bud differentiation.
3、The soluble protein content turned the trend up-and down orderly. It shows that the accumulation of protein is necessary for flower bud differentiation. The treatment GA promote the content of soluble protein content.
4、In the period of physiological differentiation, the treatments 6-BA and ABA could decrease the content of IAA and GA in leaves obviously, and increase the content of ABA and ZR of plant remarkable. With the contrary effect, the treatment GA could increase the content of IAA and GAand decrease the content of ABA and ZR of plant obviously. For overview, in the period of physiological differentiation, the level of GA has un-remarkable movement. It has the lowest level of the four hormones which tested. In the early period of physiological differentiation, the content of IAA, GA, ABA and ZR could increase to a flood tide. In the middle and ending period of morphological differentiation, the content of GA and IAA were decreased by fluctuations, and the content of ABA and ZR were decreased continuously. In the early period of physiological differentiation, the content of IAA, GA, ZR and ABA increased together. It is beneficial for the balancing of ABA/IAA、ZR/GA, and it is helpful to improve the flower bud differentiation and the flower quality.
5、In the period of flower bud differentiation, treatments 6-BA and ABA could increase the ratio of ZR/GA, ZR/IAA, ABA/IAA and ABA/GA remarkably. It has opposite effect for treatment GA which could restrain the improvement of these four ratios. Among those treatments, treatment B2, A1, A2 and B1 were more effective than treatment A3 and B3. It shows that the level of ABA and ZR are the key facts for the improvement of flower bud differentiation and flower quality.
1、喷施6-BA, ABA能有效地提高油桐的花芽分化率。其中促进作用最明显的是处理B2(ABA 100mg/L)和A1(6-BA 25mg/L),花芽分化率达88.86%和86.83%,比对照提高了41.28%和39.26%；而处理A3(6-BA 100mg/L)、B3(ABA 200mg/L)对花芽分化影响效果不明显；喷施GA,则降低了花芽分化率,抑制作用较明显的是C3(GA 200mg/L)。经方差分析表明,除A3、B3外,各处理与对照差异极显著。
2、在花芽生理分化和形态分化前期,6-BA、ABA处理叶片可溶性总糖和淀粉含量呈现上升趋势。在花芽形态分化后期,可溶性总糖含量呈现下降趋势。而GA处理的叶片可溶性总糖和淀粉含量虽然变化趋势与前两种外源激素类似,但对其含量基本与对照相同或低于对照。说明外源激素处理,对总糖的调运和分配能力产生影响,调整了C/N的变化,从而对成花产生影响。
3、可溶性蛋白在花芽分化呈现先上升后下降的趋势,表明花芽分化时需要大量的蛋白质的积累。GA处理明显的降低了蛋白质的含量,而6-BA和ABA处理对可溶性蛋白的提高有促进作用。
4、在花芽生理分化期,6-BA和ABA处理能明显降低植株体内IAA和GA的含量,提高ABA和ZR的含量。而GA处理则相反,能明显提高植株体内IAA和GA的含量,降低ABA和ZR的含量。总体上,在花芽分化期,内源GA含量变化幅度不大,为所测四种激素中含量最低。在花芽生理分化期,IAA、GA、ABA和ZR含量都有一个上升高峰,在花芽形态分化中后期,IAA、GA波动下降,ABA和ZR则持续下降。在花芽生理分化期,IAA、GA、ABA和ZR含量同时上升,有利于维持ABA/IAA、ZR/GA的平衡,有助于促进花芽形态分化,提高花芽质量。
5、6-BA和ABA处理对ZR/GA、ZR/IAA、ABA/IAA和ABA/GA比值的提高有明显促进作用。其中处理A1、A2(6-BA 50mg/L)、B2、B1(ABA 50mg/L)的效应大于ZR含量的提高是促进成花率增加和提高花芽质量的关键因素。
The Tung oil tree has the unique characteristic and has the potential to be the model plant in non-timber forest. In this experiment the duinian which has early-flowering characteristic was applied as the plant materials. The plant were treated with 6-BA, ABA and GA in different concentration level. The purpose of the experiment is to research the effect of 6-BA, ABA and GA on the endogenous hormones of the Tung oil tree, the main nutritious elements, and the differentiation of flower buds. So as to understand the Tung oil tree's physiological and biochemical principium, show the internal relations and reciprocity between endogenous hormone and nourishment at the process of flower bud differentiation, and provide the evidence of florescence regulate and culture management. The main results of the thesis are as below:
1、Using 6-BA, ABA and GA could promote the flower bud formation of Tung oil tree. The treatment B2 (ABA 100mg/L) and A1 (6-BA 25mg/L) have the best simulative effect. The flower bud differentiation achieve to 88.86% and 86.83%, which have improved to 41.28% and 39.26% compare that of the contrast. It has less effect of the flowering bud formation by using A3 (6-BA 100mg/L) and B3 (ABA 200mg/L). Using GA could reduce the flowering bud formation, and C3 (GA 200mg/L) has remarkable inhibiting effect. Square difference analysis shows that kinds of treatment ways have reached significant level except A3 and B3.
2、In the early period of physiological differentiation and morphological differentiation, the treatment 6-BA and ABA could make the content of soluble total sugar and soluble starch turn uptrend. In the ending period of physiological differentiation and morphological differentiation, the content of soluble total sugar and soluble starch turned downtrend. Although the leaves total sugar and starch's transformation of treatment GA was similar with treatment 6-BA and ABA, but the content normally was same or less than the contrast. It indicates that treatment of endogenous hormones reinforced the transportation and distribution ability of leaves total sugar. The C/N ratio was also adjusted. So it could accelerate the flower bud differentiation.
3、The soluble protein content turned the trend up-and down orderly. It shows that the accumulation of protein is necessary for flower bud differentiation. The treatment GA promote the content of soluble protein content.
4、In the period of physiological differentiation, the treatments 6-BA and ABA could decrease the content of IAA and GA in leaves obviously, and increase the content of ABA and ZR of plant remarkable. With the contrary effect, the treatment GA could increase the content of IAA and GAand decrease the content of ABA and ZR of plant obviously. For overview, in the period of physiological differentiation, the level of GA has un-remarkable movement. It has the lowest level of the four hormones which tested. In the early period of physiological differentiation, the content of IAA, GA, ABA and ZR could increase to a flood tide. In the middle and ending period of morphological differentiation, the content of GA and IAA were decreased by fluctuations, and the content of ABA and ZR were decreased continuously. In the early period of physiological differentiation, the content of IAA, GA, ZR and ABA increased together. It is beneficial for the balancing of ABA/IAA、ZR/GA, and it is helpful to improve the flower bud differentiation and the flower quality.
5、In the period of flower bud differentiation, treatments 6-BA and ABA could increase the ratio of ZR/GA, ZR/IAA, ABA/IAA and ABA/GA remarkably. It has opposite effect for treatment GA which could restrain the improvement of these four ratios. Among those treatments, treatment B2, A1, A2 and B1 were more effective than treatment A3 and B3. It shows that the level of ABA and ZR are the key facts for the improvement of flower bud differentiation and flower quality.
引文
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