人体腐蚀环境下TLM钛合金的微磨粒磨损研究
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摘要
人工假体植入人体后,在人体内环境下受到腐蚀与磨损的作用,磨损所产生的颗粒小于10μm,属于微磨粒磨损的范畴。目前国内外对于人体植入材料在人体环境下的微磨粒磨损的研究尚处于起步阶段。
本文以TLM钛合金为主要研究材料,以TAMZ钛合金作对比,通过测量极化曲线和时间电流曲线,研究了不同热处理状态的TLM以及TAMZ钛合金在模拟体液中的电化学腐蚀行为。在TE66微磨粒磨损试验机上系统地研究了钛合金在模拟人体体液中的微磨粒磨损行为。考察了各摩擦因素(浓度、载荷、速度、磨粒的种类、滑移距离和摩擦副等)对TLM钛合金和TAMZ钛合金微磨粒磨损的影响规律,对微磨粒磨损与腐蚀的交互作用进行了探讨,最后建立了材料磨损机制图、材料流失图及选材图。
通过研究,得到如下主要结论:
(1)TLM合金在不同模拟体液中腐蚀倾向由大到小依次为含有蛋白质的Hank's溶液、Hank's溶液和Ringer's溶液,且在Hank's溶液中的耐蚀性不如TAMZ钛合金的好。
(2)随着料浆浓度、摩擦配副硬度增加和磨粒直径的增大,TLM和TAMZ钛合金磨损体积逐渐增大。随着速度增加,钛合金的磨损体积降低。在较低浓度时,磨损体积随着滑移距离的延长先增加后降低;较高浓度时,磨损体积随滑移距离延长而增加;在Hank's溶液中的磨损体积比蒸馏水中的要大。其中料浆浓度和载荷是影响材料磨损的关键因素。
(3)在模拟人体关节运动摩擦学条件下,TLM和TAMZ钛合金均出现了二体磨损、混合磨损和三体磨损机制。不同磨损机制的出现与材料性能和试验条件有较大的相关性。一般随载荷增加,磨损机制由三体磨损过渡到混合磨损和二体磨损,而当滑行距离和料浆浓度增加时,磨损机制则从二体磨损向混合磨损和三体磨损过渡。钛合金在三体磨损下的磨损体积一般大于二体磨损下的磨损体积。
(4)通过基于电化学技术的微磨粒磨损—腐蚀交互作用评价手段,对钛合金在模拟体液环境下的腐蚀磨损行为研究表明:钛合金植入磨损行为不但受到合金力学性能的影响,而且受到合金耐蚀性能的影响。从微观上讲磨损和腐蚀的交互作用是导致材料流失的主要原因,且磨损因素是交互作用的控制因素。
(5)在材料流失率图中,出现了低、中、高流失率区域,并以中低流失率区域为主。中低流失率区域主要发生在中低浓度、中高载荷下,高流失率区域主要发生在高浓度、低载荷下。选材图中TLM钛合金的选择范围大于TAMZ钛合金,鉴于相同条件下TLM钛合金的耐磨性优于TAMZ钛合金,确定TLM钛合金为最佳选择。
When artificial prosthesis were implanted into human body, particles generated by reaction of corrosion and abrasion in human body environment were usually less than 10μm, which belonged to the scope of micro-abrasive wear. The domestic study on micro-scale abrasion wear of implanted materials in body internal environment was still in its starting period at present.
Vitro electrochemical corrosion behavior in simulated human body fluids of TLM and TAMZ titanium alloys with different heat treatment state were studied through current polarization curve and time curve measurement experiments. Micro-abrasion wear behavior of TLM and TAMZ titanium alloys in simulated human body fluids were studied in this paper on TE66 Micro-Scale Abrasion Tester. The influence of different friction factors (slurry concentration, friction load, friction speed, abrasive type, friction sliding distance and friction pair, etc.) on TLM and TAMZ titanium alloys during micro-abrasive wear process were investigated. The interaction between electrochemical corrosion and micro-abrasive wear were discussed and finally the wear mechanism maps, wastage maps and materials selection maps were established. The mainly results were:
(1) Among all different simulated body fluids to TLM alloy, Ringer's solution has the highest corrosion properties, the second was Hank's solution and the last was Hank's solution with protein. Corrosion property of TAMZ alloy was better than TLM in Hank's solution.
(2) The wear volume of TLM and TAMZ alloys were increased with slurry concentration, hardness of friction pairs and diameter of abrasive grain. While wear volume lost of the titanium alloys were decreased when sliding velocity increased. When slurry concentration was low, wear volume lost was increased at first, and then decreased with sliding distance prolonged. When slurry concentration was higher, wear volume lost was increased as sliding distance increased. The wear volume lost of titanium alloys in distilled water was less than that in Hank's solution. The key factor which affected the wear properties of two titanium alloys were slurry concentration and load.
(3) The two-body mechanism, three-body mechanism and mixed mechanism were found for TLM and TAMZ alloys under the tribological condition simulating the movement of joint. The different wear mechanism had great relevance with the properties of materials and the experiment conditions. As the load was increased, there was transition from three-body rolling abrasion to mixed abrasion or two-body grooving abrasion. With an increase of slurry concentration and sliding distance, there was a transition from two-body grooving wear mechanism to mixed mechanism or three-body rolling mechanism. The wear volume under the three-body wear mechanism was larger than two-body wear mechanism.
(4) The corrosion-wear behavior of titanium alloys was investigated by corrosion interaction and micro-abrasive wear method based on electrochemical technology. The results showed that wear behavior of implanted used titanium alloys was affected not only by mechanical properties but also by resistance erosion properties of the alloys. The interaction between corrosion and abrasion was the main reason which caused thematerial loss, and abrasive was the control factor during interaction process.
(5) In wastage maps, there were lower, middle and higher rate loss of the region, the higher rate region mainly occurred while concentration was higher and loading was lower. Considering from the wastage maps, TLM titanium alloy were better than TAMZ titanium alloys under the same conditions.
本文以TLM钛合金为主要研究材料,以TAMZ钛合金作对比,通过测量极化曲线和时间电流曲线,研究了不同热处理状态的TLM以及TAMZ钛合金在模拟体液中的电化学腐蚀行为。在TE66微磨粒磨损试验机上系统地研究了钛合金在模拟人体体液中的微磨粒磨损行为。考察了各摩擦因素(浓度、载荷、速度、磨粒的种类、滑移距离和摩擦副等)对TLM钛合金和TAMZ钛合金微磨粒磨损的影响规律,对微磨粒磨损与腐蚀的交互作用进行了探讨,最后建立了材料磨损机制图、材料流失图及选材图。
通过研究,得到如下主要结论:
(1)TLM合金在不同模拟体液中腐蚀倾向由大到小依次为含有蛋白质的Hank's溶液、Hank's溶液和Ringer's溶液,且在Hank's溶液中的耐蚀性不如TAMZ钛合金的好。
(2)随着料浆浓度、摩擦配副硬度增加和磨粒直径的增大,TLM和TAMZ钛合金磨损体积逐渐增大。随着速度增加,钛合金的磨损体积降低。在较低浓度时,磨损体积随着滑移距离的延长先增加后降低;较高浓度时,磨损体积随滑移距离延长而增加;在Hank's溶液中的磨损体积比蒸馏水中的要大。其中料浆浓度和载荷是影响材料磨损的关键因素。
(3)在模拟人体关节运动摩擦学条件下,TLM和TAMZ钛合金均出现了二体磨损、混合磨损和三体磨损机制。不同磨损机制的出现与材料性能和试验条件有较大的相关性。一般随载荷增加,磨损机制由三体磨损过渡到混合磨损和二体磨损,而当滑行距离和料浆浓度增加时,磨损机制则从二体磨损向混合磨损和三体磨损过渡。钛合金在三体磨损下的磨损体积一般大于二体磨损下的磨损体积。
(4)通过基于电化学技术的微磨粒磨损—腐蚀交互作用评价手段,对钛合金在模拟体液环境下的腐蚀磨损行为研究表明:钛合金植入磨损行为不但受到合金力学性能的影响,而且受到合金耐蚀性能的影响。从微观上讲磨损和腐蚀的交互作用是导致材料流失的主要原因,且磨损因素是交互作用的控制因素。
(5)在材料流失率图中,出现了低、中、高流失率区域,并以中低流失率区域为主。中低流失率区域主要发生在中低浓度、中高载荷下,高流失率区域主要发生在高浓度、低载荷下。选材图中TLM钛合金的选择范围大于TAMZ钛合金,鉴于相同条件下TLM钛合金的耐磨性优于TAMZ钛合金,确定TLM钛合金为最佳选择。
When artificial prosthesis were implanted into human body, particles generated by reaction of corrosion and abrasion in human body environment were usually less than 10μm, which belonged to the scope of micro-abrasive wear. The domestic study on micro-scale abrasion wear of implanted materials in body internal environment was still in its starting period at present.
Vitro electrochemical corrosion behavior in simulated human body fluids of TLM and TAMZ titanium alloys with different heat treatment state were studied through current polarization curve and time curve measurement experiments. Micro-abrasion wear behavior of TLM and TAMZ titanium alloys in simulated human body fluids were studied in this paper on TE66 Micro-Scale Abrasion Tester. The influence of different friction factors (slurry concentration, friction load, friction speed, abrasive type, friction sliding distance and friction pair, etc.) on TLM and TAMZ titanium alloys during micro-abrasive wear process were investigated. The interaction between electrochemical corrosion and micro-abrasive wear were discussed and finally the wear mechanism maps, wastage maps and materials selection maps were established. The mainly results were:
(1) Among all different simulated body fluids to TLM alloy, Ringer's solution has the highest corrosion properties, the second was Hank's solution and the last was Hank's solution with protein. Corrosion property of TAMZ alloy was better than TLM in Hank's solution.
(2) The wear volume of TLM and TAMZ alloys were increased with slurry concentration, hardness of friction pairs and diameter of abrasive grain. While wear volume lost of the titanium alloys were decreased when sliding velocity increased. When slurry concentration was low, wear volume lost was increased at first, and then decreased with sliding distance prolonged. When slurry concentration was higher, wear volume lost was increased as sliding distance increased. The wear volume lost of titanium alloys in distilled water was less than that in Hank's solution. The key factor which affected the wear properties of two titanium alloys were slurry concentration and load.
(3) The two-body mechanism, three-body mechanism and mixed mechanism were found for TLM and TAMZ alloys under the tribological condition simulating the movement of joint. The different wear mechanism had great relevance with the properties of materials and the experiment conditions. As the load was increased, there was transition from three-body rolling abrasion to mixed abrasion or two-body grooving abrasion. With an increase of slurry concentration and sliding distance, there was a transition from two-body grooving wear mechanism to mixed mechanism or three-body rolling mechanism. The wear volume under the three-body wear mechanism was larger than two-body wear mechanism.
(4) The corrosion-wear behavior of titanium alloys was investigated by corrosion interaction and micro-abrasive wear method based on electrochemical technology. The results showed that wear behavior of implanted used titanium alloys was affected not only by mechanical properties but also by resistance erosion properties of the alloys. The interaction between corrosion and abrasion was the main reason which caused thematerial loss, and abrasive was the control factor during interaction process.
(5) In wastage maps, there were lower, middle and higher rate loss of the region, the higher rate region mainly occurred while concentration was higher and loading was lower. Considering from the wastage maps, TLM titanium alloy were better than TAMZ titanium alloys under the same conditions.
引文
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