台车式热处理炉设计中关键技术问题研究
|
摘要
本文是在完成东北特钢集团大连基地二炼厂热处理车间台车式高速脉冲热处理炉设计工作的基础上,对台车式热处理炉设计中的关键技术问题进行了研究。
(1)脉冲燃烧及其控制技术是脉冲燃烧热处理炉的技术核心。本文对燃烧系统点火、火焰监测、燃烧过程各参数监控、炉温自动控制及时序脉冲燃烧控制技术工作原理等内容进行了专项研究。给出了多种工况下,脉冲时序组成和控制策略。
(2)本文以辐射喷流换热器为例,建立了辐射喷流换热器工作模型,分析了周期性工作条件下换热器的传热特性(空气预热温度、壁温、传热系数)随炉况的变化。给出了周期式炉上使用换热器时其经济换热面积的计算方法。并研究了辐射喷流换热器的结构参数对综合传热系数的影响。
(3)运用流体动力学计算软件(CFD)Fluent,对采用高速脉冲燃烧的狭长炉膛的三维流场进行了数值模拟,分别获得了排烟口在炉尾、炉顶时的热处理炉内的气体压力的分布规律。通过对炉膛内的压力分布状况分析表明,对于采用脉冲燃烧的狭长炉子,炉顶排烟要比炉后排烟的压力分布均匀,炉顶多口排烟要比炉顶单口排烟更加有利。
(4)变压吸附制氧装置的设计讨论作为本次项目的一个补充专题,介绍了变压吸附制氧装置中吸附器的内部结构、分流板、分子筛布局与装填方式、压料部件与装配等内容,对影响制氧机性能的因素进行了剖析和论述,探讨了变压吸附制氧机吸附床设计中关键影响因素和技巧。
In this paper,we studied on key issues in the design of car-bottom Heat Treatment Furnace.To do all the work based on the design of trolley-style high-speed pulse heat treatment furnace,which belong to the second heat treatment workshop of the Northeastern Special Steel Group in Dalian refinery base.
Combustion and its control are the key technology for various flaming furnaces.The author piont out that a highly capable combustion system shall be able to control the complete combustion process and a probe has been made into various aspects such as flame ignition,flame monitoring,air/fuel ratio control, monitoring of various paramenters in the combustion process and furnace automatic temperature control.The author Emphatically compared the advantages of the pulse combustion to the continuous combustion,and to compare the advantages and disadvantages of different pulse combustion systems.
In heating process of the cycle-type furnace,flue gas temperature, heat-exchaning cofficient of exchanger and air-preheating temperature changed continually,so we must calculate heat-exchaning area regarding the whole heating process as object.The calculation model for radiation-jet recuperator has been established and the thermal transmission characteristics(preheating temperature of air,temperature of furnace wall and thermd transmission coefficient)of the radiation-jet recuperator for car—type heat treating furnace has been therefore analyzed.Here we took radiation-jet exchanger for eaxample and show the calculation of economical heat-exchanging area of exchanger used in cycle-type furnace.The effect of structural parameters on the heat transfer coefficient of radiation-jet recuperator had been studied.
A commercial compultational fluid dynamics(CFD) software package,fluent, was used to develop three-dimensional model of long-narrow furnace.The purpose was to gain knowledge of gas flow and velocity distribution in the furnace under three situations of smoke exhaust:exhausting flue gas from single hole in the back of furnace,exhausting flue gas from single hole in the top of furnace and exhausting flue gas from tow holes in the top of furnace.The study showed that the gas flow and velocity distribution of top smoke exhaust is more uniform than back smoke exhaust,single smoke exhaust hole is more uniform than two smoke exhaust holes.
The inner structure of adsorber,flow distributor,arrangement and packing style of molecularsieve,impacting components of packing bed are introduced.The factors that have effects on the performance of oxygen generating system by pressure swing adsorption are analyzed and discussed,and some key skills and lessons are shared in the design of the oxygen generating equipment.
(1)脉冲燃烧及其控制技术是脉冲燃烧热处理炉的技术核心。本文对燃烧系统点火、火焰监测、燃烧过程各参数监控、炉温自动控制及时序脉冲燃烧控制技术工作原理等内容进行了专项研究。给出了多种工况下,脉冲时序组成和控制策略。
(2)本文以辐射喷流换热器为例,建立了辐射喷流换热器工作模型,分析了周期性工作条件下换热器的传热特性(空气预热温度、壁温、传热系数)随炉况的变化。给出了周期式炉上使用换热器时其经济换热面积的计算方法。并研究了辐射喷流换热器的结构参数对综合传热系数的影响。
(3)运用流体动力学计算软件(CFD)Fluent,对采用高速脉冲燃烧的狭长炉膛的三维流场进行了数值模拟,分别获得了排烟口在炉尾、炉顶时的热处理炉内的气体压力的分布规律。通过对炉膛内的压力分布状况分析表明,对于采用脉冲燃烧的狭长炉子,炉顶排烟要比炉后排烟的压力分布均匀,炉顶多口排烟要比炉顶单口排烟更加有利。
(4)变压吸附制氧装置的设计讨论作为本次项目的一个补充专题,介绍了变压吸附制氧装置中吸附器的内部结构、分流板、分子筛布局与装填方式、压料部件与装配等内容,对影响制氧机性能的因素进行了剖析和论述,探讨了变压吸附制氧机吸附床设计中关键影响因素和技巧。
In this paper,we studied on key issues in the design of car-bottom Heat Treatment Furnace.To do all the work based on the design of trolley-style high-speed pulse heat treatment furnace,which belong to the second heat treatment workshop of the Northeastern Special Steel Group in Dalian refinery base.
Combustion and its control are the key technology for various flaming furnaces.The author piont out that a highly capable combustion system shall be able to control the complete combustion process and a probe has been made into various aspects such as flame ignition,flame monitoring,air/fuel ratio control, monitoring of various paramenters in the combustion process and furnace automatic temperature control.The author Emphatically compared the advantages of the pulse combustion to the continuous combustion,and to compare the advantages and disadvantages of different pulse combustion systems.
In heating process of the cycle-type furnace,flue gas temperature, heat-exchaning cofficient of exchanger and air-preheating temperature changed continually,so we must calculate heat-exchaning area regarding the whole heating process as object.The calculation model for radiation-jet recuperator has been established and the thermal transmission characteristics(preheating temperature of air,temperature of furnace wall and thermd transmission coefficient)of the radiation-jet recuperator for car—type heat treating furnace has been therefore analyzed.Here we took radiation-jet exchanger for eaxample and show the calculation of economical heat-exchanging area of exchanger used in cycle-type furnace.The effect of structural parameters on the heat transfer coefficient of radiation-jet recuperator had been studied.
A commercial compultational fluid dynamics(CFD) software package,fluent, was used to develop three-dimensional model of long-narrow furnace.The purpose was to gain knowledge of gas flow and velocity distribution in the furnace under three situations of smoke exhaust:exhausting flue gas from single hole in the back of furnace,exhausting flue gas from single hole in the top of furnace and exhausting flue gas from tow holes in the top of furnace.The study showed that the gas flow and velocity distribution of top smoke exhaust is more uniform than back smoke exhaust,single smoke exhaust hole is more uniform than two smoke exhaust holes.
The inner structure of adsorber,flow distributor,arrangement and packing style of molecularsieve,impacting components of packing bed are introduced.The factors that have effects on the performance of oxygen generating system by pressure swing adsorption are analyzed and discussed,and some key skills and lessons are shared in the design of the oxygen generating equipment.
引文
[1]王广生.热处理新技术的应用研究[J],工业炉,热处理,2005(1)
[2]张泽宾等.台车式热处理炉烧嘴安装方式对炉温精度的影响[J],工业炉,2003(1)
[3]《热处理手册》编委会.热处理手册(M)·北京:机械工业出版,2001
[4]卞澍田等.脉冲燃烧技术及其在工业炉上的应用[J],工业加热,1998(1)
[5]吴唐燕等.高速烧嘴和加热数学模型在热处理炉的应用[J],冶金能源,2003(1)
[6]刘小静等.工业炉燃烧系统应用技术探讨[J],加热设备,2003(2)
[7]兰霄等.脉冲燃烧控制技术[J],钢铁技术,2005(2)
[8]于佩等.一种新型的时序脉冲燃烧控制[J],技术开发,1995(2)
[9]王秉铨.业炉设计手册(M)·北京:机械工业出版,2006
[10]韩小良.间歇式炉用换热器经济换热面积计算[J],冶金能源,2001(3)
[11]秦裕昆.炉内传热(M)·北京:机械工业出版社,1982
[12]杨湘等.蓄热式加热炉流场的数值模拟[J],北京科技大学学报,2003(2)
[13]韩小良.间歇式热处理传热计算与分析[J],工业加热,2001(5)
[14]杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学(M)·北京:高等教育出版社,2005
[15]韩小良.台车式热处理炉辐射换热器计算方法及传热特性分析[J],热处理,2001
[16]王璋宝等.新型喷流辐射换热器的研究[J],钢铁,1985(9)
[17]吴建国等.喷流换热的最佳结构参数[J],冶金能源,1982(2)
[18]吴懋林.喷流换热器的传热计算[J],工业炉,1985(2)
[19]杨帆等.加热炉内流场的模拟与分析[J],工业炉,2005(4)
[20]尹春燕等.加热炉脉冲燃烧控制系统的研究与应用[J],硅谷,2008(18)
[21]李凤才.论工业炉燃烧自适应控制系统的三种方式[J],武钢技术, 1985(6)
[22]国伟.燃烧系统的两种空燃比调节方法分析[J],有色金属加工,2005(4)
[23]蒋立军等.加热炉燃烧控制技术分析[J],山东冶金,2006(2)
[24]黄瑾.工业窑炉脉冲燃烧技术的应用与效益浅析[J],国外建材科技,2005(02)
[25]王敏.脉冲燃烧控制在台车式热处理炉上的应用[J],工业加热,2005(5)
[26]黄春峰.提高热处理加热炉炉温均匀性的途径[J],热处理,1998(1)
[27]喻玲.工业炉温度均匀性浅析[J],有色金属加工,2005(5)
[28]张铁,闫家斌.数值分析[M],北京:冶金工业出版社,2004
[29]臧尔寿.热处理炉[M],北京:冶金工业出版社,1983
[30]M.H.Bina,Ghasem Dini,Sayed Mahmoud Monir Vaghefi,Ahmad Saatchi,Keyvan Raeissi,Morteza Navabi.Application of homogenization heat treatments to improve continuous-annealing furnace roller fractures[J],Engineering Failure Analysis,2008
[31]Weimin Gao,Lingxue Kong,John M.Long,Peter D.Hodgson,Measurement of the mass transfer coefficient at workpiece surfaces in heat treatment furnaces[J],journal of materials processing technology,209(2009)497-505
[32]Jinwu Kang,Yiming Rong,Modeling and simulation of load heating in heat treatment furnaces[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology 174(2006) 109-114
[33]梁小平,高家锐.在超长退火炉上采用高速烧嘴的试验研究[J],工业炉,1991(59)
[34]金贵缤,吕进之.热处理炉应用高速烧嘴的试验[J],冶金能源,1984(11)
[35]曾虑危.台车式热处理炉使用高速烧嘴的问题[J],工业加热,2004(4)
[36]徐龙啸,黄遵循.发生炉煤气高速烧嘴的研究[J],华中工学院学报,1987(1)
[37]田津津,张玉文,王锐.变压吸附制氧技术的发展和应用[J],深冷技 术,2005(6)
[38]刘汉钊,王华金等.变压吸附制氧法与深冷法的比较[J],冶金动力,2003(2)
[39]张阳,王湛,纪树兰.富氧技术及其应用[M],北京:化学工业出版社
[40]路宁,张松涛,温晓涛,金洪涛.锅炉富氧二次风装置[P],中国,NO.02274215.8
[41]张军等.变压吸附气体分离装置[P],中国,NO.01263561.8
[42]季宗升.变压吸附制氮装置的设计[J],深冷技术,1999(4)
[43]朱学军,郭彤.两床变压吸附制氧工艺的研究[J],低温与特气,2001,19(1)
[44]钟思青,陈庆龄,陈智强等.轴向流固定床内流场的数值模拟与实验验证[J],化工学报,2005,56(4)
[45]季阿敏,李杰等.立式轴向流吸附器优化设计[J],哈尔滨商业大学学报,2003(6)
[46]田津津,张玉文,王锐.变压系统气流分布器结构的数值模拟计算及分析[J],低温工程,2005(4).
[47]杨学申.立式双层床径向流吸附器[J],深冷技术,1999(2)
[48]范志涛.吸附剂粉化的原因分析和控制[J],低温与特气,2005,23(3)
[49]倪强.燃料热处理炉的余热回收[J],金属热处理,1995(12)
[2]张泽宾等.台车式热处理炉烧嘴安装方式对炉温精度的影响[J],工业炉,2003(1)
[3]《热处理手册》编委会.热处理手册(M)·北京:机械工业出版,2001
[4]卞澍田等.脉冲燃烧技术及其在工业炉上的应用[J],工业加热,1998(1)
[5]吴唐燕等.高速烧嘴和加热数学模型在热处理炉的应用[J],冶金能源,2003(1)
[6]刘小静等.工业炉燃烧系统应用技术探讨[J],加热设备,2003(2)
[7]兰霄等.脉冲燃烧控制技术[J],钢铁技术,2005(2)
[8]于佩等.一种新型的时序脉冲燃烧控制[J],技术开发,1995(2)
[9]王秉铨.业炉设计手册(M)·北京:机械工业出版,2006
[10]韩小良.间歇式炉用换热器经济换热面积计算[J],冶金能源,2001(3)
[11]秦裕昆.炉内传热(M)·北京:机械工业出版社,1982
[12]杨湘等.蓄热式加热炉流场的数值模拟[J],北京科技大学学报,2003(2)
[13]韩小良.间歇式热处理传热计算与分析[J],工业加热,2001(5)
[14]杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学(M)·北京:高等教育出版社,2005
[15]韩小良.台车式热处理炉辐射换热器计算方法及传热特性分析[J],热处理,2001
[16]王璋宝等.新型喷流辐射换热器的研究[J],钢铁,1985(9)
[17]吴建国等.喷流换热的最佳结构参数[J],冶金能源,1982(2)
[18]吴懋林.喷流换热器的传热计算[J],工业炉,1985(2)
[19]杨帆等.加热炉内流场的模拟与分析[J],工业炉,2005(4)
[20]尹春燕等.加热炉脉冲燃烧控制系统的研究与应用[J],硅谷,2008(18)
[21]李凤才.论工业炉燃烧自适应控制系统的三种方式[J],武钢技术, 1985(6)
[22]国伟.燃烧系统的两种空燃比调节方法分析[J],有色金属加工,2005(4)
[23]蒋立军等.加热炉燃烧控制技术分析[J],山东冶金,2006(2)
[24]黄瑾.工业窑炉脉冲燃烧技术的应用与效益浅析[J],国外建材科技,2005(02)
[25]王敏.脉冲燃烧控制在台车式热处理炉上的应用[J],工业加热,2005(5)
[26]黄春峰.提高热处理加热炉炉温均匀性的途径[J],热处理,1998(1)
[27]喻玲.工业炉温度均匀性浅析[J],有色金属加工,2005(5)
[28]张铁,闫家斌.数值分析[M],北京:冶金工业出版社,2004
[29]臧尔寿.热处理炉[M],北京:冶金工业出版社,1983
[30]M.H.Bina,Ghasem Dini,Sayed Mahmoud Monir Vaghefi,Ahmad Saatchi,Keyvan Raeissi,Morteza Navabi.Application of homogenization heat treatments to improve continuous-annealing furnace roller fractures[J],Engineering Failure Analysis,2008
[31]Weimin Gao,Lingxue Kong,John M.Long,Peter D.Hodgson,Measurement of the mass transfer coefficient at workpiece surfaces in heat treatment furnaces[J],journal of materials processing technology,209(2009)497-505
[32]Jinwu Kang,Yiming Rong,Modeling and simulation of load heating in heat treatment furnaces[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology 174(2006) 109-114
[33]梁小平,高家锐.在超长退火炉上采用高速烧嘴的试验研究[J],工业炉,1991(59)
[34]金贵缤,吕进之.热处理炉应用高速烧嘴的试验[J],冶金能源,1984(11)
[35]曾虑危.台车式热处理炉使用高速烧嘴的问题[J],工业加热,2004(4)
[36]徐龙啸,黄遵循.发生炉煤气高速烧嘴的研究[J],华中工学院学报,1987(1)
[37]田津津,张玉文,王锐.变压吸附制氧技术的发展和应用[J],深冷技 术,2005(6)
[38]刘汉钊,王华金等.变压吸附制氧法与深冷法的比较[J],冶金动力,2003(2)
[39]张阳,王湛,纪树兰.富氧技术及其应用[M],北京:化学工业出版社
[40]路宁,张松涛,温晓涛,金洪涛.锅炉富氧二次风装置[P],中国,NO.02274215.8
[41]张军等.变压吸附气体分离装置[P],中国,NO.01263561.8
[42]季宗升.变压吸附制氮装置的设计[J],深冷技术,1999(4)
[43]朱学军,郭彤.两床变压吸附制氧工艺的研究[J],低温与特气,2001,19(1)
[44]钟思青,陈庆龄,陈智强等.轴向流固定床内流场的数值模拟与实验验证[J],化工学报,2005,56(4)
[45]季阿敏,李杰等.立式轴向流吸附器优化设计[J],哈尔滨商业大学学报,2003(6)
[46]田津津,张玉文,王锐.变压系统气流分布器结构的数值模拟计算及分析[J],低温工程,2005(4).
[47]杨学申.立式双层床径向流吸附器[J],深冷技术,1999(2)
[48]范志涛.吸附剂粉化的原因分析和控制[J],低温与特气,2005,23(3)
[49]倪强.燃料热处理炉的余热回收[J],金属热处理,1995(12)