基于DSP的编码调制研究
摘要
第三代移动通信系统为了满足移动用户对高速、宽带数据传输业务不断增长和更高服务质量的需求,采用了许多新的无线链路传输技术,包括多天线发射和接收(MIMO)技术、正交频分复用(OFDM)技术、信道纠错编码技术和自适应编码调制(ACM)技术等。
自适应编码调制技术是一项在衰落信道中逼近香农容量限,获得高的系统吞吐量的必需技术。该技术的基本原理是发送端根据信道状态信息(CSI)实时地改变传输码率和调制方式,在保证可靠性的同时提高有效性,从而最大化系统的频谱利用率。
本文结合863项目“宽带无线传输中的高速高效自适应编码调制研究”,完成了基于DSP的AWGN信道设计,并对通过该信道的多元LDPC码的量化性能进行了仿真与分析,得出了量化准则。这对于进一步研究基于DSP的自适应编码调制技术有着深刻的指导意义。
In the third generation (3G) mobile communication, to suffice more and more high-speed data services and better Quality of Service (Qos), many new wireless transmission techniques have been used, such as Multiple Input and Multiple Output (MIMO), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), channel coding and Adaptive Coded Modulation (ACM) etc.
ACM is a powerful technique to approach Shannon capacity and achieve high throughput in fading channels. The basic principle of ACM is that the transmitter chooses proper code rate and modulation mode real-timely according to channel side information (CSI), so we can improve system efficiency with the guarantee of reliability and maximize spectrum utilization.
Under the guideline of State 863 Project“Research on High Rate and Efficient ACM in Wideband Wireless Transmission”, this dissertation constructs an AWGN channel using TMS320C6416 DSP, does some research on the quantization performance of non-binary LDPC code which passes the DSP channel and determines a quantization rule. All these fruits have great help to further study on Adaptive Coded Modulation based on DSP.
自适应编码调制技术是一项在衰落信道中逼近香农容量限,获得高的系统吞吐量的必需技术。该技术的基本原理是发送端根据信道状态信息(CSI)实时地改变传输码率和调制方式,在保证可靠性的同时提高有效性,从而最大化系统的频谱利用率。
本文结合863项目“宽带无线传输中的高速高效自适应编码调制研究”,完成了基于DSP的AWGN信道设计,并对通过该信道的多元LDPC码的量化性能进行了仿真与分析,得出了量化准则。这对于进一步研究基于DSP的自适应编码调制技术有着深刻的指导意义。
In the third generation (3G) mobile communication, to suffice more and more high-speed data services and better Quality of Service (Qos), many new wireless transmission techniques have been used, such as Multiple Input and Multiple Output (MIMO), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), channel coding and Adaptive Coded Modulation (ACM) etc.
ACM is a powerful technique to approach Shannon capacity and achieve high throughput in fading channels. The basic principle of ACM is that the transmitter chooses proper code rate and modulation mode real-timely according to channel side information (CSI), so we can improve system efficiency with the guarantee of reliability and maximize spectrum utilization.
Under the guideline of State 863 Project“Research on High Rate and Efficient ACM in Wideband Wireless Transmission”, this dissertation constructs an AWGN channel using TMS320C6416 DSP, does some research on the quantization performance of non-binary LDPC code which passes the DSP channel and determines a quantization rule. All these fruits have great help to further study on Adaptive Coded Modulation based on DSP.
引文
[1]张辉,曹丽娜.现代通信原理与技术,西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002.
[2] A.R. Calderbank,“The art of signaling: Fifty years of coding theory,”IEEE Trans. IT, vol.44, no.6, Oct. 1998, pp. 2561-2595.
[3] C.E. Shannon,“A mathematical theory of communication,”Bell Syst. Tech. J., vol.27, 623-656. July, October, 1948, pp.379-423.
[4] R.G. Gallager, Information theory and reliable communication, MIT, John Wilely&Sons, Inc, 1968.
[5] R.G. Gallager,“A simple derivation of the coding theorem and some applications,”IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, IT-11:3-18, Jan., 1965.
[6]王新梅,肖国镇,纠错码—原理与方法(修订版),西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2001.
[7] A.J. Goldsmith and S.G. Chua,“Variable-rate variable-power MQAM for fading channels,”IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 45, no. 10, Oct. 1997, pp. 1218-1230.
[8] G.D. Forney,“Cost Codes-PartⅠ, PartⅡ”, IEEE Trans. on IT, no. 5, 1998, pp. 1123-1187.
[9] S.T. Chung and A.J. Goldsmith,“Degrees of freedom in adaptive modulation: a unified view,”IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 49, no. 9, Sep. 2001, pp. 1561-1571.
[10] J.F. Hayes,“Adaptive feedback communications”, IEEE Tran. Commun. Tech., vol.16, no. 1, February 1968, pp. 29-34.
[11] W.T. Webb and R. Steele,“Variable rate QAM for mobile radio,”IEEE Trans. Commun. vol. 43, no. 7, July 1995, pp. 2223-2230.
[12] J.M. Torrance and L. Hanzo,“Optimization of switching levels for adaptive modulation in slow Rayleigh fading,”Electronics letters, vol.32, no. 13, June 1996.
[13] J.F. Paris, M.C. Aguayo-Torres and J.T. Entrambasguas,“Optimum discrete-power adaptive QAM scheme for Rayleigh fading channels,”IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 5, no.7, July 2001, pp. 281-283.
[14] P. Robertson and T. Worz,“Bandwidth-efficient turbo trellis-coded modulation using punctured component codes,”IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol. 16, Feb. 1998, pp. 206-218.
[15] J.M. Torrance and L. Hanzo,“Upper bound performance of adaptive modulation in slow Rayleigh fading channel,”Elec. Lett., vol. 32, no. 8, Apr. 1996, pp.718-719.
[16] Yong Sun and Zixiang Xiong,“Progressive image transmission over space-time coded OFDM-based MIMO systems with adaptive modulation,”IEEE. Trans., vol. 5, Aug 2006, pp. 1016-1028.
[17] Kee-Bong Song and Ekbal,“Adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) for bit-interleaved coded OFDM (BIC-OFDM),”IEEE. Trans. vol. 5, July 2006, pp. 1685-1694.
[18] Hossain.Md and Vitthaladevuni.P.K,“Adaptive hierarchical modulation for simultaneous voice and multi-class data transmission over fading channels,”IEEE. Trans. vol.55, July 2006, pp. 1181-1194.
[19] Hock-Beng Lim,“Beyond 3G-cellular communications Potentials,”IEEE, vol. 21, 2002, pp. 18-23.
[20] R.G. Gallager, Low-Density Parity-Check Codes, Cambridge. MA: M.I.T. Press, 1963.
[21] C. Berrou, A. Glavieux and P. Thitimajshima,“Near Shannon limit error-correcting coding and decoding: Turbo-codes (1),”ICC’93, 1993, pp. 1064-1074.
[22] C. Berrou and A. Glavieux,“Near optimum error correcting coding and decoding: Turbo-codes,”IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 44, no.10, Oct. 1996, pp. 1261-1271.
[23] D.J.C MacKay and R. M. Neal,“Near-Shannon-limit performance of low density parity check codes,”Electron. Lett., vol. 32, Aug. 1996, pp. 1645–1646.
[24] S.Y.Chung, J. G. D .Forney, T .Richardson, and R .Urbanke,“On the design of low-density parity-check codes within 0.0045 dB oft he Shannon limit,”IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 5, Feb. 2001, pp. 58-60.
[25] A.J. Goldsmith and S.G. Chua,“Adaptive Coded Modulation for Fading channels,”IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.46, May 1998, pp. 595-602.
[26] Yahong R. Zheng and Chengshan Xiao,“Improved models for the Generation of Multiple Uncorrelated Rayleigh Fading Waveforms,”IEEE Commun. Lett., vol.6, no. 6, June 2002, pp. 256-258.
[27] R.H. Clarke,“A statistical theory of mobile-radio reception,”Bell Syst. Tech. J., July-Aug. 1968, pp. 957-1000.
[28] W.C. Jakes, Microwave Mobile Communications, Wiley, 1974, reprinted by IEEE Press in 1994.
[29] X. Ge and S.T. Xia,“Structured non-binary LDPC codes with large girth,”Electronics Letters 25th, vol. 43, no. 22, Oct. 2007.
[30] P. Dent, G.E. Bottomley and T. Croft,“Jakes fading mobile model revisited,”Electron. Lett., vol. 29, no. 13, June 1993, pp.1162-1163.
[31] M. Patzold and F. Laue,“Statistical properties of Jakes’fading channel simulator,”Proc. IEEE VTC’98, 1998, pp. 712-718.
[32] Y.X. Li and X.Huang,“The generation of independent Rayleigh faders,”Proc. IEEE ICC’00, 2000, pp. 41-45.
[33] Y.B. Li and Y.L. Guan,“Modified Jakes models for simulating multiple uncorrelated fading waveforms,”Proc. IEEE ICC’00, 2000, pp. 46-49.
[34] G.L. Stuber, Principles of Mobile Communication, 2nd ed. New York: Kluwer Academic, 2001.
[35] M.F. Pop and N.C. Beaulieu,“Limitations of sum-of-sinusoids fading channel simulators,”IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 49, Apr. 2001, pp. 699-708.
[36]李方慧,王飞,何佩琨.TMS320C600系列DSPs原理与应用,北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[37] C. Xiao, Y.R. Zheng and N.C. Beaulieu,“Second-order statistical properties of the WSS Jakes’fading channel simulator,”IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 50, June 2002, pp. 888-891.
[38] IEEE P802.16e/d8 IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks. IEEE, May 2005.
[39] Nikolay Kostov, Mobile Radio Channels Modeling in MATLAB, Technical University, Varna.
[40] D.J .C. Mackay and M. C. Davey,“Evaluation of Gallager codes for short block length and high rate applications,”in Codes, Systems and Graphical Models, series. IMA Volumes in Mathematics and its Applications, B. Marcus and J. Rothenthal, Eds. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2000, vol. 123, pp. 113-130.
[41]白宝明.现代数字通信与编码理论讲义,西安电子科技大学信道编码实验室.
[42] M.G. Luby, M. Mitzenmacher, and M. A. Shokrollahi,“Analysis of random processes via and-or tree evaluation,”In Proc. 9th Annu. ACM-SIAM Symp. Discrete Algorithms, 1998, pp.364- 373.
[43]中华人民共和国国家标准.数字电视地面广播传输系统帧结构、信道编码和调制,2006.
[44] M.G. Luby, M. Mitzenmacher, M. A. Shokrollahi, and D. A. Spielman,“Analysis of low-density codes and improved designs using irregular graphs,”In Proc. 30th Annu. Symp. Theory of Computing, 1998, pp.249-258.
[45] J. G. Proakis, Digital Communications, 4rd ed.北京:电子工业出版社, 2004.
[46] S. Vishwanath, A.J. Goldsmith,“Exploring adaptive turbo coded modulation for flat fading channels,”IEEE VTC, 2000. 52nd, vol. 4, pp. 1778-1783.
[47] G. Montorsi, S. Benedetto,“Design of fixed-point iterative decoders for concatenated codes with interleavers,”IEEE J. on Selected Areas in Commun., vol.19, no.5, May 2001, pp. 871-882.
[48] C. Poulliat, M. Fossorier and D. Declercq,“Design of non binary LDPC codes using their binary image: algebraic properties,”ISIT’06, Seattle, USA, July 2006.
[49] A.J. Goldsmith and P. Varaiya,“Capacity of fading channels with channel side information,”IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. 43, no. 4, Nov. 1997, pp. 1986-1992.
[50] S.A. Tevkolsky, W.T. Vettering and B.P. Flannery, Numerical Recipes-The Art of Scientific Computing, 3rd ed, Cambridge University Press, 2007.
[2] A.R. Calderbank,“The art of signaling: Fifty years of coding theory,”IEEE Trans. IT, vol.44, no.6, Oct. 1998, pp. 2561-2595.
[3] C.E. Shannon,“A mathematical theory of communication,”Bell Syst. Tech. J., vol.27, 623-656. July, October, 1948, pp.379-423.
[4] R.G. Gallager, Information theory and reliable communication, MIT, John Wilely&Sons, Inc, 1968.
[5] R.G. Gallager,“A simple derivation of the coding theorem and some applications,”IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, IT-11:3-18, Jan., 1965.
[6]王新梅,肖国镇,纠错码—原理与方法(修订版),西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2001.
[7] A.J. Goldsmith and S.G. Chua,“Variable-rate variable-power MQAM for fading channels,”IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 45, no. 10, Oct. 1997, pp. 1218-1230.
[8] G.D. Forney,“Cost Codes-PartⅠ, PartⅡ”, IEEE Trans. on IT, no. 5, 1998, pp. 1123-1187.
[9] S.T. Chung and A.J. Goldsmith,“Degrees of freedom in adaptive modulation: a unified view,”IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 49, no. 9, Sep. 2001, pp. 1561-1571.
[10] J.F. Hayes,“Adaptive feedback communications”, IEEE Tran. Commun. Tech., vol.16, no. 1, February 1968, pp. 29-34.
[11] W.T. Webb and R. Steele,“Variable rate QAM for mobile radio,”IEEE Trans. Commun. vol. 43, no. 7, July 1995, pp. 2223-2230.
[12] J.M. Torrance and L. Hanzo,“Optimization of switching levels for adaptive modulation in slow Rayleigh fading,”Electronics letters, vol.32, no. 13, June 1996.
[13] J.F. Paris, M.C. Aguayo-Torres and J.T. Entrambasguas,“Optimum discrete-power adaptive QAM scheme for Rayleigh fading channels,”IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 5, no.7, July 2001, pp. 281-283.
[14] P. Robertson and T. Worz,“Bandwidth-efficient turbo trellis-coded modulation using punctured component codes,”IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol. 16, Feb. 1998, pp. 206-218.
[15] J.M. Torrance and L. Hanzo,“Upper bound performance of adaptive modulation in slow Rayleigh fading channel,”Elec. Lett., vol. 32, no. 8, Apr. 1996, pp.718-719.
[16] Yong Sun and Zixiang Xiong,“Progressive image transmission over space-time coded OFDM-based MIMO systems with adaptive modulation,”IEEE. Trans., vol. 5, Aug 2006, pp. 1016-1028.
[17] Kee-Bong Song and Ekbal,“Adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) for bit-interleaved coded OFDM (BIC-OFDM),”IEEE. Trans. vol. 5, July 2006, pp. 1685-1694.
[18] Hossain.Md and Vitthaladevuni.P.K,“Adaptive hierarchical modulation for simultaneous voice and multi-class data transmission over fading channels,”IEEE. Trans. vol.55, July 2006, pp. 1181-1194.
[19] Hock-Beng Lim,“Beyond 3G-cellular communications Potentials,”IEEE, vol. 21, 2002, pp. 18-23.
[20] R.G. Gallager, Low-Density Parity-Check Codes, Cambridge. MA: M.I.T. Press, 1963.
[21] C. Berrou, A. Glavieux and P. Thitimajshima,“Near Shannon limit error-correcting coding and decoding: Turbo-codes (1),”ICC’93, 1993, pp. 1064-1074.
[22] C. Berrou and A. Glavieux,“Near optimum error correcting coding and decoding: Turbo-codes,”IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 44, no.10, Oct. 1996, pp. 1261-1271.
[23] D.J.C MacKay and R. M. Neal,“Near-Shannon-limit performance of low density parity check codes,”Electron. Lett., vol. 32, Aug. 1996, pp. 1645–1646.
[24] S.Y.Chung, J. G. D .Forney, T .Richardson, and R .Urbanke,“On the design of low-density parity-check codes within 0.0045 dB oft he Shannon limit,”IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 5, Feb. 2001, pp. 58-60.
[25] A.J. Goldsmith and S.G. Chua,“Adaptive Coded Modulation for Fading channels,”IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.46, May 1998, pp. 595-602.
[26] Yahong R. Zheng and Chengshan Xiao,“Improved models for the Generation of Multiple Uncorrelated Rayleigh Fading Waveforms,”IEEE Commun. Lett., vol.6, no. 6, June 2002, pp. 256-258.
[27] R.H. Clarke,“A statistical theory of mobile-radio reception,”Bell Syst. Tech. J., July-Aug. 1968, pp. 957-1000.
[28] W.C. Jakes, Microwave Mobile Communications, Wiley, 1974, reprinted by IEEE Press in 1994.
[29] X. Ge and S.T. Xia,“Structured non-binary LDPC codes with large girth,”Electronics Letters 25th, vol. 43, no. 22, Oct. 2007.
[30] P. Dent, G.E. Bottomley and T. Croft,“Jakes fading mobile model revisited,”Electron. Lett., vol. 29, no. 13, June 1993, pp.1162-1163.
[31] M. Patzold and F. Laue,“Statistical properties of Jakes’fading channel simulator,”Proc. IEEE VTC’98, 1998, pp. 712-718.
[32] Y.X. Li and X.Huang,“The generation of independent Rayleigh faders,”Proc. IEEE ICC’00, 2000, pp. 41-45.
[33] Y.B. Li and Y.L. Guan,“Modified Jakes models for simulating multiple uncorrelated fading waveforms,”Proc. IEEE ICC’00, 2000, pp. 46-49.
[34] G.L. Stuber, Principles of Mobile Communication, 2nd ed. New York: Kluwer Academic, 2001.
[35] M.F. Pop and N.C. Beaulieu,“Limitations of sum-of-sinusoids fading channel simulators,”IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 49, Apr. 2001, pp. 699-708.
[36]李方慧,王飞,何佩琨.TMS320C600系列DSPs原理与应用,北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[37] C. Xiao, Y.R. Zheng and N.C. Beaulieu,“Second-order statistical properties of the WSS Jakes’fading channel simulator,”IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 50, June 2002, pp. 888-891.
[38] IEEE P802.16e/d8 IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks. IEEE, May 2005.
[39] Nikolay Kostov, Mobile Radio Channels Modeling in MATLAB, Technical University, Varna.
[40] D.J .C. Mackay and M. C. Davey,“Evaluation of Gallager codes for short block length and high rate applications,”in Codes, Systems and Graphical Models, series. IMA Volumes in Mathematics and its Applications, B. Marcus and J. Rothenthal, Eds. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2000, vol. 123, pp. 113-130.
[41]白宝明.现代数字通信与编码理论讲义,西安电子科技大学信道编码实验室.
[42] M.G. Luby, M. Mitzenmacher, and M. A. Shokrollahi,“Analysis of random processes via and-or tree evaluation,”In Proc. 9th Annu. ACM-SIAM Symp. Discrete Algorithms, 1998, pp.364- 373.
[43]中华人民共和国国家标准.数字电视地面广播传输系统帧结构、信道编码和调制,2006.
[44] M.G. Luby, M. Mitzenmacher, M. A. Shokrollahi, and D. A. Spielman,“Analysis of low-density codes and improved designs using irregular graphs,”In Proc. 30th Annu. Symp. Theory of Computing, 1998, pp.249-258.
[45] J. G. Proakis, Digital Communications, 4rd ed.北京:电子工业出版社, 2004.
[46] S. Vishwanath, A.J. Goldsmith,“Exploring adaptive turbo coded modulation for flat fading channels,”IEEE VTC, 2000. 52nd, vol. 4, pp. 1778-1783.
[47] G. Montorsi, S. Benedetto,“Design of fixed-point iterative decoders for concatenated codes with interleavers,”IEEE J. on Selected Areas in Commun., vol.19, no.5, May 2001, pp. 871-882.
[48] C. Poulliat, M. Fossorier and D. Declercq,“Design of non binary LDPC codes using their binary image: algebraic properties,”ISIT’06, Seattle, USA, July 2006.
[49] A.J. Goldsmith and P. Varaiya,“Capacity of fading channels with channel side information,”IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. 43, no. 4, Nov. 1997, pp. 1986-1992.
[50] S.A. Tevkolsky, W.T. Vettering and B.P. Flannery, Numerical Recipes-The Art of Scientific Computing, 3rd ed, Cambridge University Press, 2007.