凯里地区煤矿废水污染分析及微生物处理试验研究
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摘要
煤炭产业是目前人类生存和经济社会发展的一个重要能源支柱。在煤炭大量产出的同时,生态环境也遭受严重破坏,其中以煤矿废水所引发的环境问题最为严重。作者在两年时间内五次深入贵州凯里鱼洞村到江口寨这一区域进行实地调查,开展了凯里地区煤矿废水污染分析及微生物处理试验研究。
运用土壤富集因子、单项污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法和HQ(人类健康潜在危害评价)等一系列评价方法与污染评价标准,分析了该煤矿地区河流——土壤——植被中的重金属污染特征。研究表明,重安江上游河段已受到煤矿废水严重污染,多项水质指标均已超出国家二级排放标准;矿区土壤潜在酸度较大,伴有锌轻度污染,汞重度污染,重金属综合污染程度深;废水污染流域所采集的植物样品蜈蚣蕨、水稻幼苗和蔬菜等都受到了煤矿废水不同程度污染的影响,其中与人类密切相关的蔬菜受污染最严重,豆角、西红柿和茄子含铅量分别超过国家食品卫生标准含量的53.00倍、30.35倍和15.20倍;辣椒、黄瓜、豆角、西红柿和茄子含汞量分别超过国家食品卫生标准含量的49.00倍、33.50倍、61.70倍、88.30倍和60.70倍。
通过微生物吸附法以硅酸盐细菌BM03菌株展开对受煤矿废水污染水体的微生物治理初步研究。结果表明,处理后絮凝率可以达到97.94%,SS去除率也高达99.43%,总铁、zn~(2+)和Ti~(4+)的最大去除率分别为91.94%,90.93%和90%,效果显著。在此基础上,结合Plackett-Burman法、最陡爬坡法和中心组合设计法(central composite design)对微生物吸附过程进行优化。得到6个因素对总铁去除率的影响依次为:静态处理时间＞菌液投加量＞动态处理时间＞摇床转速＞动态处理温度≈静态处理温度,其中只有前两个因素及其交互作用影响显著,其余因素影响均不显著。由实验结果进行二次拟合方程,经求导得到当菌液投加量和静态处理时间分别为42.35mL和9.13h时,总铁去除率达到最大,即92.88%。
结合前面开展的环境污染评价以及微生物吸附法治理煤矿废水的研究,设计较为可行的生物修复方案,提出通过农耕法、投菌法、植物修复法等一系列措施逐渐改善凯里地区的生态环境状况。
贵州是产煤大省,煤矿众多,并且多数矿区污染严重,亟待治理。因此,研究采用微生物法治理煤矿废水具有广阔的应用前景;同时,加强煤矿地区的综合治理,不仅有利于矿山地区环境污染状况的根本改善,而且也是煤炭行业健康发展的必然选择。
As an important part of energy resource, coal has enormous negative effects on the ecological environment, although it offers energy. In the course of coal production, acid mine drainage brought by mines, coal washing process, tailing dump and abandoned mine pits etc., has endangered the peripheral ecosystem of mining area particularly seriously. During two years, the author carried on the field work and the study about the analysis of acid mine drainage pollution and biological treatment examination in the area from Yudong village to Jiangkou stockaded village of Kaili in Guizhou province.
By using a series of assessment methods and pollution evaluation criteria, such as soil enrichment factor, individual pollution index, N.C.Nemerow integrated pollution index, HQ (hazard quotient to human health) and so on, this paper describes the heavy metal pollution characteristics of Fe, Pb, Zn and Hg in the river-soil-vegetation system in the coal mining region of Kaili. The research shows that the upper reaches of the Chongan River have been polluted seriously by colliery wastewater. A number of water quality indices, such as pH, SS, chromaticity color, content of heavy metal, etc., have already overrun the second Chinese discharge standard. The potential acidity of soil in the mining district is relatively large, and the soil has been slightly polluted by Zn and seriously polluted by Hg. On the whole, the soil has been deeply polluted by heavy metals. Moreover, plant samples such as Pteris vittata, rice seedling and vegetables have all been affected by colliery wastewater. Among them, the vegetables closely related to human beings are most seriously polluted. Lead contents of kidney bean, tomato and eggplant have overrun the regulated contents by 53.00, 30.35 and 15.20 times of the Chinese Food Hygiene Standards, respectively. Mercury contents of capsicum, cucumber, kidney bean, tomato and eggplant have also preponderated over the regulated contents by 49.00, 33.50, 61.70, 88.30 and 60.70 times, respectively.
On the basis of the analysis about the hazard to the circumjacent ecological environment,which was caused by the colliery wastewater of this area. Treat the river polluted by the coal mine's wastewater using silicate bacterium BM03 with the result that it has better treatment effect that the microbial flocculant treats coal mine's wastewater by means of microbial adsorption. It was shown that the maximum flocculation ratio was 97.94% ,the maximum SS removal ratio was 99.43%, and the maximum removal ratios was 91.94%, 90.93 %, and 90% for the total Fe, Zn~(2+), and Ti~(4+).Further more, the process of microbial adsorption is optimized by Plackett-Burman method, the most steep hill climling and the central composite design. The factor effect for the total iron removing ratio is that: static handing time> dosage of bacteria solution>dynamic handling time>the rotation rate of shaking table>dynamic handling temperature≈static handing temperature. In these factors, there are only two factors about static handing time and dosage of bacteria solution with their interaction whose influence are distinct. Others effect are not marked. Using the testing result it can obtain the twain order fitting equation. After differentiate, it can be known that when the dosage of bacteria solution is 42.35mL and the static handing time is 9.13h, the maximum total iron removal ratio is 92.88%.
Combined with the research on the analysis of acid mine drainage pollution and biological treatment examination, this article designs the doable biological rehabilitation scheme about land farming, bioaugmentation, phytoremediating and so on, which can gradually get ecological environment better.
Guizhou Province possesses abundant coal resources, and all kinds of coal mines are distributed in all parts of the whole province. Pollution is serious in majority of them, which needs governing. Thus, it has the wide application foreground in studying and exploiting microbe method for governing the colliery wastewater. Enhancing the comprehensive treatment of the coal mine area is not only in favour of the melioration of environment status, but also the necessary selection for the salubrious development of coal industry.
运用土壤富集因子、单项污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法和HQ(人类健康潜在危害评价)等一系列评价方法与污染评价标准,分析了该煤矿地区河流——土壤——植被中的重金属污染特征。研究表明,重安江上游河段已受到煤矿废水严重污染,多项水质指标均已超出国家二级排放标准;矿区土壤潜在酸度较大,伴有锌轻度污染,汞重度污染,重金属综合污染程度深;废水污染流域所采集的植物样品蜈蚣蕨、水稻幼苗和蔬菜等都受到了煤矿废水不同程度污染的影响,其中与人类密切相关的蔬菜受污染最严重,豆角、西红柿和茄子含铅量分别超过国家食品卫生标准含量的53.00倍、30.35倍和15.20倍;辣椒、黄瓜、豆角、西红柿和茄子含汞量分别超过国家食品卫生标准含量的49.00倍、33.50倍、61.70倍、88.30倍和60.70倍。
通过微生物吸附法以硅酸盐细菌BM03菌株展开对受煤矿废水污染水体的微生物治理初步研究。结果表明,处理后絮凝率可以达到97.94%,SS去除率也高达99.43%,总铁、zn~(2+)和Ti~(4+)的最大去除率分别为91.94%,90.93%和90%,效果显著。在此基础上,结合Plackett-Burman法、最陡爬坡法和中心组合设计法(central composite design)对微生物吸附过程进行优化。得到6个因素对总铁去除率的影响依次为:静态处理时间＞菌液投加量＞动态处理时间＞摇床转速＞动态处理温度≈静态处理温度,其中只有前两个因素及其交互作用影响显著,其余因素影响均不显著。由实验结果进行二次拟合方程,经求导得到当菌液投加量和静态处理时间分别为42.35mL和9.13h时,总铁去除率达到最大,即92.88%。
结合前面开展的环境污染评价以及微生物吸附法治理煤矿废水的研究,设计较为可行的生物修复方案,提出通过农耕法、投菌法、植物修复法等一系列措施逐渐改善凯里地区的生态环境状况。
贵州是产煤大省,煤矿众多,并且多数矿区污染严重,亟待治理。因此,研究采用微生物法治理煤矿废水具有广阔的应用前景;同时,加强煤矿地区的综合治理,不仅有利于矿山地区环境污染状况的根本改善,而且也是煤炭行业健康发展的必然选择。
As an important part of energy resource, coal has enormous negative effects on the ecological environment, although it offers energy. In the course of coal production, acid mine drainage brought by mines, coal washing process, tailing dump and abandoned mine pits etc., has endangered the peripheral ecosystem of mining area particularly seriously. During two years, the author carried on the field work and the study about the analysis of acid mine drainage pollution and biological treatment examination in the area from Yudong village to Jiangkou stockaded village of Kaili in Guizhou province.
By using a series of assessment methods and pollution evaluation criteria, such as soil enrichment factor, individual pollution index, N.C.Nemerow integrated pollution index, HQ (hazard quotient to human health) and so on, this paper describes the heavy metal pollution characteristics of Fe, Pb, Zn and Hg in the river-soil-vegetation system in the coal mining region of Kaili. The research shows that the upper reaches of the Chongan River have been polluted seriously by colliery wastewater. A number of water quality indices, such as pH, SS, chromaticity color, content of heavy metal, etc., have already overrun the second Chinese discharge standard. The potential acidity of soil in the mining district is relatively large, and the soil has been slightly polluted by Zn and seriously polluted by Hg. On the whole, the soil has been deeply polluted by heavy metals. Moreover, plant samples such as Pteris vittata, rice seedling and vegetables have all been affected by colliery wastewater. Among them, the vegetables closely related to human beings are most seriously polluted. Lead contents of kidney bean, tomato and eggplant have overrun the regulated contents by 53.00, 30.35 and 15.20 times of the Chinese Food Hygiene Standards, respectively. Mercury contents of capsicum, cucumber, kidney bean, tomato and eggplant have also preponderated over the regulated contents by 49.00, 33.50, 61.70, 88.30 and 60.70 times, respectively.
On the basis of the analysis about the hazard to the circumjacent ecological environment,which was caused by the colliery wastewater of this area. Treat the river polluted by the coal mine's wastewater using silicate bacterium BM03 with the result that it has better treatment effect that the microbial flocculant treats coal mine's wastewater by means of microbial adsorption. It was shown that the maximum flocculation ratio was 97.94% ,the maximum SS removal ratio was 99.43%, and the maximum removal ratios was 91.94%, 90.93 %, and 90% for the total Fe, Zn~(2+), and Ti~(4+).Further more, the process of microbial adsorption is optimized by Plackett-Burman method, the most steep hill climling and the central composite design. The factor effect for the total iron removing ratio is that: static handing time> dosage of bacteria solution>dynamic handling time>the rotation rate of shaking table>dynamic handling temperature≈static handing temperature. In these factors, there are only two factors about static handing time and dosage of bacteria solution with their interaction whose influence are distinct. Others effect are not marked. Using the testing result it can obtain the twain order fitting equation. After differentiate, it can be known that when the dosage of bacteria solution is 42.35mL and the static handing time is 9.13h, the maximum total iron removal ratio is 92.88%.
Combined with the research on the analysis of acid mine drainage pollution and biological treatment examination, this article designs the doable biological rehabilitation scheme about land farming, bioaugmentation, phytoremediating and so on, which can gradually get ecological environment better.
Guizhou Province possesses abundant coal resources, and all kinds of coal mines are distributed in all parts of the whole province. Pollution is serious in majority of them, which needs governing. Thus, it has the wide application foreground in studying and exploiting microbe method for governing the colliery wastewater. Enhancing the comprehensive treatment of the coal mine area is not only in favour of the melioration of environment status, but also the necessary selection for the salubrious development of coal industry.
引文
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