王不留行、黄芪对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞体外增殖与分泌功能影响的研究
|
摘要
本论文研究了中草药黄芪、王不留行对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞体外增殖和乳蛋白合成的影响,并对其具体机制作了初步探索。首先建立奶牛乳腺上皮细胞的体外培养体系,培养出具有正常生理功能的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞,并以该细胞系为模型,筛选对乳腺细胞体外生长有促增殖效应的中草药,确定其适宜的作用浓度和作用时间,在此基础上,进一步研究中草药王不留行、黄芪对乳腺细胞一系列生物活性的影响及其作用机理。
本研究包括五个部分。
1奶牛乳腺上皮细胞体外培养体系的建立
采用组织块培养法、联合应用差酶消化法和反复贴壁法建立体外奶牛乳腺上皮细胞培养体系,采用透射电镜、免疫组化、免疫印迹等试验技术方法对乳腺上皮细胞特性进行检测。试验结果表明,运用本方法建立的奶牛乳腺细胞系上皮特性及分泌功能特征完备。
2七味中草药粗提液对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞促增殖作用的比较研究
研究比较七味中草药对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞体外生长的促增殖效应。确定黄芪、王不留行、当归、川芎、栝楼、漏芦和续断粗提物为备筛药物,采用2-3代奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(CMEC)为试验材料,在细胞培养液中添加不同浓度的上述中草药提取液,采用MTT比色法,比较其对细胞增殖的促进作用。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,浓度分别为10 mg/mL的王不留行,20 mg/mL的黄芪,10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL的王不留行黄芪混合物均可极显著地促进乳腺上皮细胞生长(p<0.01),尤以10 mg/mL+20mg/mL的王不留行黄芪配伍组作用效果最好。
3王不留行与黄芪促进奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖调控机理的初步研究
试验以2-3代奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(CMEC)为试验模型,采用流式细胞仪、免疫组织化学染色法,检测王不留行(10 mg/mL)、黄芪(20 mg/mL)、王不留行黄芪配伍(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL)对乳腺上皮细胞增殖周期分布、ClycinD1、p27蛋白在乳腺上皮细胞内阳性表达的影响。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,浓度分别为10 mg/mL的王不留行,20 mg/mL的黄芪,10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL的王不留行黄芪配伍均可促进乳腺上皮细胞细胞周期G1/S期转换(p<0.01),增加细胞周期中S期细胞的数目(p<0.01),CyclinD1的阳性表达均得到上调(p<0.01),p27的阳性表达均下降(p<0.01),尤以王不留行黄芪配伍作用明显。结果提示,黄芪、王不留行促进乳腺细咆的增殖,是通过上调CyclinD1表达、下调p27表达水平,进而加速细胞周期G1/S期的转换完成的。
4王不留行与黄芪对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞体外分泌性能的影响
本试验研究了中草药黄芪、王不留行对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞体外分泌性能的影响。以2-3代奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(CMEC)为试验模型,研究中草药黄芪、王不留行作用前后细胞内部超微结构的变化、细胞裂解液中氨基酸总浓度及组分的变化规律,以及细胞裂解液中蛋白总浓度的变化。试验结果表明,与空白对照组相比,王不留行(10mg/mL)、黄芪(20 mg/mL)、王不留行与黄芪配伍(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL)作用于细胞后,细胞内部超微结构发生了重塑,表现出更多功能分泌分化的特征标志;细胞裂解液中氨基酸的总浓度均得到提高(p<0.01),细胞裂解液中游离氨基酸的总浓度均显著或极显著地提高(王不留行(10 mg/mL)、王不留行黄芪配伍(10 mg/mL+20mg/mL),p<0.01;黄芪(20 mg/mL),P<0.05;);细胞裂解液中蛋白总含量亦有明显的增高,(王不留行(10 mg/mL)、王不留行黄芪配伍(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL),p<0.01;黄芪(20 mg/mL),P>0.05;)。结果提示,中草药黄芪、王不留行可通过对乳腺细胞内部超微结构的重塑、促进乳腺细胞吸收胞外游离氨基酸,使乳腺细胞蛋白合成增多。
5王不留行与黄芪对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞合成乳铁蛋白和酪蛋白的影响
本试验以2-3代奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(CMEC)为试验模型,应用荧光定量RT-PCR技术研究了中草药王不留行、黄芪对乳腺细胞a_(s1)-酪蛋白、β-酪蛋白和乳铁蛋白基因表达的影响;应用ELISA竞争抑制性法检测,王不留行、黄芪作用前后乳腺细胞裂解液中a_(s1)-酪蛋白、β-酪蛋白和乳铁蛋白含量的变化。试验结果表明,与空白对照组相比,王不留行黄芪配伍(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL)、王不留行(10 mg/mL)均极显著提高a_(s1)-酪蛋白mRNA的表达(p<0.01),黄芪(20 mg/mL)组细胞a_(s1)-酪蛋白mRNA表达稍低于空白对照组,差异不显著(P>0.05);王不留行黄芪配伍(10 mg/mL+20mg/mL)、王不留行(10 mg/mL)均显著提高β-酪蛋白mRNA的表达(p<0.05),黄芪(20 mg/mL)组细胞β-酪蛋白mRNA表达稍高于空白对照组,差异不显著(P>0.05);王不留行黄芪配伍(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL)显著提高乳铁蛋白mRNA的表达(p<0.05),王不留行(10 mg/mL)组和黄芪(20 mg/mL)组细胞乳铁蛋白mRNA的表达稍高于空白对照组,差异不显著(P>0.05)。a_(s1)-酪蛋白合成量的检测结果表明,黄芪(20mg/mL)+王不留行(10 mg/mL)配伍作用效果较明显,其组内乳腺细胞a_(s1)-酪蛋白合成量显著高于空白对照(P<0.05);而黄芪(20 mg/mL)组和王不留行(10 mg/mL)组相比较于空白对照组,组内乳腺细胞a_(s1)-酪蛋白合成量略有增高,差异不显著(P>0.05)。β-酪蛋白合成量的检测结果表明,黄芪(20 mg/mL)+王不留行(10 mg/mL)配伍组和王不留行(10 mg/mL)组细胞β-酪蛋白合成量显著高于空白对照组(P<0.05),黄芪(20 mg/mL)组细胞β-酪蛋白合成量略高于空白对照组,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。乳铁蛋白合成量的检测结果表明,与空白对照组比较,中草药作用细胞后,乳腺细胞乳铁蛋白合成量均略有增高,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。
以上五个试验部分的研究结果表明:中草药黄芪、王不留行促进乳腺细胞a_(s1)-酪蛋白、β-酪蛋白和乳铁蛋白的合成,其潜在机制与其能够促进乳腺上皮细胞增殖、促进乳腺上皮细胞内部超微结构重塑、促进乳腺上皮细胞吸收胞外游离氨基酸密切相关。
The aim of this study is to reveal the regulation mechanisms of the effects of Semen Vaccariae,Astraglus membranaceus on the proliferation rules and secretion function of cow mammary epithelial cells cultured in vitro.Firstly,a cow mammary epithelial cells (CMEC) culture system was established,and based on the optimized culture of CMEC with normal physiological functions,experiments were conducted to select the herbal medicines which have the ability to increase the number of CMEC by increasing growth rate or longevity,and detected their perfected reaction concentrations and reaction time.Based on the selected results,the effects of Semen Vaccariae and Astraglus membranaceus on the biology characteristics of CMEC and their underlying regulation mechanisms were studied.
The studies included five sections presented as follows:
1 Establishment of a cow mammary epithelial cell line cultured in vitro
To establish an in vitro culture system in which cow mammary epithelial cells(CMEC) grow well,the mammary tissue clumps from Holstein cows in lactation period at adulthood were cultured to harvest epithelial cells.The cell morphological varieties,cell population doubling time,and the cell growth curve were observed and investigated.The epithelial character of CMEC was authenticated using immunity histochemistry technique;the lactation function of the cells was detected by SDS-PAGE and western-blot.The results showed that the cow MEC grew well and proliferated vigorously in this culture system;The celluar skeletal protein18 expressed positively,the electrophoresis and western blot analysis of the products of the cells showed that the cells cultured had a function of expressing caseins.
2 The comparative study on stimulative effects of crude exacts from seven herbal medicines on the proliferation of CMEC
To study and compare the effects of seven traditional medicine crude extracts on the proliferation of CMEC,and to investigate the mechanisms,Astragalus membranaceu, Semen Vaccariae,Angelica Sinensis,Linguisticum chuanxiong Hort,trichosanthis,fructus et semen,Rhaponticum Uniflorum,Himalayan Teasel Root were selected as experimental drugs,the effects of crude extracts in different concentrations on the proliferation of the second -third passage cells of CMEC were observed by MTT assay.The results showed that: The herbs of Semen Vaccariae(SV),Astragalus membranaceus(AM) and the commixture of SV and AM(SV+AM) demonstrated proliferative activities in CMEC.The highest potency was detected in SV(10 mg/mL),AM(20 mg/mL) and SV+AM(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL) compared with the control group(p＜0.01),moreover the commixture of SV+AM (10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL) developed the best role.
3 The preliminary study on the mechanisms of the effects of Semen Vaccariae,Astraglus membranaceus on the proliferation and differentiation of CMEC
To investigate the mechanisms of the effects of Semen Vaccariae(SV),Astragalus membranaceus(AM)on the proliferation and differentiation of CMEC,the second-third passage cells of CMEC were selected as experimental subjects,flow cytometer was used to observe the changes of cell cycle of CMEC after being cultured with SV(10 mg/mL),AM (20 mg/mL) and SV+AM(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL),and the expression of CyclinD1 and p27 at protein level were detected by using immunohistochemical staining techniques.The results showed that:(1) Compared with the control group,in the cells of the three treatment groups of SV(10 mg/mL),AM(20 mg/mL) and SV+AM(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL),flow cytomery analysis showed a most significant increase number of cells in S phase(p＜0.01), and a promotion in CMEC's changing from G1 phase to S phase;(2) The positive expression rate of CyclinD1 was increased and p27 expression was decreased in the groups treated with SV(10 mg/mL)(p＜0.01),AM(20 mg/mL)(p＜0.01),and the commixture of SV and AM(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL)(p＜0.01),compared with the control group.Moreover the commixture of SV+AM(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL) developed the best role.These results suggested that:Physiological concentrations of aqueous extracts of SV,AM may promote CMEC proliferation via increasing the expression of CyclinD1 and decreasing the expression of p27,thereby changing the cell proliferation cycle,could stimulate the growth and differentiation of CMEC.
4 The effects of Semen Vaccariae,Astraglus membranaceus on the secretion performance of CMEC cultured in vitro
To study and compare the effects of Semen Vaccariae(SV),Astragalus membranaceus (AM)on the secretion perfermance of CMEC,the second-third passage cells of CMEC were selected as experimental subjects,changes of ultra-structural morphology,total content and compositions of amino acids in CMEC's lysate,and total content of proteins in CMEC's lysate were observed after CMEC being cultured with SV(10 mg/mL),AM(20 mg/mL) and SV+AM(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL) for 48 h,respectively.The results showed that:after being incubated with herbal medicines for 48 h,compared with the control groups,(1) the CMEC's ultra-structural morphology were remolded,exhibiting more characteristics of secretion function and differentiation signs;(2) the total contents of amino acids in CMEC's lysate were most significantly increased(p＜0.01),the total contents of free amino acids in CMEC's lysate were more or most significantly increased(SV(10 mg/mL),SV+AM(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL),p＜0.01;AM(20 mg/mL),p＜0.05);(3) the total contents of proteins in CMEC's lysate were also increased obviously(SV(10 mg/mL),SV+AM(10 mg/mL +20 mg/mL),p＜0.01;but,AM(20 mg/mL),p＞0.05).These results suggested that:Physiological concentrations of aqueous extracts of SV,AM may promote the synthesis of milk proteins via remolding the ultra- structural morphology of CMEC,stimulating the absorption of free amino acids in CMEC.
5 The effects of Semen Vaccariae,Astraglus membranaceus on the synthesis of caseins and lactoferrin in CMEC
To study and compare the effects of Semen Vaccariae(SV),Astragalus membranaceus (AM)on the synthesis of caseins and lactoferrin in CMEC,the second-third passage cells of CMEC were selected as experimental subjects,the expression of a_(s1)-casein,β-casein, lactoferrin mRNA in CMEC's lysate were detected by using RT-PCR,the total contents of a_(s1)-casein,β-casein,lactoferrin in CMEC's lysate were detected by using ELISA.The results showed that:(1) Compared with the control group,the expression of a_(s1)-casein mRNA in the CMEC's lysate of the groups of SV(10 mg/mL),SV+AM(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL)were most significantly increased(p＜0.01),the expression of a_(s1)-casein mRNA in the CMEC's lysate of the group of AM(20 mg/mL)was decreased(p＞0.05);the expression ofβ-casein mRNA in the CMEC's lysate of the groups of SV(10 mg/mL),SV+AM(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL)were more significantly increased(p＜0.05),the expression ofβ-casein mRNA in the CMEC's lysate of the group of AM(20 mg/mL) was increased too,but there was no significant difference(P＞0.05);the expression of lactoferrin mRNA in the CMEC's lysate of the group of SV+AM(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL)was more significantly increased (p＜0.05),the expression of lactoferrin mRNA in the groups of AM(20 mg/mL),SV(10 mg/mL) were also increased,but there were no significant difference(P＞0.05);(2) Compared with the control group,the total contents of a_(s1)-casein in CMEC's lysate in the group of SV+AM(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL) was more higher(p＜0.01),the total contents of a_(s1)-casein in the groups of AM(20 mg/mL),SV(10 mg/mL) were higher,but there were no significant difference(P＞0.05);the total contents ofβ-casein in CMEC's lysate in the groups of SV+AM(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL),SV(10 mg/mL)were more higher(p＜0.01), the total contents ofβ-casein in the group of AM(20 mg/mL) was higher,but there was no significant difference(P＞0.05);the total contents of lactoferrin in CMEC's lysate in the groups of SV+AM(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL),SV(10 mg/mL),AM(20 mg/mL) had the tendency to be higher but had no significant difference(P＞0.05).
Collectively,the results accomplished in this work showed that the physiological concentrations of aqueous extracts of SV,AM promoted significantly the synthesis of a_(s1)-casein,β-casein,lactoferrin in CMEC,which may be closely related with the effects of SV,AM on stimulating the proliferation of CMEC,facilitating the re-mold of ultrastructural morphology in CMEC,enhancing the absorption of free amino acids of CMEC.
本研究包括五个部分。
1奶牛乳腺上皮细胞体外培养体系的建立
采用组织块培养法、联合应用差酶消化法和反复贴壁法建立体外奶牛乳腺上皮细胞培养体系,采用透射电镜、免疫组化、免疫印迹等试验技术方法对乳腺上皮细胞特性进行检测。试验结果表明,运用本方法建立的奶牛乳腺细胞系上皮特性及分泌功能特征完备。
2七味中草药粗提液对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞促增殖作用的比较研究
研究比较七味中草药对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞体外生长的促增殖效应。确定黄芪、王不留行、当归、川芎、栝楼、漏芦和续断粗提物为备筛药物,采用2-3代奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(CMEC)为试验材料,在细胞培养液中添加不同浓度的上述中草药提取液,采用MTT比色法,比较其对细胞增殖的促进作用。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,浓度分别为10 mg/mL的王不留行,20 mg/mL的黄芪,10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL的王不留行黄芪混合物均可极显著地促进乳腺上皮细胞生长(p<0.01),尤以10 mg/mL+20mg/mL的王不留行黄芪配伍组作用效果最好。
3王不留行与黄芪促进奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖调控机理的初步研究
试验以2-3代奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(CMEC)为试验模型,采用流式细胞仪、免疫组织化学染色法,检测王不留行(10 mg/mL)、黄芪(20 mg/mL)、王不留行黄芪配伍(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL)对乳腺上皮细胞增殖周期分布、ClycinD1、p27蛋白在乳腺上皮细胞内阳性表达的影响。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,浓度分别为10 mg/mL的王不留行,20 mg/mL的黄芪,10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL的王不留行黄芪配伍均可促进乳腺上皮细胞细胞周期G1/S期转换(p<0.01),增加细胞周期中S期细胞的数目(p<0.01),CyclinD1的阳性表达均得到上调(p<0.01),p27的阳性表达均下降(p<0.01),尤以王不留行黄芪配伍作用明显。结果提示,黄芪、王不留行促进乳腺细咆的增殖,是通过上调CyclinD1表达、下调p27表达水平,进而加速细胞周期G1/S期的转换完成的。
4王不留行与黄芪对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞体外分泌性能的影响
本试验研究了中草药黄芪、王不留行对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞体外分泌性能的影响。以2-3代奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(CMEC)为试验模型,研究中草药黄芪、王不留行作用前后细胞内部超微结构的变化、细胞裂解液中氨基酸总浓度及组分的变化规律,以及细胞裂解液中蛋白总浓度的变化。试验结果表明,与空白对照组相比,王不留行(10mg/mL)、黄芪(20 mg/mL)、王不留行与黄芪配伍(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL)作用于细胞后,细胞内部超微结构发生了重塑,表现出更多功能分泌分化的特征标志;细胞裂解液中氨基酸的总浓度均得到提高(p<0.01),细胞裂解液中游离氨基酸的总浓度均显著或极显著地提高(王不留行(10 mg/mL)、王不留行黄芪配伍(10 mg/mL+20mg/mL),p<0.01;黄芪(20 mg/mL),P<0.05;);细胞裂解液中蛋白总含量亦有明显的增高,(王不留行(10 mg/mL)、王不留行黄芪配伍(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL),p<0.01;黄芪(20 mg/mL),P>0.05;)。结果提示,中草药黄芪、王不留行可通过对乳腺细胞内部超微结构的重塑、促进乳腺细胞吸收胞外游离氨基酸,使乳腺细胞蛋白合成增多。
5王不留行与黄芪对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞合成乳铁蛋白和酪蛋白的影响
本试验以2-3代奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(CMEC)为试验模型,应用荧光定量RT-PCR技术研究了中草药王不留行、黄芪对乳腺细胞a_(s1)-酪蛋白、β-酪蛋白和乳铁蛋白基因表达的影响;应用ELISA竞争抑制性法检测,王不留行、黄芪作用前后乳腺细胞裂解液中a_(s1)-酪蛋白、β-酪蛋白和乳铁蛋白含量的变化。试验结果表明,与空白对照组相比,王不留行黄芪配伍(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL)、王不留行(10 mg/mL)均极显著提高a_(s1)-酪蛋白mRNA的表达(p<0.01),黄芪(20 mg/mL)组细胞a_(s1)-酪蛋白mRNA表达稍低于空白对照组,差异不显著(P>0.05);王不留行黄芪配伍(10 mg/mL+20mg/mL)、王不留行(10 mg/mL)均显著提高β-酪蛋白mRNA的表达(p<0.05),黄芪(20 mg/mL)组细胞β-酪蛋白mRNA表达稍高于空白对照组,差异不显著(P>0.05);王不留行黄芪配伍(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL)显著提高乳铁蛋白mRNA的表达(p<0.05),王不留行(10 mg/mL)组和黄芪(20 mg/mL)组细胞乳铁蛋白mRNA的表达稍高于空白对照组,差异不显著(P>0.05)。a_(s1)-酪蛋白合成量的检测结果表明,黄芪(20mg/mL)+王不留行(10 mg/mL)配伍作用效果较明显,其组内乳腺细胞a_(s1)-酪蛋白合成量显著高于空白对照(P<0.05);而黄芪(20 mg/mL)组和王不留行(10 mg/mL)组相比较于空白对照组,组内乳腺细胞a_(s1)-酪蛋白合成量略有增高,差异不显著(P>0.05)。β-酪蛋白合成量的检测结果表明,黄芪(20 mg/mL)+王不留行(10 mg/mL)配伍组和王不留行(10 mg/mL)组细胞β-酪蛋白合成量显著高于空白对照组(P<0.05),黄芪(20 mg/mL)组细胞β-酪蛋白合成量略高于空白对照组,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。乳铁蛋白合成量的检测结果表明,与空白对照组比较,中草药作用细胞后,乳腺细胞乳铁蛋白合成量均略有增高,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。
以上五个试验部分的研究结果表明:中草药黄芪、王不留行促进乳腺细胞a_(s1)-酪蛋白、β-酪蛋白和乳铁蛋白的合成,其潜在机制与其能够促进乳腺上皮细胞增殖、促进乳腺上皮细胞内部超微结构重塑、促进乳腺上皮细胞吸收胞外游离氨基酸密切相关。
The aim of this study is to reveal the regulation mechanisms of the effects of Semen Vaccariae,Astraglus membranaceus on the proliferation rules and secretion function of cow mammary epithelial cells cultured in vitro.Firstly,a cow mammary epithelial cells (CMEC) culture system was established,and based on the optimized culture of CMEC with normal physiological functions,experiments were conducted to select the herbal medicines which have the ability to increase the number of CMEC by increasing growth rate or longevity,and detected their perfected reaction concentrations and reaction time.Based on the selected results,the effects of Semen Vaccariae and Astraglus membranaceus on the biology characteristics of CMEC and their underlying regulation mechanisms were studied.
The studies included five sections presented as follows:
1 Establishment of a cow mammary epithelial cell line cultured in vitro
To establish an in vitro culture system in which cow mammary epithelial cells(CMEC) grow well,the mammary tissue clumps from Holstein cows in lactation period at adulthood were cultured to harvest epithelial cells.The cell morphological varieties,cell population doubling time,and the cell growth curve were observed and investigated.The epithelial character of CMEC was authenticated using immunity histochemistry technique;the lactation function of the cells was detected by SDS-PAGE and western-blot.The results showed that the cow MEC grew well and proliferated vigorously in this culture system;The celluar skeletal protein18 expressed positively,the electrophoresis and western blot analysis of the products of the cells showed that the cells cultured had a function of expressing caseins.
2 The comparative study on stimulative effects of crude exacts from seven herbal medicines on the proliferation of CMEC
To study and compare the effects of seven traditional medicine crude extracts on the proliferation of CMEC,and to investigate the mechanisms,Astragalus membranaceu, Semen Vaccariae,Angelica Sinensis,Linguisticum chuanxiong Hort,trichosanthis,fructus et semen,Rhaponticum Uniflorum,Himalayan Teasel Root were selected as experimental drugs,the effects of crude extracts in different concentrations on the proliferation of the second -third passage cells of CMEC were observed by MTT assay.The results showed that: The herbs of Semen Vaccariae(SV),Astragalus membranaceus(AM) and the commixture of SV and AM(SV+AM) demonstrated proliferative activities in CMEC.The highest potency was detected in SV(10 mg/mL),AM(20 mg/mL) and SV+AM(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL) compared with the control group(p＜0.01),moreover the commixture of SV+AM (10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL) developed the best role.
3 The preliminary study on the mechanisms of the effects of Semen Vaccariae,Astraglus membranaceus on the proliferation and differentiation of CMEC
To investigate the mechanisms of the effects of Semen Vaccariae(SV),Astragalus membranaceus(AM)on the proliferation and differentiation of CMEC,the second-third passage cells of CMEC were selected as experimental subjects,flow cytometer was used to observe the changes of cell cycle of CMEC after being cultured with SV(10 mg/mL),AM (20 mg/mL) and SV+AM(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL),and the expression of CyclinD1 and p27 at protein level were detected by using immunohistochemical staining techniques.The results showed that:(1) Compared with the control group,in the cells of the three treatment groups of SV(10 mg/mL),AM(20 mg/mL) and SV+AM(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL),flow cytomery analysis showed a most significant increase number of cells in S phase(p＜0.01), and a promotion in CMEC's changing from G1 phase to S phase;(2) The positive expression rate of CyclinD1 was increased and p27 expression was decreased in the groups treated with SV(10 mg/mL)(p＜0.01),AM(20 mg/mL)(p＜0.01),and the commixture of SV and AM(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL)(p＜0.01),compared with the control group.Moreover the commixture of SV+AM(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL) developed the best role.These results suggested that:Physiological concentrations of aqueous extracts of SV,AM may promote CMEC proliferation via increasing the expression of CyclinD1 and decreasing the expression of p27,thereby changing the cell proliferation cycle,could stimulate the growth and differentiation of CMEC.
4 The effects of Semen Vaccariae,Astraglus membranaceus on the secretion performance of CMEC cultured in vitro
To study and compare the effects of Semen Vaccariae(SV),Astragalus membranaceus (AM)on the secretion perfermance of CMEC,the second-third passage cells of CMEC were selected as experimental subjects,changes of ultra-structural morphology,total content and compositions of amino acids in CMEC's lysate,and total content of proteins in CMEC's lysate were observed after CMEC being cultured with SV(10 mg/mL),AM(20 mg/mL) and SV+AM(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL) for 48 h,respectively.The results showed that:after being incubated with herbal medicines for 48 h,compared with the control groups,(1) the CMEC's ultra-structural morphology were remolded,exhibiting more characteristics of secretion function and differentiation signs;(2) the total contents of amino acids in CMEC's lysate were most significantly increased(p＜0.01),the total contents of free amino acids in CMEC's lysate were more or most significantly increased(SV(10 mg/mL),SV+AM(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL),p＜0.01;AM(20 mg/mL),p＜0.05);(3) the total contents of proteins in CMEC's lysate were also increased obviously(SV(10 mg/mL),SV+AM(10 mg/mL +20 mg/mL),p＜0.01;but,AM(20 mg/mL),p＞0.05).These results suggested that:Physiological concentrations of aqueous extracts of SV,AM may promote the synthesis of milk proteins via remolding the ultra- structural morphology of CMEC,stimulating the absorption of free amino acids in CMEC.
5 The effects of Semen Vaccariae,Astraglus membranaceus on the synthesis of caseins and lactoferrin in CMEC
To study and compare the effects of Semen Vaccariae(SV),Astragalus membranaceus (AM)on the synthesis of caseins and lactoferrin in CMEC,the second-third passage cells of CMEC were selected as experimental subjects,the expression of a_(s1)-casein,β-casein, lactoferrin mRNA in CMEC's lysate were detected by using RT-PCR,the total contents of a_(s1)-casein,β-casein,lactoferrin in CMEC's lysate were detected by using ELISA.The results showed that:(1) Compared with the control group,the expression of a_(s1)-casein mRNA in the CMEC's lysate of the groups of SV(10 mg/mL),SV+AM(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL)were most significantly increased(p＜0.01),the expression of a_(s1)-casein mRNA in the CMEC's lysate of the group of AM(20 mg/mL)was decreased(p＞0.05);the expression ofβ-casein mRNA in the CMEC's lysate of the groups of SV(10 mg/mL),SV+AM(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL)were more significantly increased(p＜0.05),the expression ofβ-casein mRNA in the CMEC's lysate of the group of AM(20 mg/mL) was increased too,but there was no significant difference(P＞0.05);the expression of lactoferrin mRNA in the CMEC's lysate of the group of SV+AM(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL)was more significantly increased (p＜0.05),the expression of lactoferrin mRNA in the groups of AM(20 mg/mL),SV(10 mg/mL) were also increased,but there were no significant difference(P＞0.05);(2) Compared with the control group,the total contents of a_(s1)-casein in CMEC's lysate in the group of SV+AM(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL) was more higher(p＜0.01),the total contents of a_(s1)-casein in the groups of AM(20 mg/mL),SV(10 mg/mL) were higher,but there were no significant difference(P＞0.05);the total contents ofβ-casein in CMEC's lysate in the groups of SV+AM(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL),SV(10 mg/mL)were more higher(p＜0.01), the total contents ofβ-casein in the group of AM(20 mg/mL) was higher,but there was no significant difference(P＞0.05);the total contents of lactoferrin in CMEC's lysate in the groups of SV+AM(10 mg/mL+20 mg/mL),SV(10 mg/mL),AM(20 mg/mL) had the tendency to be higher but had no significant difference(P＞0.05).
Collectively,the results accomplished in this work showed that the physiological concentrations of aqueous extracts of SV,AM promoted significantly the synthesis of a_(s1)-casein,β-casein,lactoferrin in CMEC,which may be closely related with the effects of SV,AM on stimulating the proliferation of CMEC,facilitating the re-mold of ultrastructural morphology in CMEC,enhancing the absorption of free amino acids of CMEC.
引文
[1] Barnes D and Sato G. Serum-free cell culture: A unifying approach[J]. Cell, 1980, 22:649-655
[2] Evans MJ and Kaufman M. Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos[J].Nature, 1981,292:151-156
[3] Evans T and Resenthal E. Cyclin:a protein specified by maternal mRNA in sea urchin eggs that is destroyed at each cleavage division [J].Cell,1983,33:389-396
[4] Labbe JC, Picard A, et al. Purification of MPF from starfish:identification as the Hlhistone kinase p34~(cdc2) and a possible mechanism for its periodic activation [JJ.Cell,1989,57:253-263
[5] Buehring GC. Culture of human mammary epithelial cells:keeping abreast with a new method [J]. J.Natl. Cancer Inst., 1972, 49(5):1433-1434
[6] Stampfer M, Hallowes RC, Hackett AJ. Growth of normal human mammary cells in culture [J]. In Vitro,1980,16(5):415-425
[7] Danielson KG, Obom CJ, Durban EM. Epithelial mouse mammary cell line exhibiting normal morpHogenesis in vivo and functional differentiation in vitro [J]. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,1984,81(12):3756-3760
[8] Cifrian E, Guidry AJ, O'Brien CN, Keys JE and Marquardt WW. Bovine mammary teat and ductal epithelial cell cultures [J]. Am.J Vet.Res.,1994,55: 239-246
[9]Cifrian E, Guidry AJ.O'Brien CN, Nickerson SC and Marquardt WW. Adherence of Strphylococcus aureus to cultured bovine mammary epithelial cells [J]. J. Dairy Sci., 1994, 77: 970-983
[10] Mackenzie DDS, Brooker BE and Forsyth I. Ultrastructural features of bovine mammary epithelial cells grown on collagen gels [J].Tissue and Cell,1985,17:39-51
[11] Mackenzie DDS, Forsyth A, Brooker BE and Turvey A. Culture of bovine mammary epithelial cells on collagen gel [J].Tissue and Cell,1982,14: 231-241
[12] Talhouk RS, Neiswander RL and Schanbacher FL. In vitro culture of cryopreserved bovine mammary cells on collagen gels: synthesis and secretion of casein and lactoferrin [J].Tissue and Cell,1990, 22: 583-599
[13] Daniel CW and Silvberstein GB.The mammary gland development regulation and function [J].New York, Plenum press,1987,3:36
[14] Haslam SZ and Counterman LJ. Mammary stroma modulates hormonal responsiveness of mammary epithelium in vitro in the mouse [J]. Endocrinology, 1991, 129: 2017-2023
[15] Zavizion B, van Duffelen M, Schaeffer W, and Politis I. Establishment and characterization of a bovine mammary epithelial cell line with unique properties [J]. In vitro Cell. Dev. Biol-Animal,1996,32:138-148
[16] Pantschenko AG and Yang TJ. Mitogenic responsiveness of caprine mammary epithelial cells to endocrine and cytokine factors [J]. Endocrine.l999,10(2):123-130
[17] Ann J-Y, Aoki N, Adachi T, Mizuno Y, Nakamura R, and Matsuda T. Isolation and culture of bovine mammary epithelial cells and establishment of gene transfection conditions in the cells [J].Biosci.Biotech.Biochem.,1995,59:59-64
[18] Shamay A, Cohen N, Niwa M and Gertie A. Effect of insulin-like growth factor I on deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and galactopoiesis in bovine undifferentiated and lactating mammary tissue in vitro [J]. Endocrinology,1988,123: 804-809
[19] Matitashvili E, Zavizion B, Dwyer D and Bauman DE. Primary bovine mammary epithelial cells in culture [J]. J.Dairy Sci., 1996, 79(Suppl.1),132
[20] McGrath MF. A novel system for mammary epithelial cell culture[J].J.DairySci.,1987,70:1967-1980
[21] Hansen HO, Tomehave D and Knudsen J. Synthesis of milk specific fatty acids and proteins by dispersed goat mammary gland epithelial cells [J].Biochem.J,1986,238:167-172
[22] Amorena B, Ba&ga R and Aguilar B. Factors influencing the degree of in vitro bacterial adhesion to ovine mammary gland epithelial cells [J].Vet.Microbial.,1990,24:43-53
[23] Fitzpatrick JL, Mayer SJ, Vilela C, Bland PW and Stokes CR. Cytokine-induced major histocompatibility complex class II antigen on cultured bovine mammary glandepithelial cells[J].J Dairy Sci.,1994,77: 2940-2948
[24] Wanasinghe DD. In vitro adherence of StapHylococcus uureus to bovine mammary gland epithelial cells [J].Acta Vet.Scund.,1981, 22: 99-108
[25] Buehring GC. Culture of mammary epithelial cells from bovine milk [J]. J. Dairy Sci., 1990,73:956-963
[26] Tateyama S, Kawano A, Yamaguchi R and Kondo F. Culture conditions and cell morphology of goat milk-derived mammary epithelial cells in plate culture [J].J.Vet.Sci.l988,50:192-199
[27] 鄂征主编.组织培养和分子细胞学技术[M].北京:北京出版社, 1995
[28] Zavition B, Gorewit RC, Politis I. Subcloning the MAT-T bovine mammary epithelial cell line:morpHology, growth, properties, and cytogenetic analysis of clonal cells[J]. J Dairy Sci.1995,78:515-527
[29] Huynh HT and Pollak M. HH2a, an immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cell line expresses the gene encoding mammary derived growth inhibitor(MDGI) [J]. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim, 1995,31A:25-29
[30] Rejman JJ, Oliver SP, Muenchen RA and Turner JD. Proliferation of the MAC-T bovine mammary epithelial cell line in the presence of mammary secretion whey proteins [J]. Biol. Int. Rep.,1992,16:993-1001
[31] Vernon RB, Angello JC, Iruela-Acispe ML, et al. Reorganization of basement membrane matrices by cellular traction promotes the formation of cellular networks in vitro [J]. Lab. Invest. 1992, 66:536-547
[32] Guzzman RC, Osborn RC, Richards JE,et al. Effects of phorbol esters on normal and tumorous mouse mammary epithelial cells embedded in collagen gels [J].J.Natl Cancer Inst,1983,71:69-72
[33] Razin A, Riggs AD.DNA methylation and gene function [J].Science,1980,210:604-609
[34] Osborne R, Howell AJ, and Nicholas KR. Hormone-dependent expression of the ovine-lactoglobulin gene [J]. J.Dairy Res.,1995, 62,321-329
[35] Puissant C, Attal J and Houdebine LM. The hormonal control of ovine-lactoglobulin gene in cultured ewe mammary explants [J]. Reprod.Nut.Dev., 1990, 30: 245-251
[36] Houdebine LM, Djiane J, Dusanter-Fourt I, Martel P, Kelly PA, Devinoy E, and Servely JL.Hormonal action controlling mammary activity [J]. J.Daily Sci.,1985,68: 489-500
[37] Jindal HK, and Pandey RS. Studies on the regulation of enzymes related to fatty acid synthesis in goat mammary gland using explant culture system [J]. Ind.J.Biochem.Biophys.,1988,25:428-433
[38] Hayrnan EG, Barnes D, Pierschacher M.et al. Serimsprecading factor is a major attachment protein in fetal bovine serum and the active principle in attachment-promoting fetuin [J].J.Cell Biol. 1977,95: 121a
[39] Atwood CS, Hovey RC, Glover JP, et al. Progesterone induces side-branching of the ductal epithelium in the mammary glands of peripubertal mice [J]. J Endocrinol.2000,167(1):39-52
[40] Woodward TL, Beal WE, and Akers RM.Cell interactions in initiation of mammary epithelial proliferation by oestradiol and progesteron in prepubertalheifers[J].J.Endocrinol.,1993,136:149-157
[41] Iiamamoto S, Imagawa W, Yang J and Nandi S. Morphogenesis of mouse mammary epithelial cells growing within collagen gels: ultrastructural and immunocytochemical characterization[J].Cell Differ,1988,22(3):191-201
[42] Darcy KM, Shoemaker SF, Lee PP. Hydrocortosone and progesterone regulation of the proliferation,morphogenesis, and functional differentiation of normal rat mammary epithelial cells in three dimensional primary culture [J]. J Cell Physiol,1995,163(2):365-379
[43] Woodward TL, Xie J, Fendrick JL, Haslam SZ. Proliferation of mouse mammary epithelial cells in vitro: interactions among epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor I, ovarian hormones,and extraccllular matrix proteins [J]. Endocrinology,2000,141(10):3578-3586
[44] Beck JC and Hoslck HL. Growth of mouse mammary epithelium in response to serum-free media conditioned by mammary adipose tissue [J]. Cell Biol. Int. Rep,1998,12: 85-97
[45] Hansen HO and Knudsen J. Lactating goat mammary gland cells in culture [J]. Camp.Biochem.PHysiol., 1991,99A: 129-135
[46] McGrath MF, Collier RJ, Clemmons DR, Busby WH, Sweeny CA and Krivi GG The direct in vitro effect of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)on normal bovine mammary cell proliferation and production of IGF binding proteins [J]. Endocrinology, 1991,129: 671-678
[47] Winder SJ, Turvey A and Forsyth LA. Stimulation of DNA synthesis in cultures of ovine mammary epithelial cells by insulin and insulin-like growth factors [J]. J.Endocrinol.1989,123:319-326
[48] Shamay Aand Gertler A. A model for in vitro proliferation of undifferentiated bovine mammary epithelial cells Cell [J]. Biol.Inf.Rep.,1986,10:923-1001
[49] Waksman M, Shamay A and Gertler A. Bovine pituitary, kidney, uterine and mammary gland extracts contain bovine mammary epithelium growth factors that synergize with IGF I and fetal calf serum: indication for involvement of GTP-binding proteins [J]. Domest. Anim. Enabcrinol. 1991, 8:271-280
[50] Winder SJ, Turvey A and Forsyth IA. Characteristics of ruminant mammary epithelial cells growth in primary culture in serum-free medium [J]. J.Dairy Res.,1992, 59:491-498
[51] Wheeler TT, Callaghan MR, Davis SR, Presser CG and Wilkins RJ. Milk protein synthesis, gene expression, and hormonal responsiveness in primary cultures of mammary cells from lactating sheep [J]. Exp.Cell Res.,1995, 217: 346-354
[52] Bohmer FD, Lehman W, Schmidt HE, et al. Purification of a growth inhibitor forehrlichascites mammary carcinoma cells from bovine mammary gland [J].Exp.Cell Res.,1984,150:466-476
[53] LippMan ME. Hormonal regulation of human breast cancer cells in vitro. In:Pike MC, Siitcri PK,Welsch CS(eds) Banbury Report 8: Hormones and Breast Cancer[J].Cold Spring Harbor laboratory,1981,8:171-176
[54] Bullock LP, Barthe PZ, Mowazowicz I, et al. The effects of progestins on submaxillary gland epidermal growth factor, demonstration of androgenic, synandrogienic, and antiandrogenic actions [J]. Endocrinology, 1975, 97:189
[1]Ehman UK.Long-term proliferation of mouse thymic epithelial cells in culture in vitro[J].Cell.Dev.Biol.,1986,22:738-748
[2]Manfred JL,Marianne KH,James LM.Purification of maturation-promoting factor:an intracellular regulator of early mitotic events[J].Pro.Natl.Cad.Sci.USA,1985,3009-3013
[3]Musui Y and Markert CL.Cytoplasmic control of nuclear behavior during meiotic maturation of frog oocytes[J].J.Exp.Zool.,1971,117:129-146
[4]Doree M,Labbe JC,Picard A.M phase-promoting factor:its identification as the M phase-specific H1 histone kinase and its activation by depherylation[J].J.Cell Sci.(Suppl.),1989,12:39-51
[5]Murray AW,Solomon MJ,Kirschner MW.The role of cylin synthesis and degradation the control of maturation promoting factor activity[J].Nature,1989,339:280-286
[6]Lammer C,Wagerer S,Saffrich R,et al.The cdc25B phosphatase is essential for the G2/M phase transition in human cells[J].J.Cell Sci.,1998,111(Pt 16):2445-2453
[7]Haslam SZ and Counterman LJ.Mammary stroma modulates hormaonal responsiveness of mammary epithelium in vitro in the mouse[J].Endocrinology,1991,129:2017-2023
[8]Fulka JR,Jung T and Moor M.The fall of biological maturation promoting factor(MPF) and histone H1 kinase activity during anaphase and telephase in mouse oocytes[J].Mol.Prpro.Dev.,1992,32: 378-382
[9] Matsushime H, Ewen ME, Strom D, et al. Identification and properties of an atypical catalytic subunit for mammalian D-type Gl cyclin [J].Cell,1992,71:323-334
[10] Sherr CJ. Mammalian Glcyclins [J]. Cell, 1993,73:1059-1065
[11] Kodach LL, Bos CL, Duran N, et al. Violacein synergistically increases 5-fluorouracil cytotoxicity,induces apoptosis and inhibits Akt-mediated signal transduction in human colorectal cancer cells [J].Carcinogenesis, 2006, 27(3): 508-516
[12] Cham AK, Paul N, Lukas J, et al. Requirement of a centrosomal activity for cell cycle progression through G1 into S phase [J]. Science, 2001, 291:1547-1550
[13] Itamar S, Krek W, Nigg EA, et al. Seril regulation of transcriptional regulators in the yeast cell cycle [J]. Cell, 2001,106: 697-708
[14] Gerard IE, Wells W, Rerder CL, et al. Proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis in cancer [J]. Nature,2001, 411:342-348.
[15] Bruce AE, Hartwell LH. Endoreplication cell cycle: more for less [J]. Cell, 2001,105:297-306
[16] Cocker JH, Kiser GL, Hartwell LH, et al. An essential role for the Cdc6 protein in forming the pre-replication complexes of budding yeast [J]. Nature, 1996, 379:180-182
[17] Leatherwood , Funabiki H , Sudakin V , et al. Interaction of Cdc2 and Cdcl8 with a fission yeast ORC2-like protein [J]. Nature,1996,379:360-363
[18] Calvi BR , Tim H, Lanker S , et al. Cell cycle control of chorion gene amplification [J].Genes Dev.,1998, 12:734-744
[19] Hua XH , Holloway SL, Sutana U , et al. A role for Cdk2 kinase in negatively regulating DNA replication during S phase of the cell cycle [J]. J. Cell .Biol., 1997,137:183-192
[20] Fang F , Oehlen B , Cross F R , et al. Dependenec of cyclin-Cdk2 kinase activity on cell anchorage [J]. Science, 1996, 271: 499-502
[21] Kim Y, Zhao M. Aberrant cell cycle regulation in cervical carcinoma [J]. Yonsei. Med. J., 2005,46(5):597-613.
[22] Aggarwal B, Ichikawa H. Molecular targets and anticancer potential of indole-3-carbinol and its derivatives [J].Cell Cycle, 2005, 4(9):1201-1215
[23] Zhang S, Caamano J, Cooper F, et al. Immunohistochemistry of cyclinDl in human breast cancer [J].Am J. Clin .Pathol, 1994,102:695
[24] Gillet CE, Lee AHS, Millis RR, et al. CyclinDl and associated proteins in mammary ductal carcinoma in situ and atypical ductal hyperplasia [J]. J. Pathol, 1998,184:396
[25] Watts CK, Brsdy A, Sarcevic B, et al. Antiestrogen inhibition of cell cycle progression in breast cancer cells is associated with inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase activity and decreased retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation [J]. Mol. Endocrinol,1995,9:1804
[26] Simpson JF, Quan DE, O'Malley F, et al. Amplification of CCND1 and expression of its protein product, cyclin D1, in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast [J].Am. J. Pat., 1997,151:161
[27] Jacks T, Weinberg RA. The expanding role of cell cycle regulators [J]. Science, 1998, 280:1035
[28] Lundberg AS, Weinberg RA. Functional inactivation of the retinoblastoma protein requires sequential modification by at least two distinct cyclin-cdk complexes [J]. Mol. Cell. Biol, 1998,18:753
[29] Whittaker AJ, Pines J, Glotzer M, et al. Drosophila double parked: aconserved, essential replication protein that colocalizes with the origin recognition complex and links DNA replication with mitosis and the down-regulation of S phase transcripts [J]. Genes.Dev., 2000,14:1765-1776
[30] Shapira M, Kakiashvili E, Rosenberg T, et al. The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin downregulates the expression of the ubiquitin ligase subunit Skp2 in breast cancer cells [J]. Breast Cancer Res., 2006,8(4):R46-53.
[31] Kelly BL, Wolfe KGe and Roberts JM. Identification of a substrate-targeting domain in cyclinE neccessary for phosphorylation of the retinobladtoma protein [J]. Proc . Nati . Acad . Sci. USA,1998, 95:2 535-2 540
[32] Koff A, Giordano A, Desai D, et al. Fomation and activation of a cyclinE-cdk2 complex during the G1 phase of the human cell cycle [J]. Science,1992, 257:1689-1694
[33] de Nooij J C, Cobrinik D, White P, et al. Expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor dacapo is regulated by cyclinE [J]. Mech. Dev., 2000, 97: 73-83
[34] Sherr C, Roberts JM. Positive and negative regulation by CDK inhibitors [J].Genes Dev.,1999, 13:1501-1512
[35] Duronio RJ, Pardee AB, Nevins J R, et al. Mutations of the drosopHila dDP, dE2F, and cyclinE genes reveal distinct roles for the E2F-Dp transcription factor and cyclinE during the S phase transition [J]. Mol. Biol., 1998, 18:141-151
[36] Fero ML, Randel E, Gurley KE, et al. The murine gene p27 is haplo-insufficient for tumor suppression [J]. Nature, 1998, 396:177-180
[37] Porter PL, Malone KE, Heagerty PJ, et al. Expression of cell cycle regulators P27~(kip1)and CyclinE,alone and in combination correlate with survival in yong breast cancer patients [J]. Nat. Med.,1997,3: 222-225
[38] Eymin B, Haugg M, DroinN, et al. p~(27Kip1) induces drug resistance by preventing apoptosis upstream of cytochrome release and procaspase-3 activation in leukemic cells [J]. Oncogene, 1999, 18(7): 1411-1418
[39] Xing H, Wang S, Hu K, et al. Effect of the cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitor p27 on resistance of ovarian cancer multicellular spHeroids to anticancer chemotherapy [J]. J.Cancer.Res.Clin.Onco,2005,131(8): 511-519
[40] Barbareschi M, van Tinteren H, Mauri FA, et al. p27~((kip1)) expression in breast carcinomas: an immunohistochemical study on 512 patients with long-term follow-up [J]. Int. J.Cancer, 2000, 89(3):236-241
[41] Cariou S, Donovan JC, Flanagan WM, et al. Down-regulation of p21~(WAF1/CIP1) or p27~(Kip1) abrogates antiestrogen-mediated cell cycle arrest in human breast cancer cells [J]. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.USA,2000, 97(16): 9042-9046
[42] Cheng M, Olivier P, Diehl A, et al. The P21~(cip1)and P27~(kip1)CDK'inhibitor'are essential activators of cyclinD-dependent kinaese in murine fibroblasts [J]. EMBO.J., 1999, 18:1571-1583
[43] Woodward TL, Xie J, Fendrick JL, Haslam SZ. Proliferation of mouse mammary epithelial cells in vitro: interactions among epidermal growth factor, Insulin-like growth factor I, ovarian hormones, and extraccllular matrix proteins [J]. Endocrinology, 2000,141(10):3578-3586
[44] Musgrove EA , Hamilton JE , Lee CSL, et al. Growth factor, steroid, and steroid antagonist regulation of cyclin gene expression associated with changes in T-47D human breast cancer cell cycle progression [J]. Mol. Cell. Biol., 1993,13:3577-3586
[45] Gerard IE, Wells W, Rerder CL, et al. Proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis in cancer [J]. Nature,2001,411:342-348
[46] Muller H, Helin K. The E2F transcription factors: key regulators of cell proliferation [J]. Biochim.Biophys .Acta., 2000,1470(1): M1
[47] Liu TJ, Wang M, Breau RL, et al. Apoptosis induction by E2F-1 via adenoviral-mediated gene transfer results in growth suppression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines[J].Cancer Gene Ther., 1999, 6(2): 163-169
[48] Wu CL, Classon M, Dyson N, et al. Expression of dominant-negative mutant DP1 blocks cell cycle progression [J]. Mol. Cell Biol., 1996,16(7): 3698-3706
[1]陆东林.牛奶中的氨基酸含量及其营养价值[J].新疆畜牧业,2001,4:12-14
[2]Davis SR,MepHam TB.Metabolism of L-(U-14C)valine,L-(U-14C)leucine,L-(U-14C) histidine and L-(U-14C) pHenylalanine by the isolated perfused lactating guinea-pig mammary gland[J].Biochem J,1976,156(3):553-560
[3]Baekwell FRC,Bequette BJ,Wilson D,Metcalf JA,Franklin ME,Beevr DE,Lobley GE,MacRa JC.Evidence for the utilization of peptides for milk Protein synthesis in the lactating dairy goat in vivo[J].Am.J.PHysiol.,1996,271:R955-R960
[4]John J.Kennely等著(赵改名编译).开发改变乳成分的潜力(上)[J].国外畜牧,2001,4:45-47
[5]John J.Kennely等著(赵改名编译).开发改变乳成分的潜力(下)[J].国外畜牧,2001,5:23-27
[6]Wilks DL,Coppock CE,Brooks KN.Effects of differences in starch content of diets with whole cottonseed or rice bran on milk casein[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1991,74:1314-1320
[7]Maye CS and Doherty JG.The effect of fine grinding or sodium hydroxide treatment of wheat,offered as part of a concentrate supplement,on the performance of lactating dairy cows[J].Animal Sci.,1996,63:11-19
[8]Lykos T and Varga GA.Varying degradation rates of total nonstructural carbohydrates:Effects on nutrient uptake and utilization by the mammary gland in high producing Holstein cows[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1997,80:3356-3367
[9]Matsushime H,Ewen ME,Strom D,et al.Identification and properties of an atypical catalytic subunit for mammalian D-type G1 cyclin[J].Cell,1992,71:323-334
[10]Keday TWJ,Myane CS and Fitzpartrick DA.The effects of concentrate energy source on milk composition of lactating dairy cattle,offered grass silage.In Milk Composition[M].(Eds.R.E.Agnew,KW Agnew and AM Fedron).British Society Animal Science Occasional Publication no.25.pp.119-124
[11]Phipps KH,Sutton JD,Humphries DJ and Jones AK.A comparison of the effects of cracked wheat and sodium hydroxide-treated wheat on feed intake,milk production and rumen digestion in dairy cows given maize silage diets[J].Animal Sci.In Press,2001
[12]Castillo AR,Keberba E,Beever DE,Barbi J,Sutton JD,Kriby HC and France J.The effect of energy supplementation on nitrogen utilization in lactating dairy cows fed grass silage[J].J.Ani.Sci.,2000,79:240-246
[13]Kebreab E,Castillo AR,Beever DE,HumpHries DJ and France J.Effects of management practices prior to and during ensiling concentrate type on nitrogen utilization in dairy cows[J].J.Dariy Sci.,2000,83:1274-1285
[14]NRC.Nutrient requirement of dairy cattle seventh revised edition[M].National Academey Press,Washington,D C,2001
[15]Emery RS.Feeding for increased milk protein[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1978,61:825
[16]Sporndly E.Effects o n milk protein content,yield and composition of dietary changes in diets based on grass silage to daily cows[J].Swedish J.Agric.Res.,1989,19:107-116
[17]Metcalf J A,Crompton L A,Wray-cahen D,et al.Response in milk constituents to intrarasular administration of two miotures of amino acid to dairy cows[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1996,79:1425-1429
[18]Cunnigham KD,Cecava M J,Johnson TR,Luden PA.Influence of source and amount of dietary protein on milk yield by cows in early lactation[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1996,79:620-630
[19]Metcalf JA,Beever DE,Sutton JD,Wray-Cahen D,Evans RT,et al.The effect of supplementing protein on in vivo metabolism of the mammary gland in lactating dairy cows[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1994,77:1816-1827
[20]Wright TC,Moscardini S,Luimes PH,et al.Effects of rumen-undergradable protein and feed intake on nitrogen balance and milk protein production in dairy cows[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1998,81:784-793
[21]Bach A,Huntingotn GB.Nitrogen mebatolism of early lactation cows fed diets with two different levels of proteins and different animo acid profile[J].J.Dairy Sci.,2000,83:251-258
[22]John J.Kennely等著(赵改名编译.开发改变乳成分的潜力(下)[J].国外畜牧,2001,5:23-27
[23]祝梅香.北京荷斯坦牛乳蛋白多态性与产奶性能的相关分析[J].中国畜牧杂志,2000,36:3-6
[24]Socha,MT,Schwab CG,Putnam DE,Kierstead NA,Whitehouse NL,Garthwaite BD and Ducharme GA.Determining methionine requirements of dairy cows during midlactation by postruminally infusing incremental amounts of methionine[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1994b,77(Suppl.1):93(Abstr.)
[25]Schwab CG,Bozak CK,Whitehouse NL and Mesbah MMA.Amino acid limitation and flow to the duodenum at four stages of lactation.:Sequence of lysine and methionine limitation[J].J.Dairy Sci.1992a,75:3486-3502
[26]Rulquin HP,isulewski PM,Ve'rite' R and Guinard J.Milk Production and composition as a function of postruminal lysine and methionine supply:a nutrient-response approach[J].Livestock production Science,1993,37:69-70.
[27]Xu S,Harrsion JH,Chalupa W,Sniffen C,Julien W,Sato H,Fujieda T,Watanabe H,Ueda T and Suzuke H.Effect of ruminal bypass lysine and methionine on milk yield and composition of lactating cows[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1998,81:1062-1077
[28]王运亨、张振山.奶牛日粮中添加保护性蛋氨酸试验[J].中国奶牛,1999,3:26-28
[29]李胜利.我国奶业生产进展及提高奶牛生产性能的措施[C].北京:首届全国奶牛养殖技术研修班论文集.2000
[30]Horner JL,Coppock CE,Schelling GT,et al.Influence of niacin and whole cottonseed on intake,milk yield and composition and systemic response of dairy cow[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1986,69:3087-3095
[31]Erickson PS,Murphy MR,Clark JH.Supplementation of dairy cow diets with calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids and nicotinic acids in early lactation[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1992,75:1078-1089
[32]王俊锋,黄静等.泌乳反刍动物乳蛋白的合成机理及调控途径的研究[J].奶牛养殖,2004:24-27
[33]金国粹主译.乳牛学[M].北京:农业出版社,1986
[34]马毅,马勇江等.奶牛泌乳调控研究进展[J].甘肃畜牧兽医,2001(1):27-29
[35]Christensen HN.Role of amino acid transport and counter trans port in nutrition and metabolism[J].Physiol.Rev.,1990,70:43-77
[36]MePHam TB,Gaye P,Martin P,Mercier JC.Biosynthesis of milk proteins[J].In:Advanced Dairy Chemistry.Vol.1:Proteins1992,491-543.Oxford:Elsevier
[1]李帆,梁敬钰.王不留行的研究进展[J].海峡药学,2007,19(3):1-5
[2]徐忠银,肖浦生.王不留行的本草学研究[J].基层中药杂志,1993,17(1):26-28
[3]朱海明.刍议王不留行散[J].陕西中医,1998,19(1):39-40
[4]周晓东.广东王不留行的生药学研究[J].广东药学,1996,3:28-29
[5]肖振翔.王不留行[J].中国健康,1994,27:13-14
[6]王不留行、野豌豆、芸薹子的鉴别[J].1988,3(2):28-29
[7]周俊,付宜和.王不留行的临床新用途[J].时珍国医国药,2001,12(6):560-562
[8]田承华.广西广东习用王不留行的本草考证[J].广西中医药,1999,22(3):42-44
[9]徐炳生.中药王不留行的原植物研究[J].药学学报,1959,7(2):65-78
[10]桑圣民,夏增华,毛士龙,劳爱娜,陈仲良.中药王不留行中黄酮甙类成分的研究[J].中国中药杂志,2000,25(4):221-222
[11]桑圣民,劳爱娜,王洪诚等.中药王不留行化学成分的研究Ⅱ[J].天然产物研究与开发,1998,10(4):18-23
[12]桑圣民,劳爱娜,王洪诚等.中药王不留行化学成分的研究[J].中草药,2000,31(2):54-58
[13]张荣平,邹澄,谭宁华,周俊.王不留行环肽研究[J].云南植物研究,1998,20(1):105-112
[14]鲁静,林一星,马双成.中药王不留行中刺桐碱和异肥皂草苷分离鉴定和测定[J].药物分析杂志,1998,18(3):163-165
[15]沈尔安.下乳金疮名药王不留行[J].医药与保健,2002,10:56
[16]徐富一,金正子,申舜植.王不留行与硬叶女娄菜止痛、消炎效能的比较研究[J].河南中医学院学报,2006,21(123):31-33
[17]王成宝.王不留行散临床应用举隅[J].新中医,2007,39(5):72
[18]周贻谋.活血通经下乳良药王不留行[J].家庭医学,2006,6:59
[19]张星华.黄芪应用的历史沿革[J].江西中医药,2008,39(302):43-44
[20]付国军,康杰,王维仁.黄芪研究进展[J].中国科技信息,2007,9:175-177
[21]祝小玲.黄芪的药理学研究进展[J].四川生理学杂志,1998,20(1):25
[22]徐西.党参、黄芪对血小板聚集的临床及实验研究[J].中药药理与临床,1985,(4):32-36
[23]刘汉丹,瞿佐发.黄芪的药理作用研究进展[J].现代中西医结合杂志,2002,11(18):1862-1869
[24]耿长山.黄芪多糖对去T细胞小鼠促进抗体产生机理探讨[J].中国药理通讯,1985,2(2):14-19
[25]张向力,张丽萍,勾建元.黄芪对机体免疫系统影响的研究进展[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2001,8(3):11-14
[26]蔡瑛,黄青青.黄芪对机体免疫系统影响的研究进展[J].中国中西医结合急救杂,2000,7(6):379-380
[27]张定基.黄芪对机体免疫功能的影响[J].宁夏医学杂志,1986,8(2):90-92
[28]孔令梅.黄芪的免疫调节作用[J].内蒙古医学杂,2007,39(1):73-74
[29]许华稀,陈霞,吴亭.黄芪对高粘滞血综合征患者的血液流变性影响[J].中国疗养医学,1996,7(3):37-39
[30]王翠兰,胡英华,张蕾,苗稚莉,刘春刚,李桂芳,田春玲.黄芪注射液对冠心病患者血液流变性的影响[J].微循环学杂志,2000,10(1):50-51
[31]郭晶,齐玉,沙薇,陈方倩,王黎光.中药黄芪对D-半乳糖衰老模型大鼠血液流变性的影响[J].中国血液流变学杂志,2004,14(3):388-395
[32]艾隽,高越,杨秀斌.香丹与黄芪注射液对2型糖尿病患者血液流变性的影响[J].中国微循环,2004,8(6):404-407
[33]朱雪萍,林吉祥,王新华,唐咏华.肾衰酊、黄芪注射液对肾病终末期血液透析患者血液流变、T细胞亚群的作用[J].上海中医药杂志,2000,7:20-21
[34]李银,于晓云,刘洪涛,于晓峰.联用黄芪注射液和川芎嗪注射液对糖尿病肾病血脂血液流变性和肾功能影响的观察[J].中国中西医结合急救杂志,1999,6(12):568-571
[35]王建新,梅广林,胡卫东.黄芪在肝脏缺血-再灌注损伤中保护作用的研究[J].南通大学学报(医学版),2005,25(3):161-163
[36]王永东,周亚民,吴铁,刘晓青.黄芪和司坦唑醇复方制剂对去卵巢大鼠肝脏和子宫的影响[J].中南药学,2007,5(2):97-99
[37]郝嘉,肖颖彬,钟前进,陈林,王学锋.黄芪对氧自由基致肺损伤的保护作用[J].现代中西医结合杂志,2004,13(5):578-579
[38]王桂云,郭新民.黄芪对衰老小鼠一氧化氮、自由基及细胞凋亡的影响[J].牡丹江医学院学报,2004,25(4):14-16
[39]蒋晏.黄芪注射液在原发性肾病综合征中应用的疗效观察[J].四川医学,2008,29(2):164-165
[40]林飞进,黄金城,崔敏娴.黄芪注射液对肾病综合征患儿血生化和免疫球蛋白的影响[J].中国中西医结合肾病杂志,2008,9(1):72-74
[41]张运海等.中草药增乳剂提高奶牛产奶量初步试验[J].中兽医医药杂志,1990,(4):8-10
[42]王秋芳,欧阳五庆等.中草药添加剂对山羊泌乳性能的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,1993,24(5):385-390
[43]孙延鸣,欧阳五庆等.环腺苷酸对体外培养的山羊乳腺上皮细胞增殖的影响[J].中国兽医杂志,2002,32(2):34-36
[1]Clark AJ,Burl S,Denning C,et al.Gene targeting in livestock:a preview[J].Transgenic Res.,2000,9:263-275
[2]Pvintado B and Gutierrez-Adan A.Trans-genesis in large domestic species:future development for milk modification[J].Report.Nutr.Dev.,1999,39:535-544
[3]王庆忠,李国荣,尹昆等.乳腺生物反应器的研究现状和产业化前景[J].生命科学,2005,17(1):76-80
[4]鄂征主编.组织培养技术[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1998:3-12
[5]Ollivier-Bousquet M,Devinoy E.Physiology of lactation:old questions,new approaches[J].Livest.Prod.Sci.,2005,98:163-173
[6]Hovey RC,Trott JF,Vonderhaar BK.Establishing a framework for the functional mammary gland:from endocrinology to morphology[J].J Mammary Gland Biol.,2002,7(1):17-38
[7]Lamote I,Meyer E,Massart-Le(e|¨)n A M,et al.Sex steroids and growth factors in the regulation of mammary gland proliferation,differentiation,and involution[J].Steroids,2004,69:145-159
[8]Gibson CA,Vega JR,Baummcker CR,et al.Establishment and characterization of bovine mammary epithelial cell lines[J].In Vitro Cell Dev.Bio.,1991,27A(7):585-594
[9]Zavizion B.Establishment and characterization of a bovine mammary epithelial cell line with unique properties[J].In Vitro Cell Dev.-An,1996,32:138-148
[10]柴雨力,何德渊,张佩莉.培养人乳腺上皮细胞化学致癌过程中cerbB-2基因的研究[J].中华病理学杂志,1996,25(6):374-375
[11]陶海静,王老七.小白鼠乳腺上皮细胞的体外培养[J].郑州牧业工程高等专科学校学报,2003,23(2):81-83
[12]郑玉才.水牛乳腺上皮的体外培养[J].西南民族学院(自然科学版),1994,20(1):42-45
[13]李震,王英,刘惠莉等.牛乳腺上皮细胞的分离培养[J].上海农业学报,2000,16(3):25-28
[14]Hung TH,Gilles R.Jeffrey DT.Establishment of mammary epithelial cells(MAC-T):an in vitro model for bovine lactation[J].Exp.Cell.Res.,1991,198:191-199
[15]Boris Z,Marilyn VD,Waren S,et al.Establishment and characterization of bovine epithelial cell line unique properties in vitro cell[J].Dev.Bil.,1996,32:138-148
[16]司徒镇强,吴军正.细胞培养[M].北京:世界图书出版社,1996:97-101
[17]成令忠,钟翠平,蔡文琴.现代组织学[M].上海科学技术文献出版社,2003:127-130
[18]欧阳五庆.山羊乳腺上皮细胞培养体系的建立[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2003,31(3):30-34
[19]薛庆善主编.体外培养的原理与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:401-408
[20]程宝鸾主编.动物细胞培养技术[M].广州;华南理工大学出版社,2001:35-36
[21]Matitashvili E,Bauman DE.Culture of primary bovine mammary epithelial cells[J].In Vitro Cell Dev.Bio.,1999,35(8):431-434
[22]Talhouk RS,Neiswander RL,Schanbacher FL.Effect of substratum on growth,cell morphology and lactoferrin synthesis and secretion in bovine mammary cell culture[J].Tissue Cell,1998,30(2):226-235
[23]李向臣,任芳丽,张涌.山羊乳腺上皮细胞的分离、培养与超微结构观察[J].畜牧兽医学报,2005,36(2):121-126
[24]王孟琳,张卫华,赵宗辽等.针刺对乳腺增生大鼠乳腺细胞超微结构的影响[J].辽宁中医杂志,2007,34(9):1333-1334
[25]张月云.牛乳腺上皮细胞中β-酪蛋白的检测.新疆农业大学硕士学位论文,2004:28-31
[26]Jha R K,Titus S,Saxena D,et al.Profiling of E-cadherin,b-catenin and Ca2+ in embryo-uterine interactions at implantation[J].FEBS Lett.,2006,580:5653-5660
[27]张龙翔,张庭芳,李令媛主编.生化试验技术和方法[M].高等教育出版社,1981:21-25
[28]邹思湘,汤艾非.生化分析技术试验[M].南京农业大学动物医学院动物生理生化学科组,2003:9-13
[29]黄培堂等译.分子克隆试验指南[M].北京:科学出版社,2002,1713-1726
[30]Forsyth IA,Taylor JA,Keable S,Turvey S.Expression of amphiregulin in the sheep mammary gland[J].Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology,1997,126(1):41-48
[31]Tracey A.Martin,Gareth Watkins,Robert E.Mansel and Wen G.Jiang.Hepatocyte growth factor disrupts tight junctions in human breast cancer cells[J].Cell Biology International,2004,28(5):361-371
[32]Dale E.Synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins in bovine mammary epithelial cells[J].In vitro cell boil.Anim.,2001,37:629-632
[33]Ehmann VL,Peterson WD,Misfeldt D S.To grow mouse mammary epithelial cells in culture [J].J.Cell Bio.,1984,98:1026-1032
[34]Pantschenko AG,Yang TJ.Mitogenic responsiveness of caprine mammary epithelial cells to endocrine and cytokine factors [J]. Endocrine, 1999,10(2):123-130
[35] Burwen SJ, Pitelka D. Secretory function of lactating mouse mammary epithelial cells culture on collagen gels [J]. Exp. Cell Res., 1980,126:249-262
[36] Barcellos-Hoff MH, Aggeler J, Ram TG Functional differentiation and alveolar morphogenesis of primary mammary cultures on reconstituted basement membrane [J].Development, 1989,105:223-235
[37] Woodward TL, Xie J, Fendrick JL, et al. Proliferation of mouse mammary epithelial cells in vitro: interactions among epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor I, ovarian hormones, and extra cellular matrix proteins [J]. Endocrinology, 2000,141:3578-3586
[38] Pantschenko AG, Woodcock-Mitchell J, Bushmich SL, et al. Establishment and characterization of a caprine mammary epithelial cell line [J]. In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol .Anim.,2000,36:26-37
[39] Naoko Nukumi, Kayoko Ikeda, Megumi Osawa, et al. Regulatory function of whey acidic protein in the proliferation of mouse mammary epithelial cells in vivo and in vitro [J].Developmental Biology, 2004, 274(1): 31-34
[40] Berry SDK, Weber Nielsen MS, Sejrsen K, et al. Use of an immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T) to measure the mitogenic activity of extracts from heifer mammary tissue: effects of nutrition and ovariectomy [J]. Domestic Animal Endocrinology,2003, 25(3): 245-253
[41] Pauloin A , Delpal S, Chanat E, et al. Differently affects basal and prolactin-situlated milk protein secretion in lactating rabbit mammary epithelial cells[J]. Eur. J. Cell Bio., 1997, 72:324-336
[42] Chepko G, Smith GH. Mammary Epithelial Stem Cells: Our Current Understanding [J]. J.Mammary Gland Bio., 1999,4(1):35-52
[43] Keitaro Kitade, Toshiho Nishita, Mitsugu Yamato, et al. Expression and localization of carbonic anhydrase in bovine mammary gland and secretion in milk [J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2003,134(2):349-354
[44] Xue Y, Smedts F, Debruyne FMJ, et al. Identification of intermediate cell types by keratin expression in the developing human prostate[J]. Prostate, 1998, 34: 292-301
[45]Owens D W,Lane E B.The quest for the function of simple epithelial keratins[J].Biol.Essays,2003,25:748-758
[46]Franke W,Weber K,Osborn M,et al.Antibody to prekeratin[J].Exp.Cell Res.,1978,116:429-445
[47]Sun TT,Shih CH,Green H.Keratin cytoskeletons in epithelial cells of internal organs[J].Proc.Natl.Acad Sci.USA,1979,76:2813-2817
[48]Touria Seddiki,Serge Delpal,Alain Aubourg,et al.Endocytic prolactin routes to the secretory pathway in lactating mammary epithelial cells[J].Biology of the Cell,2002,94(3):173-185
[49]McManaman L,Hanson L,Neville MC.Lactogenic Hormones Regulate Xanthine Oxidoreductase and β-Casein Levels in Mammary Epithelial Cells by Distinct Mechanisms[J].2000,373(2):318-327
[50]Roger A.Clegg,Rachel A.Gardner,Francoise Lavialle,et al.Casein secretion in mammary tissue:tonic regulation of basal secretion by protein kinase A[J].Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology,1998,141(1):163-177
[51]Darling DC,Morgan SJ.Animal cells:culture and media[M].John Wiley and Sons,New York,1994:1457-1460
[52]Zarzynska J,Gajewska M.Effects of hormones and growth factors on TGF-betal expression in bovine mammary epithelial cells[J].J.Dairy Res.,2005,72(1):39-48
[53]Dureood BR,Iris AH,Rvobert WJ,et al.Prolactin,cotieosterone insulin and triiodothyronine effects on a-lactalbulmin production[J].Endocronology,1981,108(2):584-590
[54]Baumrucker CR,Deemer KP,et al.Primary culture of bovine mammary acini on a collagen matrix[J].Tissue and Cell,1988,20(4):541-554
[55]Katiyar VN,Enami J,Nandi S.Effect of polypeptide hormones on stimulation of casein secretion by mouse mammary epithelial cells grown on floating collagen gels[J].In Vitro,1978,14:771-774
[56]Delabarre S,Claudon C and Laurent F.Influence of several extracellular matrix components in primary cultures of bovine mammary epithelial cells[J].Tissue and Cell,1997,29(1):99-106
[57]Elizabeth D.Hay.Extracellular matrix alters epithelial differentiation[J].Current Opinion in Cell Biology,1993,5(6):1029-1035
[1]郑月茂,安志兴,彭新荣,张涌.山羊乳腺上皮细胞的生长特性[J].中国兽医学报(自然科学版),2007,27(3):403-407
[2]陈寒柏,左嘉客.细胞周期蛋白和细胞周期[J].细胞生物学杂志,1993,15(2):61-64
[3]Danicl CW and Silberstein GB.The mammary gland development regulation and function[J].New York,Plenum press,1987,pp3-36
[4]Haslam SZ and Counterman LJ.Mammary stroma modulates hormonal responsiveness of mammary epithelium in vitro in the mouse[J].Endocrinology,1991,129:2017-2023
[5]Pantschenko AG and Yang TJ.Mitogenic responsiveness of caprine mammary epithelial cells to endocrine and cytokine factors[J].Endocrine,1999,10(2):123-130
[6]葛长荣,曹正辉,苏子峰.天然植物提取物在动物生产中的应用及研究[J].饲料研究,2005(6):21-24
[7]祝小玲,祝彼得.黄芪注射液对小鼠骨髓细胞增殖周期的影响[J].中药材,2000,10(23):625-627
[8]阴建国.cAMP和cGMP的拮抗代谢调节与中医“阴阳”的关系[J].陕西中医学院学报,1987(1):21-24
[9]吴建新,蒋莹,严永清.黄芪、当归及其配伍对大鼠血小板聚集和血小板中cAMP、cGMP的影响[J].中药药理与临床,1992,8(1):16-22
[10]潘文军,李忠义.人参花皂苷对小鼠心肌细胞cAMP和cGMP含量的影响[J].沈阳医学院学报,1991,8(3):200-203
[11]付秀花,王恬.中草药对奶牛乳房炎病原菌的体外抑菌试验[J].动物科学与动物医学,2002,19(5):16-18
[12]丁月云,李茜,王恬.21种中药对奶牛乳房炎3种病原菌的体外抑菌试[J].畜牧与兽医,2004,36(12):5-8
[13]程宝鸾.动物细胞培养技术[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,2000,131-132
[14]薛庆善.体外培养的原理与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2001,201-202
[15]徐幸莲.分子生物学检验技术[M].北京:人民出版社,2003,48-50
[16]畛永唐,贲昆龙.测定细胞存活和增殖的MTT方法的建立[J].免疫学杂志,1992,8(4):266
[17]张宁,刘世巍,韩凤岳等.补肾活血中药对体外培养成骨细胞增殖的影响[J].中国骨伤,2004,17(11):40-42
[18]叶媚娜,陈红风.温肾中药对原代培养正常人乳腺上皮细胞增殖的影响[J].中西医结合学报,2006,4(4):397-401
[19]樊粤光,梁笃,刘建仁等.中药M对兔内皮细胞增殖影响的初步研究[J].中国试验动物学报,2003,11(3):181-183
[20]郭昭庆,党耕町,王志国.氟化钠及续断组分对成骨细胞增殖的影响[J].中华骨科杂志,1998,2(18):84-87
[21]李悦山,张建龙,薛垒.黄芪与当归对人脐静脉内皮细胞增殖及VEGF表达的影响[J].新疆医科大学学报,2005,28(3):224-227
[22]张团笑,牛采琴,秦晓民.王不留行对家兔离体主动脉环张力的影响及其机制[J].中药药理与临床,2004,20(4):28-29
[23]吕文科,沈骅睿,胡晓梅.漏芦黄酮对成骨细胞的体外毒性试验研究[J].中国中医骨伤科杂志,2006,14(1):42-44
[24]司徒镇强,吴军正.细胞培养[M].西安:世界图书出版西安公司.,1996,128-131
[25]Freshney RI,Pragnell IB,Freshney MG.Culture of epithelial cells[J].Second edition.New York: Wiley-Liss,2002,207-211
[26]Huynh HT,Robitaille G.Establishment of bovine mammary epithelial cell lines(MAC-T):an in vitro model for bovine lactation[J].Exp.Cell Res.,1991,197:191-198
[27]Boris Z,Marilyn VD,Waren S,et al.Establishment and characterization of bovine mammary myoepithelial cell line[J].In Vitro Cell.,1996,32:138-148
[28]刘苹,李平,熊仁平,周元国.MTF法与BrdU EIASA法检测成纤维细胞增殖的可靠性比较[J].第三军医大学学报,2006,28(11):1262-1266
[29]张均田主编.现代药理试验方法[M].北京:北京医科大学(协和医科大学)出版社.,1997,1133-1137
[30]Denizot F,Lang R.Rapid colorimetdc assay for cell growth and surrvial:Modifications to the tetrazolium dye procedure giving improved sensitivity and reliability[J].J.Immunol Methods,1986,89(2):271-277
[31]Twenty man PR,Luscombe M.A study of some variables in a tetrazolium dye(MTT) bassed assay for cell growth and chemosensitxity[J].BRJ Cancer,1987,56(3):279-285
[32]Wildeman B,Schmidmaier G,Ordel S,et al.Cell proliferation and differentiation during fracture healing are influenced by locally applied IGF-I and TGF-beta1:compositon of two proliferation markers,PCNA and BrdU[J].J.Biomed Mater Res.B Appl.Biomater,2003,65(1):150-156
[33]Mosmann T.Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival[J].J.Immuno.Methods,1983,65(1):55-63
[34]Tade H,Shiho O,Kuroshima KI,et al.An improved colorimetric assay for interleukin-2[J].J.Immunol.Methods,1986,93(2):157-165
[35]周思朗,屈艳妮,张健,汪森明,张积仁.SRB法与MTT法细胞计数应用比较[J].中国现代医学杂志,2005,15(17):2615-2618
[36]赵嘉惠,张华屏,王春芳.MTT法在检测细胞增殖方面的探讨[J].山西医科大学学报,2007,38(3):262-264
[37]方蓉,李芳秋,武建国.MTT比色法的条件探讨[J].临床检验杂志,2003,21(1):34-37
[38]Raafat AM,Hofseth LJ,Haslam SZ.Proliferative effects of combination estrogen and progesterone replacement therapy on the normal postmenopausal mammary gland in a murine model[J].Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol.,2001,184(3):340-349
[39]Persson I,Thurfjell E,Holmberg L.Effect of estrogen and estrogen-progestin replacement regimens on mammographic breast parenchymal density[J].J.Clin.Oncol.,1997,15(10):3201-3207
[40]Greendale GA,Reboussin BA,Sie A,et al.Effects of estrogen and estrogen-progestin on mammographic parenchymal density.Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions(PEPI) Investigators[J].Ann.Intern.Med.,1999,130(4 Pt 1):262-269
[41]Hiroshi Morita,Young Sook Yun,Koichi Takeya and Hideji Itokawa.Segetalin A,a new cyclic hexapeptide from vaccaria segetalis[J].Tetrahedron letters,1994,51(35):9593-9596
[42]Morita H,Yun YS,Takeya K,Itokawa,Yamada K.Segetalins B,C and D,three new cyclic peptides from Vaccaria segetalis[J].Tetrahedron letters,1995,51(21):6003-6014
[43]Tucker HA.Physiological control of mammary growth lactogensis and lactation[J].Dairy Sci.,1981,64:1403-1421
[44]汪玉松,邹思湘主编.乳生物化学[M].吉林:吉林大学出版社,1995,128-142
[45]孙延鸣,欧阳五庆等.环腺苷酸对体外培养的山羊乳腺上皮细胞增殖的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医杂志,2002,32(2):34-37
[46]吴发宝,陈希元.黄芪药理作用研究综述[J].中药材,2004,27(3):232-234
[47]郭瑞霞,魏丽惠.17β-雌二醇对子宫内膜癌细胞磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B信号传导通路的激活作用[J].中华妇产科杂志,2004,39(7):469
[48]Kurzer MS.Hormonal effects of soy isoflavones studies in premenopausal and post menopausal women[J].J.Nutr.,2000,130(3):660
[49]王海彬,王军舰,黄辉等.黄芪注射液对雌激素受体的激活作用研究[J].时珍国医国药,2006,17(11):2113-2115
[50]王振刚.环核苷酸的研究近况[J].国外医学中药分册,1981,(2):1-6
[51]Goldbery ND,Mellon PL,Clegg CH,et al.Advance in cyclic nucleotide research[J].J.Bio.Chem.,1973,(3):155
[52]韩剑众,葛长荣,高士争,田允波.中草药添加剂对仔猪cAMP/cGMP及免疫功能的影响[J].云南农业大学学报,2002,17(1):71-74
[53]欧阳五庆,王秋芳.中草药增乳添加剂对奶山羊泌乳性能的影响[J].西北农业学报,1994,3(2):41-44
[54]郑广华.环核苷酸与临床[M].天津科学技术出版社,1985,169-172
[55]刘正才等.中医免疫[M].重庆出版社,1983,50-55
[1]Radnor CJO.Myoepithelial cell differentiation in rat mammary glands[J].J.Anat,1972,281:413-419
[2]Razin A,Riggs AD.DNA methylation and gene function[J].Science,1980,210:604-609
[3]Darbre P,Yates J,Curtis S,et al.Effect of estradiol on human breast cancer cells in culture[J].Cancer Res.,1983,43:349-353
[4]Hurley WL.Mammary gland function during involution[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1989,72(6):1637-1646
[5]Van Eijk HG,de Jong G.The physiology of iron,transferring and ferritin[J].Trace Elem..Res.,1992,35:13-24
[6]陈寒柏,左嘉客.细胞周期蛋白和细胞周期[J].细胞生物学杂志,1993,15(2):61-65
[7]Masuda M,Hirakawa N,Nakasshima T,et al.CyclinD1 overexpression in primary hypopharyngeal carcinoma[J].Cancer,1996,78(7):390-395
[8]Polyak K,Kato JY,Solomon MJ,et al.p27~(Kip1),a cyclin-Cdk inhibitor,links transforming growth factor-beta and contact inhibition to cell cycle arrest[J].Genes Dev.,1994,8(1):9-22
[9]吴岩,祝彼得.当归补血汤对内皮细胞增殖和黏附分子表达的影响[J].华西医科大学学报,2001,32(4):593
[10]雷燕,高倩,李悦山等.黄芪、当归及其组方促血管内皮细胞增殖作用的研究[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2003,23(10):753-756
[11]王书奎,周振英主编.实用流式细胞术彩色图谱[M].上海:第二军医大学出版社,2004:16-33
[12]Yasui W,Kudo Y,Semba S,et al.Reduced expression of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p27 is associated with advanced stage and invasiveness of gastric carcinomas[J].Jpn.J.Cancer Res.,1997,88(7):625-629
[13]Han EK,Begemann M,Sgambato A,et al.Increased expression of CyclinD1 in a murine mammary epithelial cell line induces p27kip1,inhibits growth,and enhances apoptosis[J].Cell Growth Differ.,1996,7(6):699-710
[14]Yao J,Eu KW,Seow choen F,et al.Down regulation of p27 is a significant predictor of poor overall survival and may facilitate metastasis in colorectal carcinomas[J].Int.J.Cancer,2000,89(3):2131-2133
[15]徐小冬.细胞周期蛋白p27和CyclinD1在胃癌中的表达及其临床意义[J].杭州师范学院学报(医学版),2006,4:238-242
[16]Fang F,Oehlen B,Cross F R,et al.Dependence of cyclin-Cdk2 kinase activity on cell anchorage[J].Science,1996,271:499-502.
[17]Dej KJ,Parker SB,Eichele G,et al.The endocycle controls nurse cell polytene chromsome structure during drosophila oogenesis[J].Development,1999,126:293-303
[18]袁碧波,张士伟.细胞增殖周期各类调控因子研究进展[J].国外医学妇产科分册,1998,25(2):75-77
[19]Hirama T,Koeffler HP.Role of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor in the development of cancer [J].Blood,1995,86(3):841-854
[20]Matsushime H,Quelle DE,Shurtleff SA,et al.D-type cyclin-dependent kinase activity in mammalian cells[J].Mol.Cell Biol.,1994,14:2066-2076
[21]Zukerberg LR,Yang W,Arnold A,et al.Cyclin D1 expression in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas[J].Am.J.Clin.Pathol.,1995,103:756-760
[22]His ED,et al.CyclinD1/PRAD1 expression in parathyroid adenpmas:an immunohistochemical study[J].J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.,1996,81(5):1736-1739
[23]Cardoso MC.,Leonhardt H.,and Nadal-Ginard B.Reversal of terminal differentiation and control of DNA replication:cyclin A and Cdk2 specifically localize at subnuclear sites of DNA replication [J].Cell,1993,74,979-992
[24]Meyerson M and Hadow E.Identification of GI Kinase Activity for cdk6,A Novel Cyclin D Partner [J].Mol.Cell.Biol.,1994,14:2077-2086
[25]King RW,Jackson PK,Kirschner MW,et al.Mitosis in transition[J].Cell,1994,79:563-571
[26]Zhou P et al.Antisense to cyclinD1 inhibits growth and reverses the transformed phenotype of eosphagal cancer cells[J].Oncogene,1995,11:571-580
[27]Arber N,Hibshoosh H,Moss SF,et al.Increased expression of cyclinD1 is an early event in multistage colorectal carcinogenesis[J].Gastroenterology,1996,110:669-674
[28]Hunter T,Pines J.Cyclins and cancer Ⅱ:cyclin D and CDK inhibitor come of age[J].Cell,1994,79:573-582
[29]Nakagawa H,Zukerberg L,Togawa K,et al.Human cyclinD1 on cogene and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma[J].Cancer,1995,76(4):541-549
[30]Lee et al.Inactivation of the Retinoblastoma Susceptibility Gene in Human Breast Cancers[J].Science 1988,241:218-221
[31]LaBaer J,Garret MD,Stevenson LF,et al.New functional activities fosr the p21 family of CDK inhibitors[J].Genes Dev.,1997,11:847-862.
[32]Cheng M,Olivier P,Diehl A,et al.The p21cip1and p27kip1 CDK'inhibitor'are essential activators of CyclinD-dependent kinaese in murine fibroblasts[J].EMBO J.,1999,18:1571-1583
[33]Rivard N,L'Allemain G,Bartek J,et al.Arogation of p27~(kip1) by cDNA antisense suppresses quiescence(GO state) in fibroblasts[J].J.Biol.Chem.,1996,271(31):18337-18341
[34]Reynisdottir J,Polyak K,Iavarone A,et al.Kip/Cip and Ink4 Cdk inhibitors cooperate to reduced cell cycle arrest in response to TGF-β[J].Genes Dev.,1995,9:1831-1845
[35]Sherr C,Roberts JM.Positive and negative regulation by CDK inhibitors[J].Genes Dev.,1999,13:1501-1512
[36]Nguyen H,Gitig DM,Koff A.Cell-free degradation of p27,a G1 cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitor,is dependent on CDK2 activity and the proteasome[J].Mol.Cell Biol.,1999,19:1190-1201
[37]Shupnik MA,Pitt LK,Soh AY et al.Selective expression of estrogen receptor alpha and beta isoform in human pituitary tumor[J].J.Clin.Endocrinal metab.,1998,83(11):3965-3972
[38]Umekita Y,Ohi Y,Sagara Y,et al.Overexpression of CyclinD1 predicts for poor prognosis in estrogen receptor-negative breast patients[J].Int.J.Cancer,2002,98:415-418
[39]Geum D,Sun W,Paik SK,et al.Estrogen-induced CyclinD1 and D3 gene expressions during mouse uterin cell proliferation in vivo:differential induction mechanism of CyclinD1 and D3[J].Mol.Reprod Dev.,1997,46:450-458
[40]宋英娜,郎景和.子宫内膜癌的卫星不稳定性与临床病理和雌激素受体水平的关系[J].中华妇产科杂志,2000,25(5):273-276
[41]Hiroshi Morita,Young Sook Yun,Koichi Takeya and Hideji Itokawa.Segetalin A,a new cyclic hexapeptide from vaccaria segetalis.[J].Tetrahedron letters,1994,51(35):9593-9596
[42]Morita H,Yun YS,Takeya K,Itokawa H.,Yamada K.Segetalins B,C and D,Three Hew Cyclic Peptides from Vaccaria segetalis[J].Tetrahedron letters,1995,51(21):6003-6014
[43]吴发宝,陈希元.黄芪药理作用研究综述[J].中药材,2004,27(3):232-234
[44]郭瑞霞,魏丽惠.17β-雌二醇对子宫内膜癌细胞磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B信号传导通路的激活作用[J].中华妇产科杂志,2004,39(7):469
[1]夏伦志,李吕木,吴东.中草药饲料添加剂对奶牛泌乳性能的影响研究[J].中国草食动物,2003,23(2):14-16
[2]闫素梅,乔良,宋丽华.中草药添加剂对奶牛产奶性能及牛奶体细胞数的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2005,37(6):17-19
[3]孙德成,王旭东,王辉,王革命.天然植物中草药添加剂对奶牛生产性能的影响[J].内蒙古民族大学学报(自然科学版),2005,20(5):533-536
[4]王加启.牛奶成分的合成机理、影响因素和营养途径的调控[J].草食家畜,1994,04:59-62
[5]欧阳五庆主编.动物生理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2006,383-392
[6]周鼎年.营养对牛奶成分的影响[J].中国奶牛,2001,05:52-54
[7]王孟琳,张卫华,赵宗辽等.针刺对乳腺增生大鼠乳腺细胞超微结构的影响[J].辽宁中医杂志,2007,34(9):1333-1334
[8]宋敏,苏若萍,高英贤,宋继谒.乳腺导管非典型增生上皮细胞的超微结构研究[J].中国医科大学学报,2001,30(5):331-336
[9]Tsuchiya S.Electron microscopic studies on human breast-evaluation of tumor cells forming intracytoplasmic lumina[J].J.Chin.Electron Micros.,1980,13:7-12
[10]Wesland JM.Diagnostic problems in breast pathology:the benefit of ultrastructural and immunocytochemical analysis[J].Ultrastruct.Pathol.,1987,11:293-297
[11]Sobrinho-Simoes M.The diagnostic significance of intracytoplasmic lumina in metastastic neoplasma[J].Ultrastruct.Pathol.,1981,2:327-331.
[12]曹正国,李成章,刘小平,吴献群.中草药黄芩苷对人牙周膜细胞增殖和总蛋白含量的影响[J].口腔医学研究,2003,19(1):10-12
[13]邸美仙,李应东,刘凯.当归注射液对血管紧张素Ⅱ致乳鼠心肌细胞肥大的影响[J].中医药信息,2007,24(2):51-52
[14]闫萍,牛勃,张悦红.蚯蚓提取物中蛋白质含量测定方法的研究[J].中国生化药物研究,2007,28(1):27-29
[15]Bradford MM.A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram of protein utilizing the principle of protein dye binding[J].Anal.Biochem.,1976,72:248-254
[16]汪家政,范明.蛋白质技术手册[M].北京:科学出版社,2000:42-47
[17]Chor SY,Hui AY,To KF,Chan KK,et al.Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of herbal medicine on hepatic stellate cell[J].Journal of ethnopharmacology,2005,100:180-186
[18]Gong W,Pecci A,Roth S,Lahme B,Beato M,et al.Transformation -dependent susceptibility of rat hepatic stellate cells to apoptosis induced by soluble Fas ligand[J].Hepatology,1998,28:492-502
[19]常碧影,梁冬生,阎惠文,左江湾.氨基酸分析技术的研究进展[J].分析化学,1993,21(10):1220-1227
[20]伍红,黄友鹰,陈炼红,艾敏.牦牛及犏牛奶蛋白质和氨基酸含量分析[J].西南民族学院学报(自然科学版),1997,23(2):162-164
[21]苏天运,王梅英,王仲文,王民路.中华按蚊与淡色库蚊血淋巴游离氨基酸分析[J].动物学报,1993,39(2):219-221
[22]Gibson CA,Vega JR,Baumrucker CR,et al.Establishment and characterization of bovine mammary epithelial cell lines[J].In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology,1991,27A(7):585-594
[23]Heegard CE,Wllite JH,Zavizion B,Thmer JD and Politis I.Production of various forms of Plasminogen activator and Plasminogen activator inhibitor by cultured mammary epithelial cells[J].Dairy Sci.,1994,77:2949-2958
[24]Emerman JT,Enami J,Pitelka DR,Nandi S.Hormonal effects on intracellular and secreted casein in cultures of mouse mammary epithelial cells on floating collagen membranes[J].Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,1977,74(10):4466-4470
[25]Goodman GT,Akers RM,Friderici KH,Tucker HA.Hormonal regulation of alpha-lactalbumin secretion from bovine mammary tissue cultured in vitro[J].Endocrinology,1983,112(4):1324-1330
[26]Pauloin A,Delpal S,Chanat E,et al.Differently affects basal and prolactin-situlated milk protein secretion in lactating rabbit mammary epithelial cells[J].European Journal of Cell Biology,1997,72:324-336
[27]Boris Z,Marilyn VD,Waren S,et al.Establishment and charaeterization of bovine mammary epithelial cell line unique properties in vitro cell[J].J.Dev.Bioi.,1996,32:138-148
[28]Bullock LP,Barthe PZ,Mowazowicz I,Orth DN,Bardin W.The effects of progestins on submaxillary gland epidermal growth factor,demonstration of androgenic,synandrogienic and antiandrogenic actions[J].Endocrinology,1975,97:189
[29]Talhouk RS,Neiswander RL,Schanbacher FL.Morphological and functional differentiation of cryopreserved lactating bovine mammary cells cultured on floating collagen gels[J].Tissue Cell,1993,25(6):799-816
[30]Shannon JM,Pitelka DR.The influence of cell shape on the induction of functional differentiation in mouse mammary cells in vitro[J].In Vitro,1981,17(11):1016-1028
[31]Sasaki T,Enami J.Hormone-dependent expression of gamma-casein mRNA in mouse mammary epithelial cells cultured on floating collagen gels[J].Zool Sci.,1996,13(4):587-591
[32]Lamote I,Meyer E,Massart-Le"en AM,et al.Sex steroids an growth factors in the regulation of mammary gland proliferation differentiation,and involution[J].Steroids,2004,69:145-159
[33]Di HS(狄和双),Du J(杜娟),Wang LG(王利刚),et al.Comparative study on in vitro stationary culture systemor superfusion culture system of cow mammary tissue[J].Chinese Journal of Biotechnology(生物工程学报),2006,22(6):1040-1046
[34]Chepko G,Smith GH.Mammary epithelial stem cells:our current understanding[J].Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia,1999,4(1):35-52
[35]Ebner KE,Hoover CR,Hageman EC,Larson BL.Cultivation and properties of bovine mammary cell cultures[J].Exp.Cell Res.,1961,23:373-385
[36]Ahn JY,Aoki N,Adachi T,Mizuno Y,Nakamura R,Matsuda T.Isolation and culture of bovine mammary epithelial cells and establishment of gene transfection conditions in the cell[J].Biosci.Biotechnol Biochem.,1995,59(1):59-64
[37]Hovey RC,Trott JF,Vonderhaar BK.Establishing a framework for the functional mammary gland:from endocrinology to morphology[J].Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia,2002,7(1):17-38
[38]陆东林,张丹凤,刘新丽.牛奶中的氨基酸含量及其营养价值[J].新疆畜牧业,2001,4:12-14
[39]颜贻谦,顾锦法、周振华.牛初乳提取物“乳珍”的氨基酸分析[J].氨基酸杂志,1989,4:35-36
[40]史清河.奶牛氨基酸营养与乳蛋白含量和产量的关系[J].中国饲料,2000,8:16-18
[41]王小龙,杨章平,武秀香,尹召华,吴旭.荷斯坦奶牛体型线性评定与其产奶量、乳脂率及乳蛋白的相关性分析[J].遗传育种,2007,43(5):6-8
[42]Mercier JC,Gaye P.Early events in secretion of main milk proteins:occurrence of precursors[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1982,65:299-316
[43]Bequette BJ,Backwell FRC,Dhanoa MS,Walker A,Calder AG,et al.Kinetics of blood free and milk casein-amino acid labeling in the dairy goat at two stages of lactation[J].Br.J.Nutr.,1994,72(2):211-220
[44]Bequette BJ,Backwell FRC,Calder JA,Metealf DE,Beever JC,MacRae GE.Application of a U-13C-labeled amino acid tracer lactating dairy goats for simultaneous measurements of the flux of amino acids in plasma and the partition of amino acid to the mammary gland[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1997,80(11):2842-2853
[45]David J.Sehingoeth.Balancing the amino acid needs of the dairy cow[J].Animal Feed Scienee Technology,1996,60:153-160
[46]Hanigan MD,Calvert CC,DePeters EJ,Reis BL,Baldwin RL.Whole blood and Plasma amino acid uptakes by lactating bovine mammary glands[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1991,74:2484-2490
[47]Erdmann B,and Breter H.Irregular distribution of mammary-derived growth inhibitor in the bovine mammary epithelium[J].Cezz Tissue Res.,1993,272:383-389
[48]Robinson PH,Chalupa W,Sniffen CJ,Julien WE,Sato H,Fujieda T,Watanbe K,Suzuki H.Influence of postruminal supplementation of methionine and lysine,isoleucine,or all three amino acids on intake and chewing behavior,ruminal fermentation,and milk and milk component production[J].J.Anim.Sci.,1999,77(10):2781-2792
[49]Xu S,Harrison JH,Chalupa W,Sniffen C,Julien W,Sato H,Fujieda T,Watanabe K,Ueda T,Suzeki H.The effect of ruminal bypass lysine and methionine on milk yield and composition of lactating cows[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1998,81(4):1062-1077
[50]Nichols JR,Schigoethe DJ,Maiga HA,Brouk MJ and piepenbrink MS.Evaluation of corn distillers and ruminally protected lysine and methionine for lactating dairy cows[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1998,81:482-491
[51]Zhao XJ.Establishment of an in vitro culture system of mammary glands from lactating cows and effects of methionine on the gene expression of asl-casein[D].Master thesis,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou.Zhejiang,2004
[52]杨金勇,吴跃明,刘建新.蛋氨酸和蛋氨酸二肽对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞酪蛋白a_(sl)基因表达的影响[J].农业生物技术,2007,15(1):24-27
[53]Wu DM,Wanda L Keller and Chung S Park.Lipotropes alter casein gene expression in bovine mammary acinar culture [J]. Journal of Nutrition Biochemistry, 1999,10:455-457
[54] Bequette BJ,Bacwell FRC, Kyle CE, Calder AG, Buchan V, et al. Vascular sources of phenylalanino, tyrosine ,lysine, and methionine for casein synthesis in lactating goats[J]. J. Dairy Sci., 1999,82: 362-377
[55] Mackle TR, Dwyer DA, Ingvartsen KL, Chouinard PY, Ross DA. Evaluation of whole blood and plsma in the interorgan supply of free amino acids for the mammary gland of lactating dairy cows[J]. J. Dairy Sci., 2000, 83:1300-1309
[56] Haniganw MD, Cromptonz L A, Bequette BJ. Modelling mammary metablolism in the dairy cow to predict milk constituent yield, with emphasis on amino acid metabolism and milk protein production: model evaluation [J]. J. Theor. Biol.,2002, 217(3):311-330
[57] Jackson SC, Bryson JM, Wang H, Hurley WL. Cellular uptake of valine by lactating porcine mammary tissue[J]. J. Anim. Sci., 2000, 78(11): 2927-2932
[58] Pan Y, Bender PK, Akers RM, Webb KE. Methionine-containing peptides can be used as methionine sources for protein accretion in cultured C2C12 and MAC-T cells[J]. J. Nutr., 1996,126(1): 38-46
[59] Jensen J, et al. The composition of milk fat [J]. J. Dairy Sci., 1991, 74: 3228-3243
[60] Wilks DL, Coppock CE, Brooks KN. Effects of differences in starch content of diets with whole cottonseed or rice bran on milk casein [J]. J. Dairy Sci., 1991,1314-1320
[61] Aston K, Thomas C, Daley SR a/ Sutton JD. Milk production from grass silage diets: Effects of compositon of supplementary concentrates [J]. Animal Prod., 1994, 59: 335-344
[62] Smoler E, Beever DE, Lomax MA, Humphries DJ , Perrot G, Waters J. The effect of changing the carbohydrate composition of the concentrate component of the diet of grass silage fed cows on milk yield and composition [J]. Animal Sci., 1995, 50:556-560
[63] Hanigan MD, Cant JP, Weakley DC, Beckett JL. An evaluation of postabsorptive protein and amino acid metabolism in the lactating dairy cow [J]. J. Dairy Sci., 1998, 81(12):3385-3401
[64] 金国粹主译.乳牛学[M]. 农业出版社, 1986: 160-167
[1]秦宜德,邹思湘.乳蛋白的主要组分及其研究现状[J].生物学杂志,2003,20(2):5-7
[2]李小晖.牛乳中酪蛋白的结构特性及其应用[J].食品工业,2002,1:29-31
[3]Doppler W,et al.Prolactin and glucocorticoid hormones control transcription of the β-casein gene by kinetically distinct mechanism[J].Mol.Endocrinol,1990,4:912-920
[4]Meadle H,Gates L,Lacy E,et al.Bovine a_(sl)-casein gene sequences direct high level expression of active human urokinase in mouse milk[J].Bio.Technology,1990,8:443-452
[5]Schmitt-Ney M,Doppler W,Ball R K,et al.β-casein gene promoter activity is regulated by the hormone-mediated relief of transcriptional repression and a mammary-gland-specific nuclear factor [J].Mol.Cell Biol.,1991,11:3745-3753
[6]Levay PF,Viljoen M.Lactoferrin:a general review[J].Haematologica,1995,80(3):252-267
[7]唐传核,曹劲松,潘彬全,彭志英.乳铁蛋白最新研究进展[J].中国乳品工业,2000,28(3):14-17
[8]Beljaars L,Wiegmans FC,Harmsen MC,et al.Inhibition of cytomegalovirus infection by lactoferrin in vitro and in vivo[J].Antiviral Res.,2004,63(3):197-208
[9]van Berkel PH,Welling MM,Geerts M,et al.Large scale production of recombinant human lactoferrin in the milk of transgenic cows[J].Nat.Biotechnol,2002,(20):484-487
[10]Xiao Y,Monitto CL,Khalid M,et al.Lactoferrin downregulates Clcyclin-dependent kinases during growth arrest of head and neck cancer cells[J].Clin.Cancer Res.,2004,10(24):8683-8686
[11]朱水芳主编.实时荧光聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测技术[M].北京:中国计量出版社,2003:44-50
[12]金冬雁,黍孟枫编译.分子克隆试验指南[M].(第2版)北京:科学出版社,1992:366-367
[13]Schmitz S,Pfaffl MW,Meyer HHD,Bruckmaier RM.Short-term changes of mRNA expression of various inflammatory factors and milk proteins in mammary tissue during LPS-induced mastitis[J].Domestic.Animal Endocrinology,2004,26:111-126
[14]Pfaffl MW,Wittmann SL,Meyer HHD,and Bruckmaier RM.Gene expression of immunologically important factors in blood cells,milk cells,and mammary tissue of cows[J].J.Dairy Sci.,2003,86:538-545
[15]Kenneth J.Livak and Thomas D.Schmittgen.Analysis of relative gene expression data using Real-Time quantitative PCR and the 2~(-△△CT) method[J].Method,2001,25:402-408
[16]Sarict,Shain SA.Semi-quantitative RT-PCR enhancement of assay accuracy and reproducibility[J].Biotechniques,1997,1:630-634,636
[17]林成招,张彦明,邹思湘,陈伟华.牛乳铁蛋白酶联免疫吸附分析方法(ELISA)的建立[J].中国乳品工业,2003,31(4):44-47
[18]张月云.牛乳腺上皮细胞中β-酪蛋白的检测[D].新疆农业大学硕士学位论文,2004,17-23
[19]张涛,庞广昌.酶联免疫快速测定原料乳中κ-酪蛋白含量[J].食品工业科技,2006,27(11):179-181
[20]卢蓉蓉,孙震,许时英等.乳铁蛋白的免疫化学分析法-酶联免疫吸附测定法[J].食品科学,2002,23(4):102-104
[21]焦奎,张书圣主编.酶联免疫分析技术及应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004:74-80
[22]杨利国等编著.酶免疫测定技术[M].南京:南京大学出版社,1998:221-234
[23]Rejman JJ,Hurley WL,Barhr JM.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of bovine lactoferrin and a 39-kilodahon protein found in mammary secretion during involution[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1989,72:555-560
[24]Tsuda H,Sekine K,Ushida Y,et al.Milk and dairy products in cancer,prevention:focus on bovine lactoferrin[J].Mulal Res.,2000,462(2-3):227-233
[25]Katrina EG,Bert B,Rachel S C,et al.A novel cell culture model for studying differentiation and apoptosis in the mouse mammary gland[J].Breast Cancer Res.,2000,2(3):222-235
[26]Wheeler TT,Callaghan MR,Davis SR,et al.Milk protein synthesis,gene expression,and hormonal responsiveness in primary cultures of mammary cells from lactating sheep[J].Exp.Cell Res.,1995,217(2):346-354
[27]Huynh HT,Robitaille G,Tuner JD.Establishment of bovine mammary epithelial cells(MAC-T):an in vitro model for bovine lactation[J].Exp.Cell Res.,1991,197(2):191-199
[28]D.L.柏奇等著,金国粹等译.乳牛学[M].北京:农业出版社,1988:223-232
[29]周顺伍主编.动物生物化学[M].中国农业出版社,1999:213-220
[30]李健,李庆章.小鼠乳腺发育、泌乳和退化的组织形态学(Ⅱ)-超微组织形态学变化和β-酪蛋白分泌[J].东北农业大学学报,2007,38(3):374-379
[31]Vorherr H.The breast:Morphology,physiology and lactation[M].New York,Academic Press,1974
[32]Gary BS.Postnatal mammary gland morhpogenesis[J].Microsc.Res.Tech.,2001,52:155-162
[33]Mepham TB and Linzell JL.A quantitative assessment of the contribution of individual plasma amino acids to the synthesis of milk proteins by the goat mammary gland[J].J.Biochem.,1966,101:76-83
[34]Mepham TB and Linzell JL.Effects of intramammary arterial infusion of nonessential amino acids and glucose in the lactating goat[J].J.Dairy Res.,1974,41:111
[35]Davis SR,Bickerstaffe R and Hart DS.Amino acids uptake by the mammary gland of the lactation ewe[J].Aust.J.Biol.Sci.,1978,31:123-132
[36]Madsen TG,Nielsen L,Nielsen M O.Mammary uptake of amino acids in response to dietary supple mentation of rumen protected lysine and methionine in early lactating dairy goats[J].J.Dairy Sci.,2003,81:70-74
[37]Bequtte BJ,Backwell FRC,et al.Application of a U-carbon-13-labelled amino acid tracer in lactating dairy goats for simultaneous measurements of the flux of amino acids in plasma and the partition of amino acids to the mammary gland[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1997,80:2842-2853
[38]祝小玲,祝彼得.黄芪注射液对小鼠骨髓细胞增殖周期的影响[J].中药材,2000,10(23):625-627
[39]吴建新,蒋莹,严永清.黄芪、当归及其配伍对大鼠血小板聚集和血小板中cAMP、cGMP 的影响[J].中药药理与临床,1992,8(1):16-22
[40]葛长荣,曹正辉,苏子峰.天然植物提取物在动物生产中的应用及研究[J].饲料研究,2005(6):21-24
[2] Evans MJ and Kaufman M. Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos[J].Nature, 1981,292:151-156
[3] Evans T and Resenthal E. Cyclin:a protein specified by maternal mRNA in sea urchin eggs that is destroyed at each cleavage division [J].Cell,1983,33:389-396
[4] Labbe JC, Picard A, et al. Purification of MPF from starfish:identification as the Hlhistone kinase p34~(cdc2) and a possible mechanism for its periodic activation [JJ.Cell,1989,57:253-263
[5] Buehring GC. Culture of human mammary epithelial cells:keeping abreast with a new method [J]. J.Natl. Cancer Inst., 1972, 49(5):1433-1434
[6] Stampfer M, Hallowes RC, Hackett AJ. Growth of normal human mammary cells in culture [J]. In Vitro,1980,16(5):415-425
[7] Danielson KG, Obom CJ, Durban EM. Epithelial mouse mammary cell line exhibiting normal morpHogenesis in vivo and functional differentiation in vitro [J]. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,1984,81(12):3756-3760
[8] Cifrian E, Guidry AJ, O'Brien CN, Keys JE and Marquardt WW. Bovine mammary teat and ductal epithelial cell cultures [J]. Am.J Vet.Res.,1994,55: 239-246
[9]Cifrian E, Guidry AJ.O'Brien CN, Nickerson SC and Marquardt WW. Adherence of Strphylococcus aureus to cultured bovine mammary epithelial cells [J]. J. Dairy Sci., 1994, 77: 970-983
[10] Mackenzie DDS, Brooker BE and Forsyth I. Ultrastructural features of bovine mammary epithelial cells grown on collagen gels [J].Tissue and Cell,1985,17:39-51
[11] Mackenzie DDS, Forsyth A, Brooker BE and Turvey A. Culture of bovine mammary epithelial cells on collagen gel [J].Tissue and Cell,1982,14: 231-241
[12] Talhouk RS, Neiswander RL and Schanbacher FL. In vitro culture of cryopreserved bovine mammary cells on collagen gels: synthesis and secretion of casein and lactoferrin [J].Tissue and Cell,1990, 22: 583-599
[13] Daniel CW and Silvberstein GB.The mammary gland development regulation and function [J].New York, Plenum press,1987,3:36
[14] Haslam SZ and Counterman LJ. Mammary stroma modulates hormonal responsiveness of mammary epithelium in vitro in the mouse [J]. Endocrinology, 1991, 129: 2017-2023
[15] Zavizion B, van Duffelen M, Schaeffer W, and Politis I. Establishment and characterization of a bovine mammary epithelial cell line with unique properties [J]. In vitro Cell. Dev. Biol-Animal,1996,32:138-148
[16] Pantschenko AG and Yang TJ. Mitogenic responsiveness of caprine mammary epithelial cells to endocrine and cytokine factors [J]. Endocrine.l999,10(2):123-130
[17] Ann J-Y, Aoki N, Adachi T, Mizuno Y, Nakamura R, and Matsuda T. Isolation and culture of bovine mammary epithelial cells and establishment of gene transfection conditions in the cells [J].Biosci.Biotech.Biochem.,1995,59:59-64
[18] Shamay A, Cohen N, Niwa M and Gertie A. Effect of insulin-like growth factor I on deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and galactopoiesis in bovine undifferentiated and lactating mammary tissue in vitro [J]. Endocrinology,1988,123: 804-809
[19] Matitashvili E, Zavizion B, Dwyer D and Bauman DE. Primary bovine mammary epithelial cells in culture [J]. J.Dairy Sci., 1996, 79(Suppl.1),132
[20] McGrath MF. A novel system for mammary epithelial cell culture[J].J.DairySci.,1987,70:1967-1980
[21] Hansen HO, Tomehave D and Knudsen J. Synthesis of milk specific fatty acids and proteins by dispersed goat mammary gland epithelial cells [J].Biochem.J,1986,238:167-172
[22] Amorena B, Ba&ga R and Aguilar B. Factors influencing the degree of in vitro bacterial adhesion to ovine mammary gland epithelial cells [J].Vet.Microbial.,1990,24:43-53
[23] Fitzpatrick JL, Mayer SJ, Vilela C, Bland PW and Stokes CR. Cytokine-induced major histocompatibility complex class II antigen on cultured bovine mammary glandepithelial cells[J].J Dairy Sci.,1994,77: 2940-2948
[24] Wanasinghe DD. In vitro adherence of StapHylococcus uureus to bovine mammary gland epithelial cells [J].Acta Vet.Scund.,1981, 22: 99-108
[25] Buehring GC. Culture of mammary epithelial cells from bovine milk [J]. J. Dairy Sci., 1990,73:956-963
[26] Tateyama S, Kawano A, Yamaguchi R and Kondo F. Culture conditions and cell morphology of goat milk-derived mammary epithelial cells in plate culture [J].J.Vet.Sci.l988,50:192-199
[27] 鄂征主编.组织培养和分子细胞学技术[M].北京:北京出版社, 1995
[28] Zavition B, Gorewit RC, Politis I. Subcloning the MAT-T bovine mammary epithelial cell line:morpHology, growth, properties, and cytogenetic analysis of clonal cells[J]. J Dairy Sci.1995,78:515-527
[29] Huynh HT and Pollak M. HH2a, an immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cell line expresses the gene encoding mammary derived growth inhibitor(MDGI) [J]. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim, 1995,31A:25-29
[30] Rejman JJ, Oliver SP, Muenchen RA and Turner JD. Proliferation of the MAC-T bovine mammary epithelial cell line in the presence of mammary secretion whey proteins [J]. Biol. Int. Rep.,1992,16:993-1001
[31] Vernon RB, Angello JC, Iruela-Acispe ML, et al. Reorganization of basement membrane matrices by cellular traction promotes the formation of cellular networks in vitro [J]. Lab. Invest. 1992, 66:536-547
[32] Guzzman RC, Osborn RC, Richards JE,et al. Effects of phorbol esters on normal and tumorous mouse mammary epithelial cells embedded in collagen gels [J].J.Natl Cancer Inst,1983,71:69-72
[33] Razin A, Riggs AD.DNA methylation and gene function [J].Science,1980,210:604-609
[34] Osborne R, Howell AJ, and Nicholas KR. Hormone-dependent expression of the ovine-lactoglobulin gene [J]. J.Dairy Res.,1995, 62,321-329
[35] Puissant C, Attal J and Houdebine LM. The hormonal control of ovine-lactoglobulin gene in cultured ewe mammary explants [J]. Reprod.Nut.Dev., 1990, 30: 245-251
[36] Houdebine LM, Djiane J, Dusanter-Fourt I, Martel P, Kelly PA, Devinoy E, and Servely JL.Hormonal action controlling mammary activity [J]. J.Daily Sci.,1985,68: 489-500
[37] Jindal HK, and Pandey RS. Studies on the regulation of enzymes related to fatty acid synthesis in goat mammary gland using explant culture system [J]. Ind.J.Biochem.Biophys.,1988,25:428-433
[38] Hayrnan EG, Barnes D, Pierschacher M.et al. Serimsprecading factor is a major attachment protein in fetal bovine serum and the active principle in attachment-promoting fetuin [J].J.Cell Biol. 1977,95: 121a
[39] Atwood CS, Hovey RC, Glover JP, et al. Progesterone induces side-branching of the ductal epithelium in the mammary glands of peripubertal mice [J]. J Endocrinol.2000,167(1):39-52
[40] Woodward TL, Beal WE, and Akers RM.Cell interactions in initiation of mammary epithelial proliferation by oestradiol and progesteron in prepubertalheifers[J].J.Endocrinol.,1993,136:149-157
[41] Iiamamoto S, Imagawa W, Yang J and Nandi S. Morphogenesis of mouse mammary epithelial cells growing within collagen gels: ultrastructural and immunocytochemical characterization[J].Cell Differ,1988,22(3):191-201
[42] Darcy KM, Shoemaker SF, Lee PP. Hydrocortosone and progesterone regulation of the proliferation,morphogenesis, and functional differentiation of normal rat mammary epithelial cells in three dimensional primary culture [J]. J Cell Physiol,1995,163(2):365-379
[43] Woodward TL, Xie J, Fendrick JL, Haslam SZ. Proliferation of mouse mammary epithelial cells in vitro: interactions among epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor I, ovarian hormones,and extraccllular matrix proteins [J]. Endocrinology,2000,141(10):3578-3586
[44] Beck JC and Hoslck HL. Growth of mouse mammary epithelium in response to serum-free media conditioned by mammary adipose tissue [J]. Cell Biol. Int. Rep,1998,12: 85-97
[45] Hansen HO and Knudsen J. Lactating goat mammary gland cells in culture [J]. Camp.Biochem.PHysiol., 1991,99A: 129-135
[46] McGrath MF, Collier RJ, Clemmons DR, Busby WH, Sweeny CA and Krivi GG The direct in vitro effect of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)on normal bovine mammary cell proliferation and production of IGF binding proteins [J]. Endocrinology, 1991,129: 671-678
[47] Winder SJ, Turvey A and Forsyth LA. Stimulation of DNA synthesis in cultures of ovine mammary epithelial cells by insulin and insulin-like growth factors [J]. J.Endocrinol.1989,123:319-326
[48] Shamay Aand Gertler A. A model for in vitro proliferation of undifferentiated bovine mammary epithelial cells Cell [J]. Biol.Inf.Rep.,1986,10:923-1001
[49] Waksman M, Shamay A and Gertler A. Bovine pituitary, kidney, uterine and mammary gland extracts contain bovine mammary epithelium growth factors that synergize with IGF I and fetal calf serum: indication for involvement of GTP-binding proteins [J]. Domest. Anim. Enabcrinol. 1991, 8:271-280
[50] Winder SJ, Turvey A and Forsyth IA. Characteristics of ruminant mammary epithelial cells growth in primary culture in serum-free medium [J]. J.Dairy Res.,1992, 59:491-498
[51] Wheeler TT, Callaghan MR, Davis SR, Presser CG and Wilkins RJ. Milk protein synthesis, gene expression, and hormonal responsiveness in primary cultures of mammary cells from lactating sheep [J]. Exp.Cell Res.,1995, 217: 346-354
[52] Bohmer FD, Lehman W, Schmidt HE, et al. Purification of a growth inhibitor forehrlichascites mammary carcinoma cells from bovine mammary gland [J].Exp.Cell Res.,1984,150:466-476
[53] LippMan ME. Hormonal regulation of human breast cancer cells in vitro. In:Pike MC, Siitcri PK,Welsch CS(eds) Banbury Report 8: Hormones and Breast Cancer[J].Cold Spring Harbor laboratory,1981,8:171-176
[54] Bullock LP, Barthe PZ, Mowazowicz I, et al. The effects of progestins on submaxillary gland epidermal growth factor, demonstration of androgenic, synandrogienic, and antiandrogenic actions [J]. Endocrinology, 1975, 97:189
[1]Ehman UK.Long-term proliferation of mouse thymic epithelial cells in culture in vitro[J].Cell.Dev.Biol.,1986,22:738-748
[2]Manfred JL,Marianne KH,James LM.Purification of maturation-promoting factor:an intracellular regulator of early mitotic events[J].Pro.Natl.Cad.Sci.USA,1985,3009-3013
[3]Musui Y and Markert CL.Cytoplasmic control of nuclear behavior during meiotic maturation of frog oocytes[J].J.Exp.Zool.,1971,117:129-146
[4]Doree M,Labbe JC,Picard A.M phase-promoting factor:its identification as the M phase-specific H1 histone kinase and its activation by depherylation[J].J.Cell Sci.(Suppl.),1989,12:39-51
[5]Murray AW,Solomon MJ,Kirschner MW.The role of cylin synthesis and degradation the control of maturation promoting factor activity[J].Nature,1989,339:280-286
[6]Lammer C,Wagerer S,Saffrich R,et al.The cdc25B phosphatase is essential for the G2/M phase transition in human cells[J].J.Cell Sci.,1998,111(Pt 16):2445-2453
[7]Haslam SZ and Counterman LJ.Mammary stroma modulates hormaonal responsiveness of mammary epithelium in vitro in the mouse[J].Endocrinology,1991,129:2017-2023
[8]Fulka JR,Jung T and Moor M.The fall of biological maturation promoting factor(MPF) and histone H1 kinase activity during anaphase and telephase in mouse oocytes[J].Mol.Prpro.Dev.,1992,32: 378-382
[9] Matsushime H, Ewen ME, Strom D, et al. Identification and properties of an atypical catalytic subunit for mammalian D-type Gl cyclin [J].Cell,1992,71:323-334
[10] Sherr CJ. Mammalian Glcyclins [J]. Cell, 1993,73:1059-1065
[11] Kodach LL, Bos CL, Duran N, et al. Violacein synergistically increases 5-fluorouracil cytotoxicity,induces apoptosis and inhibits Akt-mediated signal transduction in human colorectal cancer cells [J].Carcinogenesis, 2006, 27(3): 508-516
[12] Cham AK, Paul N, Lukas J, et al. Requirement of a centrosomal activity for cell cycle progression through G1 into S phase [J]. Science, 2001, 291:1547-1550
[13] Itamar S, Krek W, Nigg EA, et al. Seril regulation of transcriptional regulators in the yeast cell cycle [J]. Cell, 2001,106: 697-708
[14] Gerard IE, Wells W, Rerder CL, et al. Proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis in cancer [J]. Nature,2001, 411:342-348.
[15] Bruce AE, Hartwell LH. Endoreplication cell cycle: more for less [J]. Cell, 2001,105:297-306
[16] Cocker JH, Kiser GL, Hartwell LH, et al. An essential role for the Cdc6 protein in forming the pre-replication complexes of budding yeast [J]. Nature, 1996, 379:180-182
[17] Leatherwood , Funabiki H , Sudakin V , et al. Interaction of Cdc2 and Cdcl8 with a fission yeast ORC2-like protein [J]. Nature,1996,379:360-363
[18] Calvi BR , Tim H, Lanker S , et al. Cell cycle control of chorion gene amplification [J].Genes Dev.,1998, 12:734-744
[19] Hua XH , Holloway SL, Sutana U , et al. A role for Cdk2 kinase in negatively regulating DNA replication during S phase of the cell cycle [J]. J. Cell .Biol., 1997,137:183-192
[20] Fang F , Oehlen B , Cross F R , et al. Dependenec of cyclin-Cdk2 kinase activity on cell anchorage [J]. Science, 1996, 271: 499-502
[21] Kim Y, Zhao M. Aberrant cell cycle regulation in cervical carcinoma [J]. Yonsei. Med. J., 2005,46(5):597-613.
[22] Aggarwal B, Ichikawa H. Molecular targets and anticancer potential of indole-3-carbinol and its derivatives [J].Cell Cycle, 2005, 4(9):1201-1215
[23] Zhang S, Caamano J, Cooper F, et al. Immunohistochemistry of cyclinDl in human breast cancer [J].Am J. Clin .Pathol, 1994,102:695
[24] Gillet CE, Lee AHS, Millis RR, et al. CyclinDl and associated proteins in mammary ductal carcinoma in situ and atypical ductal hyperplasia [J]. J. Pathol, 1998,184:396
[25] Watts CK, Brsdy A, Sarcevic B, et al. Antiestrogen inhibition of cell cycle progression in breast cancer cells is associated with inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase activity and decreased retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation [J]. Mol. Endocrinol,1995,9:1804
[26] Simpson JF, Quan DE, O'Malley F, et al. Amplification of CCND1 and expression of its protein product, cyclin D1, in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast [J].Am. J. Pat., 1997,151:161
[27] Jacks T, Weinberg RA. The expanding role of cell cycle regulators [J]. Science, 1998, 280:1035
[28] Lundberg AS, Weinberg RA. Functional inactivation of the retinoblastoma protein requires sequential modification by at least two distinct cyclin-cdk complexes [J]. Mol. Cell. Biol, 1998,18:753
[29] Whittaker AJ, Pines J, Glotzer M, et al. Drosophila double parked: aconserved, essential replication protein that colocalizes with the origin recognition complex and links DNA replication with mitosis and the down-regulation of S phase transcripts [J]. Genes.Dev., 2000,14:1765-1776
[30] Shapira M, Kakiashvili E, Rosenberg T, et al. The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin downregulates the expression of the ubiquitin ligase subunit Skp2 in breast cancer cells [J]. Breast Cancer Res., 2006,8(4):R46-53.
[31] Kelly BL, Wolfe KGe and Roberts JM. Identification of a substrate-targeting domain in cyclinE neccessary for phosphorylation of the retinobladtoma protein [J]. Proc . Nati . Acad . Sci. USA,1998, 95:2 535-2 540
[32] Koff A, Giordano A, Desai D, et al. Fomation and activation of a cyclinE-cdk2 complex during the G1 phase of the human cell cycle [J]. Science,1992, 257:1689-1694
[33] de Nooij J C, Cobrinik D, White P, et al. Expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor dacapo is regulated by cyclinE [J]. Mech. Dev., 2000, 97: 73-83
[34] Sherr C, Roberts JM. Positive and negative regulation by CDK inhibitors [J].Genes Dev.,1999, 13:1501-1512
[35] Duronio RJ, Pardee AB, Nevins J R, et al. Mutations of the drosopHila dDP, dE2F, and cyclinE genes reveal distinct roles for the E2F-Dp transcription factor and cyclinE during the S phase transition [J]. Mol. Biol., 1998, 18:141-151
[36] Fero ML, Randel E, Gurley KE, et al. The murine gene p27 is haplo-insufficient for tumor suppression [J]. Nature, 1998, 396:177-180
[37] Porter PL, Malone KE, Heagerty PJ, et al. Expression of cell cycle regulators P27~(kip1)and CyclinE,alone and in combination correlate with survival in yong breast cancer patients [J]. Nat. Med.,1997,3: 222-225
[38] Eymin B, Haugg M, DroinN, et al. p~(27Kip1) induces drug resistance by preventing apoptosis upstream of cytochrome release and procaspase-3 activation in leukemic cells [J]. Oncogene, 1999, 18(7): 1411-1418
[39] Xing H, Wang S, Hu K, et al. Effect of the cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitor p27 on resistance of ovarian cancer multicellular spHeroids to anticancer chemotherapy [J]. J.Cancer.Res.Clin.Onco,2005,131(8): 511-519
[40] Barbareschi M, van Tinteren H, Mauri FA, et al. p27~((kip1)) expression in breast carcinomas: an immunohistochemical study on 512 patients with long-term follow-up [J]. Int. J.Cancer, 2000, 89(3):236-241
[41] Cariou S, Donovan JC, Flanagan WM, et al. Down-regulation of p21~(WAF1/CIP1) or p27~(Kip1) abrogates antiestrogen-mediated cell cycle arrest in human breast cancer cells [J]. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.USA,2000, 97(16): 9042-9046
[42] Cheng M, Olivier P, Diehl A, et al. The P21~(cip1)and P27~(kip1)CDK'inhibitor'are essential activators of cyclinD-dependent kinaese in murine fibroblasts [J]. EMBO.J., 1999, 18:1571-1583
[43] Woodward TL, Xie J, Fendrick JL, Haslam SZ. Proliferation of mouse mammary epithelial cells in vitro: interactions among epidermal growth factor, Insulin-like growth factor I, ovarian hormones, and extraccllular matrix proteins [J]. Endocrinology, 2000,141(10):3578-3586
[44] Musgrove EA , Hamilton JE , Lee CSL, et al. Growth factor, steroid, and steroid antagonist regulation of cyclin gene expression associated with changes in T-47D human breast cancer cell cycle progression [J]. Mol. Cell. Biol., 1993,13:3577-3586
[45] Gerard IE, Wells W, Rerder CL, et al. Proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis in cancer [J]. Nature,2001,411:342-348
[46] Muller H, Helin K. The E2F transcription factors: key regulators of cell proliferation [J]. Biochim.Biophys .Acta., 2000,1470(1): M1
[47] Liu TJ, Wang M, Breau RL, et al. Apoptosis induction by E2F-1 via adenoviral-mediated gene transfer results in growth suppression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines[J].Cancer Gene Ther., 1999, 6(2): 163-169
[48] Wu CL, Classon M, Dyson N, et al. Expression of dominant-negative mutant DP1 blocks cell cycle progression [J]. Mol. Cell Biol., 1996,16(7): 3698-3706
[1]陆东林.牛奶中的氨基酸含量及其营养价值[J].新疆畜牧业,2001,4:12-14
[2]Davis SR,MepHam TB.Metabolism of L-(U-14C)valine,L-(U-14C)leucine,L-(U-14C) histidine and L-(U-14C) pHenylalanine by the isolated perfused lactating guinea-pig mammary gland[J].Biochem J,1976,156(3):553-560
[3]Baekwell FRC,Bequette BJ,Wilson D,Metcalf JA,Franklin ME,Beevr DE,Lobley GE,MacRa JC.Evidence for the utilization of peptides for milk Protein synthesis in the lactating dairy goat in vivo[J].Am.J.PHysiol.,1996,271:R955-R960
[4]John J.Kennely等著(赵改名编译).开发改变乳成分的潜力(上)[J].国外畜牧,2001,4:45-47
[5]John J.Kennely等著(赵改名编译).开发改变乳成分的潜力(下)[J].国外畜牧,2001,5:23-27
[6]Wilks DL,Coppock CE,Brooks KN.Effects of differences in starch content of diets with whole cottonseed or rice bran on milk casein[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1991,74:1314-1320
[7]Maye CS and Doherty JG.The effect of fine grinding or sodium hydroxide treatment of wheat,offered as part of a concentrate supplement,on the performance of lactating dairy cows[J].Animal Sci.,1996,63:11-19
[8]Lykos T and Varga GA.Varying degradation rates of total nonstructural carbohydrates:Effects on nutrient uptake and utilization by the mammary gland in high producing Holstein cows[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1997,80:3356-3367
[9]Matsushime H,Ewen ME,Strom D,et al.Identification and properties of an atypical catalytic subunit for mammalian D-type G1 cyclin[J].Cell,1992,71:323-334
[10]Keday TWJ,Myane CS and Fitzpartrick DA.The effects of concentrate energy source on milk composition of lactating dairy cattle,offered grass silage.In Milk Composition[M].(Eds.R.E.Agnew,KW Agnew and AM Fedron).British Society Animal Science Occasional Publication no.25.pp.119-124
[11]Phipps KH,Sutton JD,Humphries DJ and Jones AK.A comparison of the effects of cracked wheat and sodium hydroxide-treated wheat on feed intake,milk production and rumen digestion in dairy cows given maize silage diets[J].Animal Sci.In Press,2001
[12]Castillo AR,Keberba E,Beever DE,Barbi J,Sutton JD,Kriby HC and France J.The effect of energy supplementation on nitrogen utilization in lactating dairy cows fed grass silage[J].J.Ani.Sci.,2000,79:240-246
[13]Kebreab E,Castillo AR,Beever DE,HumpHries DJ and France J.Effects of management practices prior to and during ensiling concentrate type on nitrogen utilization in dairy cows[J].J.Dariy Sci.,2000,83:1274-1285
[14]NRC.Nutrient requirement of dairy cattle seventh revised edition[M].National Academey Press,Washington,D C,2001
[15]Emery RS.Feeding for increased milk protein[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1978,61:825
[16]Sporndly E.Effects o n milk protein content,yield and composition of dietary changes in diets based on grass silage to daily cows[J].Swedish J.Agric.Res.,1989,19:107-116
[17]Metcalf J A,Crompton L A,Wray-cahen D,et al.Response in milk constituents to intrarasular administration of two miotures of amino acid to dairy cows[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1996,79:1425-1429
[18]Cunnigham KD,Cecava M J,Johnson TR,Luden PA.Influence of source and amount of dietary protein on milk yield by cows in early lactation[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1996,79:620-630
[19]Metcalf JA,Beever DE,Sutton JD,Wray-Cahen D,Evans RT,et al.The effect of supplementing protein on in vivo metabolism of the mammary gland in lactating dairy cows[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1994,77:1816-1827
[20]Wright TC,Moscardini S,Luimes PH,et al.Effects of rumen-undergradable protein and feed intake on nitrogen balance and milk protein production in dairy cows[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1998,81:784-793
[21]Bach A,Huntingotn GB.Nitrogen mebatolism of early lactation cows fed diets with two different levels of proteins and different animo acid profile[J].J.Dairy Sci.,2000,83:251-258
[22]John J.Kennely等著(赵改名编译.开发改变乳成分的潜力(下)[J].国外畜牧,2001,5:23-27
[23]祝梅香.北京荷斯坦牛乳蛋白多态性与产奶性能的相关分析[J].中国畜牧杂志,2000,36:3-6
[24]Socha,MT,Schwab CG,Putnam DE,Kierstead NA,Whitehouse NL,Garthwaite BD and Ducharme GA.Determining methionine requirements of dairy cows during midlactation by postruminally infusing incremental amounts of methionine[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1994b,77(Suppl.1):93(Abstr.)
[25]Schwab CG,Bozak CK,Whitehouse NL and Mesbah MMA.Amino acid limitation and flow to the duodenum at four stages of lactation.:Sequence of lysine and methionine limitation[J].J.Dairy Sci.1992a,75:3486-3502
[26]Rulquin HP,isulewski PM,Ve'rite' R and Guinard J.Milk Production and composition as a function of postruminal lysine and methionine supply:a nutrient-response approach[J].Livestock production Science,1993,37:69-70.
[27]Xu S,Harrsion JH,Chalupa W,Sniffen C,Julien W,Sato H,Fujieda T,Watanabe H,Ueda T and Suzuke H.Effect of ruminal bypass lysine and methionine on milk yield and composition of lactating cows[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1998,81:1062-1077
[28]王运亨、张振山.奶牛日粮中添加保护性蛋氨酸试验[J].中国奶牛,1999,3:26-28
[29]李胜利.我国奶业生产进展及提高奶牛生产性能的措施[C].北京:首届全国奶牛养殖技术研修班论文集.2000
[30]Horner JL,Coppock CE,Schelling GT,et al.Influence of niacin and whole cottonseed on intake,milk yield and composition and systemic response of dairy cow[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1986,69:3087-3095
[31]Erickson PS,Murphy MR,Clark JH.Supplementation of dairy cow diets with calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids and nicotinic acids in early lactation[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1992,75:1078-1089
[32]王俊锋,黄静等.泌乳反刍动物乳蛋白的合成机理及调控途径的研究[J].奶牛养殖,2004:24-27
[33]金国粹主译.乳牛学[M].北京:农业出版社,1986
[34]马毅,马勇江等.奶牛泌乳调控研究进展[J].甘肃畜牧兽医,2001(1):27-29
[35]Christensen HN.Role of amino acid transport and counter trans port in nutrition and metabolism[J].Physiol.Rev.,1990,70:43-77
[36]MePHam TB,Gaye P,Martin P,Mercier JC.Biosynthesis of milk proteins[J].In:Advanced Dairy Chemistry.Vol.1:Proteins1992,491-543.Oxford:Elsevier
[1]李帆,梁敬钰.王不留行的研究进展[J].海峡药学,2007,19(3):1-5
[2]徐忠银,肖浦生.王不留行的本草学研究[J].基层中药杂志,1993,17(1):26-28
[3]朱海明.刍议王不留行散[J].陕西中医,1998,19(1):39-40
[4]周晓东.广东王不留行的生药学研究[J].广东药学,1996,3:28-29
[5]肖振翔.王不留行[J].中国健康,1994,27:13-14
[6]王不留行、野豌豆、芸薹子的鉴别[J].1988,3(2):28-29
[7]周俊,付宜和.王不留行的临床新用途[J].时珍国医国药,2001,12(6):560-562
[8]田承华.广西广东习用王不留行的本草考证[J].广西中医药,1999,22(3):42-44
[9]徐炳生.中药王不留行的原植物研究[J].药学学报,1959,7(2):65-78
[10]桑圣民,夏增华,毛士龙,劳爱娜,陈仲良.中药王不留行中黄酮甙类成分的研究[J].中国中药杂志,2000,25(4):221-222
[11]桑圣民,劳爱娜,王洪诚等.中药王不留行化学成分的研究Ⅱ[J].天然产物研究与开发,1998,10(4):18-23
[12]桑圣民,劳爱娜,王洪诚等.中药王不留行化学成分的研究[J].中草药,2000,31(2):54-58
[13]张荣平,邹澄,谭宁华,周俊.王不留行环肽研究[J].云南植物研究,1998,20(1):105-112
[14]鲁静,林一星,马双成.中药王不留行中刺桐碱和异肥皂草苷分离鉴定和测定[J].药物分析杂志,1998,18(3):163-165
[15]沈尔安.下乳金疮名药王不留行[J].医药与保健,2002,10:56
[16]徐富一,金正子,申舜植.王不留行与硬叶女娄菜止痛、消炎效能的比较研究[J].河南中医学院学报,2006,21(123):31-33
[17]王成宝.王不留行散临床应用举隅[J].新中医,2007,39(5):72
[18]周贻谋.活血通经下乳良药王不留行[J].家庭医学,2006,6:59
[19]张星华.黄芪应用的历史沿革[J].江西中医药,2008,39(302):43-44
[20]付国军,康杰,王维仁.黄芪研究进展[J].中国科技信息,2007,9:175-177
[21]祝小玲.黄芪的药理学研究进展[J].四川生理学杂志,1998,20(1):25
[22]徐西.党参、黄芪对血小板聚集的临床及实验研究[J].中药药理与临床,1985,(4):32-36
[23]刘汉丹,瞿佐发.黄芪的药理作用研究进展[J].现代中西医结合杂志,2002,11(18):1862-1869
[24]耿长山.黄芪多糖对去T细胞小鼠促进抗体产生机理探讨[J].中国药理通讯,1985,2(2):14-19
[25]张向力,张丽萍,勾建元.黄芪对机体免疫系统影响的研究进展[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2001,8(3):11-14
[26]蔡瑛,黄青青.黄芪对机体免疫系统影响的研究进展[J].中国中西医结合急救杂,2000,7(6):379-380
[27]张定基.黄芪对机体免疫功能的影响[J].宁夏医学杂志,1986,8(2):90-92
[28]孔令梅.黄芪的免疫调节作用[J].内蒙古医学杂,2007,39(1):73-74
[29]许华稀,陈霞,吴亭.黄芪对高粘滞血综合征患者的血液流变性影响[J].中国疗养医学,1996,7(3):37-39
[30]王翠兰,胡英华,张蕾,苗稚莉,刘春刚,李桂芳,田春玲.黄芪注射液对冠心病患者血液流变性的影响[J].微循环学杂志,2000,10(1):50-51
[31]郭晶,齐玉,沙薇,陈方倩,王黎光.中药黄芪对D-半乳糖衰老模型大鼠血液流变性的影响[J].中国血液流变学杂志,2004,14(3):388-395
[32]艾隽,高越,杨秀斌.香丹与黄芪注射液对2型糖尿病患者血液流变性的影响[J].中国微循环,2004,8(6):404-407
[33]朱雪萍,林吉祥,王新华,唐咏华.肾衰酊、黄芪注射液对肾病终末期血液透析患者血液流变、T细胞亚群的作用[J].上海中医药杂志,2000,7:20-21
[34]李银,于晓云,刘洪涛,于晓峰.联用黄芪注射液和川芎嗪注射液对糖尿病肾病血脂血液流变性和肾功能影响的观察[J].中国中西医结合急救杂志,1999,6(12):568-571
[35]王建新,梅广林,胡卫东.黄芪在肝脏缺血-再灌注损伤中保护作用的研究[J].南通大学学报(医学版),2005,25(3):161-163
[36]王永东,周亚民,吴铁,刘晓青.黄芪和司坦唑醇复方制剂对去卵巢大鼠肝脏和子宫的影响[J].中南药学,2007,5(2):97-99
[37]郝嘉,肖颖彬,钟前进,陈林,王学锋.黄芪对氧自由基致肺损伤的保护作用[J].现代中西医结合杂志,2004,13(5):578-579
[38]王桂云,郭新民.黄芪对衰老小鼠一氧化氮、自由基及细胞凋亡的影响[J].牡丹江医学院学报,2004,25(4):14-16
[39]蒋晏.黄芪注射液在原发性肾病综合征中应用的疗效观察[J].四川医学,2008,29(2):164-165
[40]林飞进,黄金城,崔敏娴.黄芪注射液对肾病综合征患儿血生化和免疫球蛋白的影响[J].中国中西医结合肾病杂志,2008,9(1):72-74
[41]张运海等.中草药增乳剂提高奶牛产奶量初步试验[J].中兽医医药杂志,1990,(4):8-10
[42]王秋芳,欧阳五庆等.中草药添加剂对山羊泌乳性能的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,1993,24(5):385-390
[43]孙延鸣,欧阳五庆等.环腺苷酸对体外培养的山羊乳腺上皮细胞增殖的影响[J].中国兽医杂志,2002,32(2):34-36
[1]Clark AJ,Burl S,Denning C,et al.Gene targeting in livestock:a preview[J].Transgenic Res.,2000,9:263-275
[2]Pvintado B and Gutierrez-Adan A.Trans-genesis in large domestic species:future development for milk modification[J].Report.Nutr.Dev.,1999,39:535-544
[3]王庆忠,李国荣,尹昆等.乳腺生物反应器的研究现状和产业化前景[J].生命科学,2005,17(1):76-80
[4]鄂征主编.组织培养技术[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1998:3-12
[5]Ollivier-Bousquet M,Devinoy E.Physiology of lactation:old questions,new approaches[J].Livest.Prod.Sci.,2005,98:163-173
[6]Hovey RC,Trott JF,Vonderhaar BK.Establishing a framework for the functional mammary gland:from endocrinology to morphology[J].J Mammary Gland Biol.,2002,7(1):17-38
[7]Lamote I,Meyer E,Massart-Le(e|¨)n A M,et al.Sex steroids and growth factors in the regulation of mammary gland proliferation,differentiation,and involution[J].Steroids,2004,69:145-159
[8]Gibson CA,Vega JR,Baummcker CR,et al.Establishment and characterization of bovine mammary epithelial cell lines[J].In Vitro Cell Dev.Bio.,1991,27A(7):585-594
[9]Zavizion B.Establishment and characterization of a bovine mammary epithelial cell line with unique properties[J].In Vitro Cell Dev.-An,1996,32:138-148
[10]柴雨力,何德渊,张佩莉.培养人乳腺上皮细胞化学致癌过程中cerbB-2基因的研究[J].中华病理学杂志,1996,25(6):374-375
[11]陶海静,王老七.小白鼠乳腺上皮细胞的体外培养[J].郑州牧业工程高等专科学校学报,2003,23(2):81-83
[12]郑玉才.水牛乳腺上皮的体外培养[J].西南民族学院(自然科学版),1994,20(1):42-45
[13]李震,王英,刘惠莉等.牛乳腺上皮细胞的分离培养[J].上海农业学报,2000,16(3):25-28
[14]Hung TH,Gilles R.Jeffrey DT.Establishment of mammary epithelial cells(MAC-T):an in vitro model for bovine lactation[J].Exp.Cell.Res.,1991,198:191-199
[15]Boris Z,Marilyn VD,Waren S,et al.Establishment and characterization of bovine epithelial cell line unique properties in vitro cell[J].Dev.Bil.,1996,32:138-148
[16]司徒镇强,吴军正.细胞培养[M].北京:世界图书出版社,1996:97-101
[17]成令忠,钟翠平,蔡文琴.现代组织学[M].上海科学技术文献出版社,2003:127-130
[18]欧阳五庆.山羊乳腺上皮细胞培养体系的建立[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2003,31(3):30-34
[19]薛庆善主编.体外培养的原理与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:401-408
[20]程宝鸾主编.动物细胞培养技术[M].广州;华南理工大学出版社,2001:35-36
[21]Matitashvili E,Bauman DE.Culture of primary bovine mammary epithelial cells[J].In Vitro Cell Dev.Bio.,1999,35(8):431-434
[22]Talhouk RS,Neiswander RL,Schanbacher FL.Effect of substratum on growth,cell morphology and lactoferrin synthesis and secretion in bovine mammary cell culture[J].Tissue Cell,1998,30(2):226-235
[23]李向臣,任芳丽,张涌.山羊乳腺上皮细胞的分离、培养与超微结构观察[J].畜牧兽医学报,2005,36(2):121-126
[24]王孟琳,张卫华,赵宗辽等.针刺对乳腺增生大鼠乳腺细胞超微结构的影响[J].辽宁中医杂志,2007,34(9):1333-1334
[25]张月云.牛乳腺上皮细胞中β-酪蛋白的检测.新疆农业大学硕士学位论文,2004:28-31
[26]Jha R K,Titus S,Saxena D,et al.Profiling of E-cadherin,b-catenin and Ca2+ in embryo-uterine interactions at implantation[J].FEBS Lett.,2006,580:5653-5660
[27]张龙翔,张庭芳,李令媛主编.生化试验技术和方法[M].高等教育出版社,1981:21-25
[28]邹思湘,汤艾非.生化分析技术试验[M].南京农业大学动物医学院动物生理生化学科组,2003:9-13
[29]黄培堂等译.分子克隆试验指南[M].北京:科学出版社,2002,1713-1726
[30]Forsyth IA,Taylor JA,Keable S,Turvey S.Expression of amphiregulin in the sheep mammary gland[J].Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology,1997,126(1):41-48
[31]Tracey A.Martin,Gareth Watkins,Robert E.Mansel and Wen G.Jiang.Hepatocyte growth factor disrupts tight junctions in human breast cancer cells[J].Cell Biology International,2004,28(5):361-371
[32]Dale E.Synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins in bovine mammary epithelial cells[J].In vitro cell boil.Anim.,2001,37:629-632
[33]Ehmann VL,Peterson WD,Misfeldt D S.To grow mouse mammary epithelial cells in culture [J].J.Cell Bio.,1984,98:1026-1032
[34]Pantschenko AG,Yang TJ.Mitogenic responsiveness of caprine mammary epithelial cells to endocrine and cytokine factors [J]. Endocrine, 1999,10(2):123-130
[35] Burwen SJ, Pitelka D. Secretory function of lactating mouse mammary epithelial cells culture on collagen gels [J]. Exp. Cell Res., 1980,126:249-262
[36] Barcellos-Hoff MH, Aggeler J, Ram TG Functional differentiation and alveolar morphogenesis of primary mammary cultures on reconstituted basement membrane [J].Development, 1989,105:223-235
[37] Woodward TL, Xie J, Fendrick JL, et al. Proliferation of mouse mammary epithelial cells in vitro: interactions among epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor I, ovarian hormones, and extra cellular matrix proteins [J]. Endocrinology, 2000,141:3578-3586
[38] Pantschenko AG, Woodcock-Mitchell J, Bushmich SL, et al. Establishment and characterization of a caprine mammary epithelial cell line [J]. In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol .Anim.,2000,36:26-37
[39] Naoko Nukumi, Kayoko Ikeda, Megumi Osawa, et al. Regulatory function of whey acidic protein in the proliferation of mouse mammary epithelial cells in vivo and in vitro [J].Developmental Biology, 2004, 274(1): 31-34
[40] Berry SDK, Weber Nielsen MS, Sejrsen K, et al. Use of an immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T) to measure the mitogenic activity of extracts from heifer mammary tissue: effects of nutrition and ovariectomy [J]. Domestic Animal Endocrinology,2003, 25(3): 245-253
[41] Pauloin A , Delpal S, Chanat E, et al. Differently affects basal and prolactin-situlated milk protein secretion in lactating rabbit mammary epithelial cells[J]. Eur. J. Cell Bio., 1997, 72:324-336
[42] Chepko G, Smith GH. Mammary Epithelial Stem Cells: Our Current Understanding [J]. J.Mammary Gland Bio., 1999,4(1):35-52
[43] Keitaro Kitade, Toshiho Nishita, Mitsugu Yamato, et al. Expression and localization of carbonic anhydrase in bovine mammary gland and secretion in milk [J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2003,134(2):349-354
[44] Xue Y, Smedts F, Debruyne FMJ, et al. Identification of intermediate cell types by keratin expression in the developing human prostate[J]. Prostate, 1998, 34: 292-301
[45]Owens D W,Lane E B.The quest for the function of simple epithelial keratins[J].Biol.Essays,2003,25:748-758
[46]Franke W,Weber K,Osborn M,et al.Antibody to prekeratin[J].Exp.Cell Res.,1978,116:429-445
[47]Sun TT,Shih CH,Green H.Keratin cytoskeletons in epithelial cells of internal organs[J].Proc.Natl.Acad Sci.USA,1979,76:2813-2817
[48]Touria Seddiki,Serge Delpal,Alain Aubourg,et al.Endocytic prolactin routes to the secretory pathway in lactating mammary epithelial cells[J].Biology of the Cell,2002,94(3):173-185
[49]McManaman L,Hanson L,Neville MC.Lactogenic Hormones Regulate Xanthine Oxidoreductase and β-Casein Levels in Mammary Epithelial Cells by Distinct Mechanisms[J].2000,373(2):318-327
[50]Roger A.Clegg,Rachel A.Gardner,Francoise Lavialle,et al.Casein secretion in mammary tissue:tonic regulation of basal secretion by protein kinase A[J].Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology,1998,141(1):163-177
[51]Darling DC,Morgan SJ.Animal cells:culture and media[M].John Wiley and Sons,New York,1994:1457-1460
[52]Zarzynska J,Gajewska M.Effects of hormones and growth factors on TGF-betal expression in bovine mammary epithelial cells[J].J.Dairy Res.,2005,72(1):39-48
[53]Dureood BR,Iris AH,Rvobert WJ,et al.Prolactin,cotieosterone insulin and triiodothyronine effects on a-lactalbulmin production[J].Endocronology,1981,108(2):584-590
[54]Baumrucker CR,Deemer KP,et al.Primary culture of bovine mammary acini on a collagen matrix[J].Tissue and Cell,1988,20(4):541-554
[55]Katiyar VN,Enami J,Nandi S.Effect of polypeptide hormones on stimulation of casein secretion by mouse mammary epithelial cells grown on floating collagen gels[J].In Vitro,1978,14:771-774
[56]Delabarre S,Claudon C and Laurent F.Influence of several extracellular matrix components in primary cultures of bovine mammary epithelial cells[J].Tissue and Cell,1997,29(1):99-106
[57]Elizabeth D.Hay.Extracellular matrix alters epithelial differentiation[J].Current Opinion in Cell Biology,1993,5(6):1029-1035
[1]郑月茂,安志兴,彭新荣,张涌.山羊乳腺上皮细胞的生长特性[J].中国兽医学报(自然科学版),2007,27(3):403-407
[2]陈寒柏,左嘉客.细胞周期蛋白和细胞周期[J].细胞生物学杂志,1993,15(2):61-64
[3]Danicl CW and Silberstein GB.The mammary gland development regulation and function[J].New York,Plenum press,1987,pp3-36
[4]Haslam SZ and Counterman LJ.Mammary stroma modulates hormonal responsiveness of mammary epithelium in vitro in the mouse[J].Endocrinology,1991,129:2017-2023
[5]Pantschenko AG and Yang TJ.Mitogenic responsiveness of caprine mammary epithelial cells to endocrine and cytokine factors[J].Endocrine,1999,10(2):123-130
[6]葛长荣,曹正辉,苏子峰.天然植物提取物在动物生产中的应用及研究[J].饲料研究,2005(6):21-24
[7]祝小玲,祝彼得.黄芪注射液对小鼠骨髓细胞增殖周期的影响[J].中药材,2000,10(23):625-627
[8]阴建国.cAMP和cGMP的拮抗代谢调节与中医“阴阳”的关系[J].陕西中医学院学报,1987(1):21-24
[9]吴建新,蒋莹,严永清.黄芪、当归及其配伍对大鼠血小板聚集和血小板中cAMP、cGMP的影响[J].中药药理与临床,1992,8(1):16-22
[10]潘文军,李忠义.人参花皂苷对小鼠心肌细胞cAMP和cGMP含量的影响[J].沈阳医学院学报,1991,8(3):200-203
[11]付秀花,王恬.中草药对奶牛乳房炎病原菌的体外抑菌试验[J].动物科学与动物医学,2002,19(5):16-18
[12]丁月云,李茜,王恬.21种中药对奶牛乳房炎3种病原菌的体外抑菌试[J].畜牧与兽医,2004,36(12):5-8
[13]程宝鸾.动物细胞培养技术[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,2000,131-132
[14]薛庆善.体外培养的原理与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2001,201-202
[15]徐幸莲.分子生物学检验技术[M].北京:人民出版社,2003,48-50
[16]畛永唐,贲昆龙.测定细胞存活和增殖的MTT方法的建立[J].免疫学杂志,1992,8(4):266
[17]张宁,刘世巍,韩凤岳等.补肾活血中药对体外培养成骨细胞增殖的影响[J].中国骨伤,2004,17(11):40-42
[18]叶媚娜,陈红风.温肾中药对原代培养正常人乳腺上皮细胞增殖的影响[J].中西医结合学报,2006,4(4):397-401
[19]樊粤光,梁笃,刘建仁等.中药M对兔内皮细胞增殖影响的初步研究[J].中国试验动物学报,2003,11(3):181-183
[20]郭昭庆,党耕町,王志国.氟化钠及续断组分对成骨细胞增殖的影响[J].中华骨科杂志,1998,2(18):84-87
[21]李悦山,张建龙,薛垒.黄芪与当归对人脐静脉内皮细胞增殖及VEGF表达的影响[J].新疆医科大学学报,2005,28(3):224-227
[22]张团笑,牛采琴,秦晓民.王不留行对家兔离体主动脉环张力的影响及其机制[J].中药药理与临床,2004,20(4):28-29
[23]吕文科,沈骅睿,胡晓梅.漏芦黄酮对成骨细胞的体外毒性试验研究[J].中国中医骨伤科杂志,2006,14(1):42-44
[24]司徒镇强,吴军正.细胞培养[M].西安:世界图书出版西安公司.,1996,128-131
[25]Freshney RI,Pragnell IB,Freshney MG.Culture of epithelial cells[J].Second edition.New York: Wiley-Liss,2002,207-211
[26]Huynh HT,Robitaille G.Establishment of bovine mammary epithelial cell lines(MAC-T):an in vitro model for bovine lactation[J].Exp.Cell Res.,1991,197:191-198
[27]Boris Z,Marilyn VD,Waren S,et al.Establishment and characterization of bovine mammary myoepithelial cell line[J].In Vitro Cell.,1996,32:138-148
[28]刘苹,李平,熊仁平,周元国.MTF法与BrdU EIASA法检测成纤维细胞增殖的可靠性比较[J].第三军医大学学报,2006,28(11):1262-1266
[29]张均田主编.现代药理试验方法[M].北京:北京医科大学(协和医科大学)出版社.,1997,1133-1137
[30]Denizot F,Lang R.Rapid colorimetdc assay for cell growth and surrvial:Modifications to the tetrazolium dye procedure giving improved sensitivity and reliability[J].J.Immunol Methods,1986,89(2):271-277
[31]Twenty man PR,Luscombe M.A study of some variables in a tetrazolium dye(MTT) bassed assay for cell growth and chemosensitxity[J].BRJ Cancer,1987,56(3):279-285
[32]Wildeman B,Schmidmaier G,Ordel S,et al.Cell proliferation and differentiation during fracture healing are influenced by locally applied IGF-I and TGF-beta1:compositon of two proliferation markers,PCNA and BrdU[J].J.Biomed Mater Res.B Appl.Biomater,2003,65(1):150-156
[33]Mosmann T.Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival[J].J.Immuno.Methods,1983,65(1):55-63
[34]Tade H,Shiho O,Kuroshima KI,et al.An improved colorimetric assay for interleukin-2[J].J.Immunol.Methods,1986,93(2):157-165
[35]周思朗,屈艳妮,张健,汪森明,张积仁.SRB法与MTT法细胞计数应用比较[J].中国现代医学杂志,2005,15(17):2615-2618
[36]赵嘉惠,张华屏,王春芳.MTT法在检测细胞增殖方面的探讨[J].山西医科大学学报,2007,38(3):262-264
[37]方蓉,李芳秋,武建国.MTT比色法的条件探讨[J].临床检验杂志,2003,21(1):34-37
[38]Raafat AM,Hofseth LJ,Haslam SZ.Proliferative effects of combination estrogen and progesterone replacement therapy on the normal postmenopausal mammary gland in a murine model[J].Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol.,2001,184(3):340-349
[39]Persson I,Thurfjell E,Holmberg L.Effect of estrogen and estrogen-progestin replacement regimens on mammographic breast parenchymal density[J].J.Clin.Oncol.,1997,15(10):3201-3207
[40]Greendale GA,Reboussin BA,Sie A,et al.Effects of estrogen and estrogen-progestin on mammographic parenchymal density.Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions(PEPI) Investigators[J].Ann.Intern.Med.,1999,130(4 Pt 1):262-269
[41]Hiroshi Morita,Young Sook Yun,Koichi Takeya and Hideji Itokawa.Segetalin A,a new cyclic hexapeptide from vaccaria segetalis[J].Tetrahedron letters,1994,51(35):9593-9596
[42]Morita H,Yun YS,Takeya K,Itokawa,Yamada K.Segetalins B,C and D,three new cyclic peptides from Vaccaria segetalis[J].Tetrahedron letters,1995,51(21):6003-6014
[43]Tucker HA.Physiological control of mammary growth lactogensis and lactation[J].Dairy Sci.,1981,64:1403-1421
[44]汪玉松,邹思湘主编.乳生物化学[M].吉林:吉林大学出版社,1995,128-142
[45]孙延鸣,欧阳五庆等.环腺苷酸对体外培养的山羊乳腺上皮细胞增殖的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医杂志,2002,32(2):34-37
[46]吴发宝,陈希元.黄芪药理作用研究综述[J].中药材,2004,27(3):232-234
[47]郭瑞霞,魏丽惠.17β-雌二醇对子宫内膜癌细胞磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B信号传导通路的激活作用[J].中华妇产科杂志,2004,39(7):469
[48]Kurzer MS.Hormonal effects of soy isoflavones studies in premenopausal and post menopausal women[J].J.Nutr.,2000,130(3):660
[49]王海彬,王军舰,黄辉等.黄芪注射液对雌激素受体的激活作用研究[J].时珍国医国药,2006,17(11):2113-2115
[50]王振刚.环核苷酸的研究近况[J].国外医学中药分册,1981,(2):1-6
[51]Goldbery ND,Mellon PL,Clegg CH,et al.Advance in cyclic nucleotide research[J].J.Bio.Chem.,1973,(3):155
[52]韩剑众,葛长荣,高士争,田允波.中草药添加剂对仔猪cAMP/cGMP及免疫功能的影响[J].云南农业大学学报,2002,17(1):71-74
[53]欧阳五庆,王秋芳.中草药增乳添加剂对奶山羊泌乳性能的影响[J].西北农业学报,1994,3(2):41-44
[54]郑广华.环核苷酸与临床[M].天津科学技术出版社,1985,169-172
[55]刘正才等.中医免疫[M].重庆出版社,1983,50-55
[1]Radnor CJO.Myoepithelial cell differentiation in rat mammary glands[J].J.Anat,1972,281:413-419
[2]Razin A,Riggs AD.DNA methylation and gene function[J].Science,1980,210:604-609
[3]Darbre P,Yates J,Curtis S,et al.Effect of estradiol on human breast cancer cells in culture[J].Cancer Res.,1983,43:349-353
[4]Hurley WL.Mammary gland function during involution[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1989,72(6):1637-1646
[5]Van Eijk HG,de Jong G.The physiology of iron,transferring and ferritin[J].Trace Elem..Res.,1992,35:13-24
[6]陈寒柏,左嘉客.细胞周期蛋白和细胞周期[J].细胞生物学杂志,1993,15(2):61-65
[7]Masuda M,Hirakawa N,Nakasshima T,et al.CyclinD1 overexpression in primary hypopharyngeal carcinoma[J].Cancer,1996,78(7):390-395
[8]Polyak K,Kato JY,Solomon MJ,et al.p27~(Kip1),a cyclin-Cdk inhibitor,links transforming growth factor-beta and contact inhibition to cell cycle arrest[J].Genes Dev.,1994,8(1):9-22
[9]吴岩,祝彼得.当归补血汤对内皮细胞增殖和黏附分子表达的影响[J].华西医科大学学报,2001,32(4):593
[10]雷燕,高倩,李悦山等.黄芪、当归及其组方促血管内皮细胞增殖作用的研究[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2003,23(10):753-756
[11]王书奎,周振英主编.实用流式细胞术彩色图谱[M].上海:第二军医大学出版社,2004:16-33
[12]Yasui W,Kudo Y,Semba S,et al.Reduced expression of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p27 is associated with advanced stage and invasiveness of gastric carcinomas[J].Jpn.J.Cancer Res.,1997,88(7):625-629
[13]Han EK,Begemann M,Sgambato A,et al.Increased expression of CyclinD1 in a murine mammary epithelial cell line induces p27kip1,inhibits growth,and enhances apoptosis[J].Cell Growth Differ.,1996,7(6):699-710
[14]Yao J,Eu KW,Seow choen F,et al.Down regulation of p27 is a significant predictor of poor overall survival and may facilitate metastasis in colorectal carcinomas[J].Int.J.Cancer,2000,89(3):2131-2133
[15]徐小冬.细胞周期蛋白p27和CyclinD1在胃癌中的表达及其临床意义[J].杭州师范学院学报(医学版),2006,4:238-242
[16]Fang F,Oehlen B,Cross F R,et al.Dependence of cyclin-Cdk2 kinase activity on cell anchorage[J].Science,1996,271:499-502.
[17]Dej KJ,Parker SB,Eichele G,et al.The endocycle controls nurse cell polytene chromsome structure during drosophila oogenesis[J].Development,1999,126:293-303
[18]袁碧波,张士伟.细胞增殖周期各类调控因子研究进展[J].国外医学妇产科分册,1998,25(2):75-77
[19]Hirama T,Koeffler HP.Role of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor in the development of cancer [J].Blood,1995,86(3):841-854
[20]Matsushime H,Quelle DE,Shurtleff SA,et al.D-type cyclin-dependent kinase activity in mammalian cells[J].Mol.Cell Biol.,1994,14:2066-2076
[21]Zukerberg LR,Yang W,Arnold A,et al.Cyclin D1 expression in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas[J].Am.J.Clin.Pathol.,1995,103:756-760
[22]His ED,et al.CyclinD1/PRAD1 expression in parathyroid adenpmas:an immunohistochemical study[J].J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.,1996,81(5):1736-1739
[23]Cardoso MC.,Leonhardt H.,and Nadal-Ginard B.Reversal of terminal differentiation and control of DNA replication:cyclin A and Cdk2 specifically localize at subnuclear sites of DNA replication [J].Cell,1993,74,979-992
[24]Meyerson M and Hadow E.Identification of GI Kinase Activity for cdk6,A Novel Cyclin D Partner [J].Mol.Cell.Biol.,1994,14:2077-2086
[25]King RW,Jackson PK,Kirschner MW,et al.Mitosis in transition[J].Cell,1994,79:563-571
[26]Zhou P et al.Antisense to cyclinD1 inhibits growth and reverses the transformed phenotype of eosphagal cancer cells[J].Oncogene,1995,11:571-580
[27]Arber N,Hibshoosh H,Moss SF,et al.Increased expression of cyclinD1 is an early event in multistage colorectal carcinogenesis[J].Gastroenterology,1996,110:669-674
[28]Hunter T,Pines J.Cyclins and cancer Ⅱ:cyclin D and CDK inhibitor come of age[J].Cell,1994,79:573-582
[29]Nakagawa H,Zukerberg L,Togawa K,et al.Human cyclinD1 on cogene and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma[J].Cancer,1995,76(4):541-549
[30]Lee et al.Inactivation of the Retinoblastoma Susceptibility Gene in Human Breast Cancers[J].Science 1988,241:218-221
[31]LaBaer J,Garret MD,Stevenson LF,et al.New functional activities fosr the p21 family of CDK inhibitors[J].Genes Dev.,1997,11:847-862.
[32]Cheng M,Olivier P,Diehl A,et al.The p21cip1and p27kip1 CDK'inhibitor'are essential activators of CyclinD-dependent kinaese in murine fibroblasts[J].EMBO J.,1999,18:1571-1583
[33]Rivard N,L'Allemain G,Bartek J,et al.Arogation of p27~(kip1) by cDNA antisense suppresses quiescence(GO state) in fibroblasts[J].J.Biol.Chem.,1996,271(31):18337-18341
[34]Reynisdottir J,Polyak K,Iavarone A,et al.Kip/Cip and Ink4 Cdk inhibitors cooperate to reduced cell cycle arrest in response to TGF-β[J].Genes Dev.,1995,9:1831-1845
[35]Sherr C,Roberts JM.Positive and negative regulation by CDK inhibitors[J].Genes Dev.,1999,13:1501-1512
[36]Nguyen H,Gitig DM,Koff A.Cell-free degradation of p27,a G1 cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitor,is dependent on CDK2 activity and the proteasome[J].Mol.Cell Biol.,1999,19:1190-1201
[37]Shupnik MA,Pitt LK,Soh AY et al.Selective expression of estrogen receptor alpha and beta isoform in human pituitary tumor[J].J.Clin.Endocrinal metab.,1998,83(11):3965-3972
[38]Umekita Y,Ohi Y,Sagara Y,et al.Overexpression of CyclinD1 predicts for poor prognosis in estrogen receptor-negative breast patients[J].Int.J.Cancer,2002,98:415-418
[39]Geum D,Sun W,Paik SK,et al.Estrogen-induced CyclinD1 and D3 gene expressions during mouse uterin cell proliferation in vivo:differential induction mechanism of CyclinD1 and D3[J].Mol.Reprod Dev.,1997,46:450-458
[40]宋英娜,郎景和.子宫内膜癌的卫星不稳定性与临床病理和雌激素受体水平的关系[J].中华妇产科杂志,2000,25(5):273-276
[41]Hiroshi Morita,Young Sook Yun,Koichi Takeya and Hideji Itokawa.Segetalin A,a new cyclic hexapeptide from vaccaria segetalis.[J].Tetrahedron letters,1994,51(35):9593-9596
[42]Morita H,Yun YS,Takeya K,Itokawa H.,Yamada K.Segetalins B,C and D,Three Hew Cyclic Peptides from Vaccaria segetalis[J].Tetrahedron letters,1995,51(21):6003-6014
[43]吴发宝,陈希元.黄芪药理作用研究综述[J].中药材,2004,27(3):232-234
[44]郭瑞霞,魏丽惠.17β-雌二醇对子宫内膜癌细胞磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B信号传导通路的激活作用[J].中华妇产科杂志,2004,39(7):469
[1]夏伦志,李吕木,吴东.中草药饲料添加剂对奶牛泌乳性能的影响研究[J].中国草食动物,2003,23(2):14-16
[2]闫素梅,乔良,宋丽华.中草药添加剂对奶牛产奶性能及牛奶体细胞数的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2005,37(6):17-19
[3]孙德成,王旭东,王辉,王革命.天然植物中草药添加剂对奶牛生产性能的影响[J].内蒙古民族大学学报(自然科学版),2005,20(5):533-536
[4]王加启.牛奶成分的合成机理、影响因素和营养途径的调控[J].草食家畜,1994,04:59-62
[5]欧阳五庆主编.动物生理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2006,383-392
[6]周鼎年.营养对牛奶成分的影响[J].中国奶牛,2001,05:52-54
[7]王孟琳,张卫华,赵宗辽等.针刺对乳腺增生大鼠乳腺细胞超微结构的影响[J].辽宁中医杂志,2007,34(9):1333-1334
[8]宋敏,苏若萍,高英贤,宋继谒.乳腺导管非典型增生上皮细胞的超微结构研究[J].中国医科大学学报,2001,30(5):331-336
[9]Tsuchiya S.Electron microscopic studies on human breast-evaluation of tumor cells forming intracytoplasmic lumina[J].J.Chin.Electron Micros.,1980,13:7-12
[10]Wesland JM.Diagnostic problems in breast pathology:the benefit of ultrastructural and immunocytochemical analysis[J].Ultrastruct.Pathol.,1987,11:293-297
[11]Sobrinho-Simoes M.The diagnostic significance of intracytoplasmic lumina in metastastic neoplasma[J].Ultrastruct.Pathol.,1981,2:327-331.
[12]曹正国,李成章,刘小平,吴献群.中草药黄芩苷对人牙周膜细胞增殖和总蛋白含量的影响[J].口腔医学研究,2003,19(1):10-12
[13]邸美仙,李应东,刘凯.当归注射液对血管紧张素Ⅱ致乳鼠心肌细胞肥大的影响[J].中医药信息,2007,24(2):51-52
[14]闫萍,牛勃,张悦红.蚯蚓提取物中蛋白质含量测定方法的研究[J].中国生化药物研究,2007,28(1):27-29
[15]Bradford MM.A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram of protein utilizing the principle of protein dye binding[J].Anal.Biochem.,1976,72:248-254
[16]汪家政,范明.蛋白质技术手册[M].北京:科学出版社,2000:42-47
[17]Chor SY,Hui AY,To KF,Chan KK,et al.Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of herbal medicine on hepatic stellate cell[J].Journal of ethnopharmacology,2005,100:180-186
[18]Gong W,Pecci A,Roth S,Lahme B,Beato M,et al.Transformation -dependent susceptibility of rat hepatic stellate cells to apoptosis induced by soluble Fas ligand[J].Hepatology,1998,28:492-502
[19]常碧影,梁冬生,阎惠文,左江湾.氨基酸分析技术的研究进展[J].分析化学,1993,21(10):1220-1227
[20]伍红,黄友鹰,陈炼红,艾敏.牦牛及犏牛奶蛋白质和氨基酸含量分析[J].西南民族学院学报(自然科学版),1997,23(2):162-164
[21]苏天运,王梅英,王仲文,王民路.中华按蚊与淡色库蚊血淋巴游离氨基酸分析[J].动物学报,1993,39(2):219-221
[22]Gibson CA,Vega JR,Baumrucker CR,et al.Establishment and characterization of bovine mammary epithelial cell lines[J].In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology,1991,27A(7):585-594
[23]Heegard CE,Wllite JH,Zavizion B,Thmer JD and Politis I.Production of various forms of Plasminogen activator and Plasminogen activator inhibitor by cultured mammary epithelial cells[J].Dairy Sci.,1994,77:2949-2958
[24]Emerman JT,Enami J,Pitelka DR,Nandi S.Hormonal effects on intracellular and secreted casein in cultures of mouse mammary epithelial cells on floating collagen membranes[J].Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,1977,74(10):4466-4470
[25]Goodman GT,Akers RM,Friderici KH,Tucker HA.Hormonal regulation of alpha-lactalbumin secretion from bovine mammary tissue cultured in vitro[J].Endocrinology,1983,112(4):1324-1330
[26]Pauloin A,Delpal S,Chanat E,et al.Differently affects basal and prolactin-situlated milk protein secretion in lactating rabbit mammary epithelial cells[J].European Journal of Cell Biology,1997,72:324-336
[27]Boris Z,Marilyn VD,Waren S,et al.Establishment and charaeterization of bovine mammary epithelial cell line unique properties in vitro cell[J].J.Dev.Bioi.,1996,32:138-148
[28]Bullock LP,Barthe PZ,Mowazowicz I,Orth DN,Bardin W.The effects of progestins on submaxillary gland epidermal growth factor,demonstration of androgenic,synandrogienic and antiandrogenic actions[J].Endocrinology,1975,97:189
[29]Talhouk RS,Neiswander RL,Schanbacher FL.Morphological and functional differentiation of cryopreserved lactating bovine mammary cells cultured on floating collagen gels[J].Tissue Cell,1993,25(6):799-816
[30]Shannon JM,Pitelka DR.The influence of cell shape on the induction of functional differentiation in mouse mammary cells in vitro[J].In Vitro,1981,17(11):1016-1028
[31]Sasaki T,Enami J.Hormone-dependent expression of gamma-casein mRNA in mouse mammary epithelial cells cultured on floating collagen gels[J].Zool Sci.,1996,13(4):587-591
[32]Lamote I,Meyer E,Massart-Le"en AM,et al.Sex steroids an growth factors in the regulation of mammary gland proliferation differentiation,and involution[J].Steroids,2004,69:145-159
[33]Di HS(狄和双),Du J(杜娟),Wang LG(王利刚),et al.Comparative study on in vitro stationary culture systemor superfusion culture system of cow mammary tissue[J].Chinese Journal of Biotechnology(生物工程学报),2006,22(6):1040-1046
[34]Chepko G,Smith GH.Mammary epithelial stem cells:our current understanding[J].Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia,1999,4(1):35-52
[35]Ebner KE,Hoover CR,Hageman EC,Larson BL.Cultivation and properties of bovine mammary cell cultures[J].Exp.Cell Res.,1961,23:373-385
[36]Ahn JY,Aoki N,Adachi T,Mizuno Y,Nakamura R,Matsuda T.Isolation and culture of bovine mammary epithelial cells and establishment of gene transfection conditions in the cell[J].Biosci.Biotechnol Biochem.,1995,59(1):59-64
[37]Hovey RC,Trott JF,Vonderhaar BK.Establishing a framework for the functional mammary gland:from endocrinology to morphology[J].Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia,2002,7(1):17-38
[38]陆东林,张丹凤,刘新丽.牛奶中的氨基酸含量及其营养价值[J].新疆畜牧业,2001,4:12-14
[39]颜贻谦,顾锦法、周振华.牛初乳提取物“乳珍”的氨基酸分析[J].氨基酸杂志,1989,4:35-36
[40]史清河.奶牛氨基酸营养与乳蛋白含量和产量的关系[J].中国饲料,2000,8:16-18
[41]王小龙,杨章平,武秀香,尹召华,吴旭.荷斯坦奶牛体型线性评定与其产奶量、乳脂率及乳蛋白的相关性分析[J].遗传育种,2007,43(5):6-8
[42]Mercier JC,Gaye P.Early events in secretion of main milk proteins:occurrence of precursors[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1982,65:299-316
[43]Bequette BJ,Backwell FRC,Dhanoa MS,Walker A,Calder AG,et al.Kinetics of blood free and milk casein-amino acid labeling in the dairy goat at two stages of lactation[J].Br.J.Nutr.,1994,72(2):211-220
[44]Bequette BJ,Backwell FRC,Calder JA,Metealf DE,Beever JC,MacRae GE.Application of a U-13C-labeled amino acid tracer lactating dairy goats for simultaneous measurements of the flux of amino acids in plasma and the partition of amino acid to the mammary gland[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1997,80(11):2842-2853
[45]David J.Sehingoeth.Balancing the amino acid needs of the dairy cow[J].Animal Feed Scienee Technology,1996,60:153-160
[46]Hanigan MD,Calvert CC,DePeters EJ,Reis BL,Baldwin RL.Whole blood and Plasma amino acid uptakes by lactating bovine mammary glands[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1991,74:2484-2490
[47]Erdmann B,and Breter H.Irregular distribution of mammary-derived growth inhibitor in the bovine mammary epithelium[J].Cezz Tissue Res.,1993,272:383-389
[48]Robinson PH,Chalupa W,Sniffen CJ,Julien WE,Sato H,Fujieda T,Watanbe K,Suzuki H.Influence of postruminal supplementation of methionine and lysine,isoleucine,or all three amino acids on intake and chewing behavior,ruminal fermentation,and milk and milk component production[J].J.Anim.Sci.,1999,77(10):2781-2792
[49]Xu S,Harrison JH,Chalupa W,Sniffen C,Julien W,Sato H,Fujieda T,Watanabe K,Ueda T,Suzeki H.The effect of ruminal bypass lysine and methionine on milk yield and composition of lactating cows[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1998,81(4):1062-1077
[50]Nichols JR,Schigoethe DJ,Maiga HA,Brouk MJ and piepenbrink MS.Evaluation of corn distillers and ruminally protected lysine and methionine for lactating dairy cows[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1998,81:482-491
[51]Zhao XJ.Establishment of an in vitro culture system of mammary glands from lactating cows and effects of methionine on the gene expression of asl-casein[D].Master thesis,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou.Zhejiang,2004
[52]杨金勇,吴跃明,刘建新.蛋氨酸和蛋氨酸二肽对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞酪蛋白a_(sl)基因表达的影响[J].农业生物技术,2007,15(1):24-27
[53]Wu DM,Wanda L Keller and Chung S Park.Lipotropes alter casein gene expression in bovine mammary acinar culture [J]. Journal of Nutrition Biochemistry, 1999,10:455-457
[54] Bequette BJ,Bacwell FRC, Kyle CE, Calder AG, Buchan V, et al. Vascular sources of phenylalanino, tyrosine ,lysine, and methionine for casein synthesis in lactating goats[J]. J. Dairy Sci., 1999,82: 362-377
[55] Mackle TR, Dwyer DA, Ingvartsen KL, Chouinard PY, Ross DA. Evaluation of whole blood and plsma in the interorgan supply of free amino acids for the mammary gland of lactating dairy cows[J]. J. Dairy Sci., 2000, 83:1300-1309
[56] Haniganw MD, Cromptonz L A, Bequette BJ. Modelling mammary metablolism in the dairy cow to predict milk constituent yield, with emphasis on amino acid metabolism and milk protein production: model evaluation [J]. J. Theor. Biol.,2002, 217(3):311-330
[57] Jackson SC, Bryson JM, Wang H, Hurley WL. Cellular uptake of valine by lactating porcine mammary tissue[J]. J. Anim. Sci., 2000, 78(11): 2927-2932
[58] Pan Y, Bender PK, Akers RM, Webb KE. Methionine-containing peptides can be used as methionine sources for protein accretion in cultured C2C12 and MAC-T cells[J]. J. Nutr., 1996,126(1): 38-46
[59] Jensen J, et al. The composition of milk fat [J]. J. Dairy Sci., 1991, 74: 3228-3243
[60] Wilks DL, Coppock CE, Brooks KN. Effects of differences in starch content of diets with whole cottonseed or rice bran on milk casein [J]. J. Dairy Sci., 1991,1314-1320
[61] Aston K, Thomas C, Daley SR a/ Sutton JD. Milk production from grass silage diets: Effects of compositon of supplementary concentrates [J]. Animal Prod., 1994, 59: 335-344
[62] Smoler E, Beever DE, Lomax MA, Humphries DJ , Perrot G, Waters J. The effect of changing the carbohydrate composition of the concentrate component of the diet of grass silage fed cows on milk yield and composition [J]. Animal Sci., 1995, 50:556-560
[63] Hanigan MD, Cant JP, Weakley DC, Beckett JL. An evaluation of postabsorptive protein and amino acid metabolism in the lactating dairy cow [J]. J. Dairy Sci., 1998, 81(12):3385-3401
[64] 金国粹主译.乳牛学[M]. 农业出版社, 1986: 160-167
[1]秦宜德,邹思湘.乳蛋白的主要组分及其研究现状[J].生物学杂志,2003,20(2):5-7
[2]李小晖.牛乳中酪蛋白的结构特性及其应用[J].食品工业,2002,1:29-31
[3]Doppler W,et al.Prolactin and glucocorticoid hormones control transcription of the β-casein gene by kinetically distinct mechanism[J].Mol.Endocrinol,1990,4:912-920
[4]Meadle H,Gates L,Lacy E,et al.Bovine a_(sl)-casein gene sequences direct high level expression of active human urokinase in mouse milk[J].Bio.Technology,1990,8:443-452
[5]Schmitt-Ney M,Doppler W,Ball R K,et al.β-casein gene promoter activity is regulated by the hormone-mediated relief of transcriptional repression and a mammary-gland-specific nuclear factor [J].Mol.Cell Biol.,1991,11:3745-3753
[6]Levay PF,Viljoen M.Lactoferrin:a general review[J].Haematologica,1995,80(3):252-267
[7]唐传核,曹劲松,潘彬全,彭志英.乳铁蛋白最新研究进展[J].中国乳品工业,2000,28(3):14-17
[8]Beljaars L,Wiegmans FC,Harmsen MC,et al.Inhibition of cytomegalovirus infection by lactoferrin in vitro and in vivo[J].Antiviral Res.,2004,63(3):197-208
[9]van Berkel PH,Welling MM,Geerts M,et al.Large scale production of recombinant human lactoferrin in the milk of transgenic cows[J].Nat.Biotechnol,2002,(20):484-487
[10]Xiao Y,Monitto CL,Khalid M,et al.Lactoferrin downregulates Clcyclin-dependent kinases during growth arrest of head and neck cancer cells[J].Clin.Cancer Res.,2004,10(24):8683-8686
[11]朱水芳主编.实时荧光聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测技术[M].北京:中国计量出版社,2003:44-50
[12]金冬雁,黍孟枫编译.分子克隆试验指南[M].(第2版)北京:科学出版社,1992:366-367
[13]Schmitz S,Pfaffl MW,Meyer HHD,Bruckmaier RM.Short-term changes of mRNA expression of various inflammatory factors and milk proteins in mammary tissue during LPS-induced mastitis[J].Domestic.Animal Endocrinology,2004,26:111-126
[14]Pfaffl MW,Wittmann SL,Meyer HHD,and Bruckmaier RM.Gene expression of immunologically important factors in blood cells,milk cells,and mammary tissue of cows[J].J.Dairy Sci.,2003,86:538-545
[15]Kenneth J.Livak and Thomas D.Schmittgen.Analysis of relative gene expression data using Real-Time quantitative PCR and the 2~(-△△CT) method[J].Method,2001,25:402-408
[16]Sarict,Shain SA.Semi-quantitative RT-PCR enhancement of assay accuracy and reproducibility[J].Biotechniques,1997,1:630-634,636
[17]林成招,张彦明,邹思湘,陈伟华.牛乳铁蛋白酶联免疫吸附分析方法(ELISA)的建立[J].中国乳品工业,2003,31(4):44-47
[18]张月云.牛乳腺上皮细胞中β-酪蛋白的检测[D].新疆农业大学硕士学位论文,2004,17-23
[19]张涛,庞广昌.酶联免疫快速测定原料乳中κ-酪蛋白含量[J].食品工业科技,2006,27(11):179-181
[20]卢蓉蓉,孙震,许时英等.乳铁蛋白的免疫化学分析法-酶联免疫吸附测定法[J].食品科学,2002,23(4):102-104
[21]焦奎,张书圣主编.酶联免疫分析技术及应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004:74-80
[22]杨利国等编著.酶免疫测定技术[M].南京:南京大学出版社,1998:221-234
[23]Rejman JJ,Hurley WL,Barhr JM.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of bovine lactoferrin and a 39-kilodahon protein found in mammary secretion during involution[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1989,72:555-560
[24]Tsuda H,Sekine K,Ushida Y,et al.Milk and dairy products in cancer,prevention:focus on bovine lactoferrin[J].Mulal Res.,2000,462(2-3):227-233
[25]Katrina EG,Bert B,Rachel S C,et al.A novel cell culture model for studying differentiation and apoptosis in the mouse mammary gland[J].Breast Cancer Res.,2000,2(3):222-235
[26]Wheeler TT,Callaghan MR,Davis SR,et al.Milk protein synthesis,gene expression,and hormonal responsiveness in primary cultures of mammary cells from lactating sheep[J].Exp.Cell Res.,1995,217(2):346-354
[27]Huynh HT,Robitaille G,Tuner JD.Establishment of bovine mammary epithelial cells(MAC-T):an in vitro model for bovine lactation[J].Exp.Cell Res.,1991,197(2):191-199
[28]D.L.柏奇等著,金国粹等译.乳牛学[M].北京:农业出版社,1988:223-232
[29]周顺伍主编.动物生物化学[M].中国农业出版社,1999:213-220
[30]李健,李庆章.小鼠乳腺发育、泌乳和退化的组织形态学(Ⅱ)-超微组织形态学变化和β-酪蛋白分泌[J].东北农业大学学报,2007,38(3):374-379
[31]Vorherr H.The breast:Morphology,physiology and lactation[M].New York,Academic Press,1974
[32]Gary BS.Postnatal mammary gland morhpogenesis[J].Microsc.Res.Tech.,2001,52:155-162
[33]Mepham TB and Linzell JL.A quantitative assessment of the contribution of individual plasma amino acids to the synthesis of milk proteins by the goat mammary gland[J].J.Biochem.,1966,101:76-83
[34]Mepham TB and Linzell JL.Effects of intramammary arterial infusion of nonessential amino acids and glucose in the lactating goat[J].J.Dairy Res.,1974,41:111
[35]Davis SR,Bickerstaffe R and Hart DS.Amino acids uptake by the mammary gland of the lactation ewe[J].Aust.J.Biol.Sci.,1978,31:123-132
[36]Madsen TG,Nielsen L,Nielsen M O.Mammary uptake of amino acids in response to dietary supple mentation of rumen protected lysine and methionine in early lactating dairy goats[J].J.Dairy Sci.,2003,81:70-74
[37]Bequtte BJ,Backwell FRC,et al.Application of a U-carbon-13-labelled amino acid tracer in lactating dairy goats for simultaneous measurements of the flux of amino acids in plasma and the partition of amino acids to the mammary gland[J].J.Dairy Sci.,1997,80:2842-2853
[38]祝小玲,祝彼得.黄芪注射液对小鼠骨髓细胞增殖周期的影响[J].中药材,2000,10(23):625-627
[39]吴建新,蒋莹,严永清.黄芪、当归及其配伍对大鼠血小板聚集和血小板中cAMP、cGMP 的影响[J].中药药理与临床,1992,8(1):16-22
[40]葛长荣,曹正辉,苏子峰.天然植物提取物在动物生产中的应用及研究[J].饲料研究,2005(6):21-24