太湖鲢、鳙、翘嘴鲌、大银鱼放流效果初步研究
|
摘要
太湖是我国五大淡水湖泊之一，为了改善太湖水质和鱼类种质资源结构，近年来太湖开展了较大规模的鱼类放流工作。本文以太湖放流的主要鱼类鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)、翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)、大银鱼(Protosalanx chinensis)为研究对象，通过现场调查和历史资料统计分析，取得主要研究结果如下：
1、对太湖鲢、鳙、翘嘴鲌、大银鱼等的历年放流数量和渔获量统计数据分析结果显示：2008~2011年间，鲢、鳙、银鱼渔获量随放流量增加而显著增加，且影响着主要鱼类的种群数量结构，太湖鲢鳙与梅鲚及银鱼渔获量间均存在着正相关关系但不显著(r=0.426, P>0.05; r=0.380, P>0.05)；翘嘴鲌与银鱼的渔获量间存在显著正相关关系(r=0.673, P<0.05)，而与梅鲚渔获量间存在显著负相关关系(r=-0.560, P<0.05)。因此，太湖鲢、鳙、翘嘴鲌、大银鱼放流对优化主要鱼类的种群数量结构产生了一定作用。
2、对太湖鲢、鳙食性的研究结果显示：9月份太湖鲢、鳙的肠内含物中浮游植物和浮游动物分别占食物数量的89.1%、70.6%和10.9%、29.4%，其中蓝藻分别占74.5%、56.0%。鲢、鳙对蓝藻的选择性指数分别为1.42、1.07，对轮虫和原生动物的选择性指数分别为0.13、1.27和1.30、0.40。表明太湖鲢、鳙的主要食物是蓝藻。通过对近年来鲢鳙渔获量与太湖水质理化因子间的相关分析发现，鲢鳙渔获量与TP、TN有负相关关系但不显著(r=-0.4763, P>0.05; r=-0.3679, P>0.05)，与Chl.a、CODMn均表现出显著负相关关系(r=-0.7230, P<0.05; r=-0.6797, P<0.05)。因此，放流鲢、鳙对降低太湖水体的TP、TN、有机质含量以及控制蓝藻生物量具有积极作用。
3、2012年5~11月份通过对太湖鲢、鳙、翘嘴鲌、大银鱼的体长、体重生长抽样调查，得到该4种鱼的体长与体重关系式分别为：W1.510~(-5)L3.0488(鲢)、W3.010~(-5)L2.9244(鳙)、W2.010~(-5)L2.8819(翘嘴鲌)、W2.710~(-3)L3.1175(大银鱼)，b值均接近3，属于均匀生长类型。该4种鱼体重快速生长的年龄拐点分别为：4.03龄(鲢)、4.29龄(鳙)、5.06龄(翘嘴鲌)、10.7月龄(大银鱼)；该4种鱼加速生长的年龄、体长、体重拐点分别为：1.73龄、27.35cm、0.36kg (鲢)；1.65龄、27.37cm、0.47kg (鳙)；1.31龄、22.07cm、0.15kg (翘嘴鲌)；3.42月龄、6.54cm、0.76g (大银鱼)。
4、2012年2~11月份对太湖国家水产种质资源保护区及其周边不同水域的环境状况初步调查结果显示：保护区水质总体状况好于其周边不同水域。保护区浮游植物、浮游动物多样性指数和均匀度分别为3.06、3.07和0.52、0.51，达到轻污染或无污染水质标准，水质营养状态指数为29.56处于贫营养状态，TN和TP含量分别为0.486±0.017mg/L和0.021±0.001mg/L，处于Ⅱ类水质标准，水生植物密度为1058.28±20.6g/m2。表明保护区为银鱼、翘嘴鲌的生长、繁殖提供了良好的水质、水草等环境条件。
Taihu Lake is one of largest freshwater lakes in China, many large releasing worksin recent years have been launched to improve the water quality and the germplasmresource of fish in Taihu Lake. This paper focus primarily on the four major releasedfishes: H. molitrix, A. nobilis, C. alburnus, P. chinensis, employing field investigationand historical data, the main results as follows:
1. The statistics results of historical number released and caught of H. molitrix, A.nobilis, C. alburnus, P. chinensis showed that: during2008to2011, the caught of thesefour released fishes increased significantly with the released number, and the releasednumber affect the population and structures of main fishes. The caught number of H.molitrix and A. nobilis had a positive correlation with C. ectenes and P. chinensis, butthe relationship is not significant (r=0.426, P>0.05; r=0.380, P>0.05). The caughtnumber of C. alburnus had a significantly positive correlation with the caught numberof P. chinensis (r=0.673, P<0.05), while the correlation between the caught numbers ofC. ectenes and C. alburnus was significantly negative (r=-0.560, P<0.05). Therefore,the releasing of H. molitrix, A. nobilis, C. alburnus, P. chinensis has pronounced effectson optimization population and structure of the main fishes.
2. The feeding habits of H. molitrix and A. nobilis in Taihu Lake were studied here,it shows that: In September, the percentages of the phytoplankton and zooplankton intotal fed quantity contained in the intestinal of H. molitrix and A. nobilis in Taihu Lakewere89.1%or70.6%and10.9%or29.4%, respectively, and the percentage ofcyanobacteria was74.5%or56%. The selective index of cyanobacteria for H. molitrixand A. nobilis was1.42or1.07, and that of cladocerans and rotifers were0.13or1.27and1.30or0.40, respectively. H. molitrix and A. nobilis feed chiefly on cyanobacteria in Taihu Lake. The analysis of the relationships between the caught number of H.molitrix and A. nobilis and physicochemical properties of the water in Taihu Lakedemonstrated that, the caught numbers of H. molitrix and A. nobilis had a negativecorrelation with TP and TN, however it not reached significant level (r=-0.4763, P>0.05;r=-0.3679, P>0.05), indeed, it had a significantly negative correlation with Chl.a andCODMn(r=-0.7230, P<0.05; r=-0.6797, P<0.05). So the releasing of H. molitrix and A.nobilis plays an active role in reducing the TP, TN, organic matter contents and thecyanobacteria biomass.
3. From May to November in2012, the body length and body weight of the fourreleased fishes, H. molitrix, A. nobilis, C. alburnus, P. chinensis, were studied bysampling survey, the length and weight relationship of the four species wereW=1.5×10~(-5)L3.0488(H. molitrix); W=3.0×10~(-5)L2.9244(A. nobilis); W=2.0×10~(-5)L2.8819(C.alburnus); W=2.7×10~(-3)L3.1175(P. chinensis), and b value approximate to3, it indicatedthat the four species were uniform growth. The inflection point age of body weightrapid growth of the four species were4.03year old (H. molitrix),4.29year old (A.nobilis),5.06year old (C. alburnus),10.7mouth old (P. chinensis). The inflection pointage, body length, body weight of accelerated increment of the four species were:1.73year old,27.35cm,0.36kg (H. molitrix);1.65year old,27.37cm,0.47kg (A. nobilis);1.31year old,22.07cm,0.15kg (C. alburnus);3.42month old,6.54cm,0.76g (P.chinensis).
4. A preliminary investigation of environmental condition of the germplasmresource protection area of Taihu Lake and its surrounding water areas had beenconducted from February to November in2012, the results showed: the water quality ofprotection area is better than that of surrounding water areas, which had reached thestandard of non-polluted or lightly-polluted levels, of which the diversity index andevenness index of phytoplankton and zooplankton were3.06or3.07and0.52or0.51respectively, furthermore, the water nutrition state index was29.56, was oligotrophic;and the concentration of TN and TP were0.486±0.017mg/L and0.021±0.001mg/L,respectively, the same as the second class of the national water quality standard;additionally, the waterweeds density was1058.28±20.6g/m2. These results might imply that the germplasm protection area of Taihu Lake give the promise of good waterquality and waterweeds condition for the growth and reproduction of C. alburnus and P.chinensis.
1、对太湖鲢、鳙、翘嘴鲌、大银鱼等的历年放流数量和渔获量统计数据分析结果显示：2008~2011年间，鲢、鳙、银鱼渔获量随放流量增加而显著增加，且影响着主要鱼类的种群数量结构，太湖鲢鳙与梅鲚及银鱼渔获量间均存在着正相关关系但不显著(r=0.426, P>0.05; r=0.380, P>0.05)；翘嘴鲌与银鱼的渔获量间存在显著正相关关系(r=0.673, P<0.05)，而与梅鲚渔获量间存在显著负相关关系(r=-0.560, P<0.05)。因此，太湖鲢、鳙、翘嘴鲌、大银鱼放流对优化主要鱼类的种群数量结构产生了一定作用。
2、对太湖鲢、鳙食性的研究结果显示：9月份太湖鲢、鳙的肠内含物中浮游植物和浮游动物分别占食物数量的89.1%、70.6%和10.9%、29.4%，其中蓝藻分别占74.5%、56.0%。鲢、鳙对蓝藻的选择性指数分别为1.42、1.07，对轮虫和原生动物的选择性指数分别为0.13、1.27和1.30、0.40。表明太湖鲢、鳙的主要食物是蓝藻。通过对近年来鲢鳙渔获量与太湖水质理化因子间的相关分析发现，鲢鳙渔获量与TP、TN有负相关关系但不显著(r=-0.4763, P>0.05; r=-0.3679, P>0.05)，与Chl.a、CODMn均表现出显著负相关关系(r=-0.7230, P<0.05; r=-0.6797, P<0.05)。因此，放流鲢、鳙对降低太湖水体的TP、TN、有机质含量以及控制蓝藻生物量具有积极作用。
3、2012年5~11月份通过对太湖鲢、鳙、翘嘴鲌、大银鱼的体长、体重生长抽样调查，得到该4种鱼的体长与体重关系式分别为：W1.510~(-5)L3.0488(鲢)、W3.010~(-5)L2.9244(鳙)、W2.010~(-5)L2.8819(翘嘴鲌)、W2.710~(-3)L3.1175(大银鱼)，b值均接近3，属于均匀生长类型。该4种鱼体重快速生长的年龄拐点分别为：4.03龄(鲢)、4.29龄(鳙)、5.06龄(翘嘴鲌)、10.7月龄(大银鱼)；该4种鱼加速生长的年龄、体长、体重拐点分别为：1.73龄、27.35cm、0.36kg (鲢)；1.65龄、27.37cm、0.47kg (鳙)；1.31龄、22.07cm、0.15kg (翘嘴鲌)；3.42月龄、6.54cm、0.76g (大银鱼)。
4、2012年2~11月份对太湖国家水产种质资源保护区及其周边不同水域的环境状况初步调查结果显示：保护区水质总体状况好于其周边不同水域。保护区浮游植物、浮游动物多样性指数和均匀度分别为3.06、3.07和0.52、0.51，达到轻污染或无污染水质标准，水质营养状态指数为29.56处于贫营养状态，TN和TP含量分别为0.486±0.017mg/L和0.021±0.001mg/L，处于Ⅱ类水质标准，水生植物密度为1058.28±20.6g/m2。表明保护区为银鱼、翘嘴鲌的生长、繁殖提供了良好的水质、水草等环境条件。
Taihu Lake is one of largest freshwater lakes in China, many large releasing worksin recent years have been launched to improve the water quality and the germplasmresource of fish in Taihu Lake. This paper focus primarily on the four major releasedfishes: H. molitrix, A. nobilis, C. alburnus, P. chinensis, employing field investigationand historical data, the main results as follows:
1. The statistics results of historical number released and caught of H. molitrix, A.nobilis, C. alburnus, P. chinensis showed that: during2008to2011, the caught of thesefour released fishes increased significantly with the released number, and the releasednumber affect the population and structures of main fishes. The caught number of H.molitrix and A. nobilis had a positive correlation with C. ectenes and P. chinensis, butthe relationship is not significant (r=0.426, P>0.05; r=0.380, P>0.05). The caughtnumber of C. alburnus had a significantly positive correlation with the caught numberof P. chinensis (r=0.673, P<0.05), while the correlation between the caught numbers ofC. ectenes and C. alburnus was significantly negative (r=-0.560, P<0.05). Therefore,the releasing of H. molitrix, A. nobilis, C. alburnus, P. chinensis has pronounced effectson optimization population and structure of the main fishes.
2. The feeding habits of H. molitrix and A. nobilis in Taihu Lake were studied here,it shows that: In September, the percentages of the phytoplankton and zooplankton intotal fed quantity contained in the intestinal of H. molitrix and A. nobilis in Taihu Lakewere89.1%or70.6%and10.9%or29.4%, respectively, and the percentage ofcyanobacteria was74.5%or56%. The selective index of cyanobacteria for H. molitrixand A. nobilis was1.42or1.07, and that of cladocerans and rotifers were0.13or1.27and1.30or0.40, respectively. H. molitrix and A. nobilis feed chiefly on cyanobacteria in Taihu Lake. The analysis of the relationships between the caught number of H.molitrix and A. nobilis and physicochemical properties of the water in Taihu Lakedemonstrated that, the caught numbers of H. molitrix and A. nobilis had a negativecorrelation with TP and TN, however it not reached significant level (r=-0.4763, P>0.05;r=-0.3679, P>0.05), indeed, it had a significantly negative correlation with Chl.a andCODMn(r=-0.7230, P<0.05; r=-0.6797, P<0.05). So the releasing of H. molitrix and A.nobilis plays an active role in reducing the TP, TN, organic matter contents and thecyanobacteria biomass.
3. From May to November in2012, the body length and body weight of the fourreleased fishes, H. molitrix, A. nobilis, C. alburnus, P. chinensis, were studied bysampling survey, the length and weight relationship of the four species wereW=1.5×10~(-5)L3.0488(H. molitrix); W=3.0×10~(-5)L2.9244(A. nobilis); W=2.0×10~(-5)L2.8819(C.alburnus); W=2.7×10~(-3)L3.1175(P. chinensis), and b value approximate to3, it indicatedthat the four species were uniform growth. The inflection point age of body weightrapid growth of the four species were4.03year old (H. molitrix),4.29year old (A.nobilis),5.06year old (C. alburnus),10.7mouth old (P. chinensis). The inflection pointage, body length, body weight of accelerated increment of the four species were:1.73year old,27.35cm,0.36kg (H. molitrix);1.65year old,27.37cm,0.47kg (A. nobilis);1.31year old,22.07cm,0.15kg (C. alburnus);3.42month old,6.54cm,0.76g (P.chinensis).
4. A preliminary investigation of environmental condition of the germplasmresource protection area of Taihu Lake and its surrounding water areas had beenconducted from February to November in2012, the results showed: the water quality ofprotection area is better than that of surrounding water areas, which had reached thestandard of non-polluted or lightly-polluted levels, of which the diversity index andevenness index of phytoplankton and zooplankton were3.06or3.07and0.52or0.51respectively, furthermore, the water nutrition state index was29.56, was oligotrophic;and the concentration of TN and TP were0.486±0.017mg/L and0.021±0.001mg/L,respectively, the same as the second class of the national water quality standard;additionally, the waterweeds density was1058.28±20.6g/m2. These results might imply that the germplasm protection area of Taihu Lake give the promise of good waterquality and waterweeds condition for the growth and reproduction of C. alburnus and P.chinensis.
引文
[1]邓景耀,叶昌臣.渔业资源学[M].重庆:重庆科学出版社,2001
[2] Aprahamian M W, Martin Smith K, McGinnity P, et al. Restocking ofsalmonids—opportunities and limitations[J]. Fisheries Research,2003,62(2):211-227
[3] Cowx I G. An appraisal of stocking strategies in the light of developing countryconstraints[J]. Fisheries Management and Ecology,1999,6(1):21-34
[4]王利民,胡慧建,王丁,等.江湖阻隔对涨渡湖区鱼类资源的生态影响[J].长江流域资源与环境,2005,14(3):287-292
[5] Mills D. Strategies for the rehabilitation of salmon rivers[C]. The Linnean Society,London.1991,109-121
[6] Kajak Z, Rybak J, Spodniewska I, et al. Influence of the planktonivorous fishHypophthalmichthys molitrix(Val.)on the plankton and benthos of the eutrophiclake[J]. Pol Arch Hydrobiol,1975,22(2):301-310
[7] Masuda R, Tsukamoto K. Stock enhancement in Japan: review and perspective[J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1998,62(2):337-358
[8] Chen B. Study of seed production and stock enhancement technologies of the blackrockfish Sebastes schlegelii based on physiological and ecologicalcharacteristics[D]. Kyoto University,2009
[9]危起伟,杨德国,吴湘香.世界鱼类资源增殖放流概况[C].水电水利建设项目水环境与水生生态保护技术政策研讨会论文集,2006,457-467
[10]李延森,邱秀兰.韩国渔业增殖放流的发展与措施[J].中国水产,2008,8:28-29
[11]孙菁煜.淀山湖鱼类增殖放流效果初步评价[D].上海海洋大学,2008
[12]倪勇,朱成德.太湖鱼类志[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2005
[13]李宪栋.山东半岛南部中国对虾放流增殖效果评估[D].中国农业科学院,2012
[14]徐炳庆.山东近海中国对虾增殖放流的研究[D].上海海洋大学,2011
[15]周永东,王永顺,黄鸣夏.浙江近海海域海蜇的增殖放流[J].浙江海洋学院学报,2004,23(1):28-30
[16]梁君,王伟定,林桂装,等.浙江舟山人工生境水域日本黄姑鱼和黑鲷的增殖放流效果及评估[J].中国水产科学,2010,17(5):1075-1084
[17]董智勇.中街山列岛曼氏无针乌贼增殖放流、产卵场修复及效果分析[D].浙江海洋学院,2010
[18]陆伟民,童合一.太湖人工放流鲢、鳙效果的研究[J].上海水产大学学报,1994,3(3):112-120
[19]孙峰德.海蜇增殖放流效益显著[J].河北渔业,2008,5:30-31
[20]刘莉莉,万荣,段媛媛,等.山东省海洋渔业资源增殖放流及其渔业效益[J].海洋湖沼通报,2008,4:91-98
[21]叶宁,杨峰,叶健欣,等.红树林海区鱼类资源增殖放流效果调查[J].吉首大学学报(自然科学版),2010,31(1):104-109
[22]何俊,谷孝鸿,王小林,等.太湖鱼类放流增殖的有效数量和合理结构[J].湖泊科学,2012,24(1):104-110
[23]李继龙,王国伟,杨文波,等.国外渔业资源增殖放流状况及其对我国的启示[J].中国渔业经济,2009,3(27):111-123
[24]梅春,任一平,徐宾铎,等.崂山湾日本对虾增殖放流效果的初步研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2010,40(9):45-50
[25]史建全.浅谈渔业资源增殖放流[J].青海科技,2009,16(3):21-22
[26]谢平.鲢、鳙与藻类水华控制[M].北京:科学出版社,2003
[27]吴晓春.浅谈我国水生生物资源养护事业的开启与发展[J].中国水产,2009,6:4-7
[28]施陈江.东太湖、阳澄西湖外源污染物通量及增殖放流的生态、经济效益[D].苏州大学,2011
[29]薛聪顺.樟溪河细鳞斜颌鲴的人工繁育、养殖与增殖放流研究[D].宁波大学,2011
[30] Molony B W, Lenanton R, Jackson G, et al. Stock enhancement as a fisheriesmanagement tool[J]. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries,2003,13(4):409-432
[31] Stottrup J G, Sparrevohn C R. Can stock enhancement enhance stocks?[J]. Journalof Sea Research,2007,57(2):104-113
[32]陈丕茂.渔业资源增殖放流效果评估方法的研究[J].南方水产,2006,2(1):1-4
[33] Drawbridge M A, Kent D B, Shane M A, et al. The assessment of marine stockenhancement in southern California: A case study involving the white seabass[J].American Fisheries Society Symposium,1995,15:568-569
[34]赵峰,庄平,章龙珍,等.应用于中华鲟的Pop-up标志固定方法[J].动物学杂志,2010,45(5):68-71
[35]李伟亚.利用分子标记评估中国对虾放流效果研究[D].上海海洋大学,2012
[36] Obata Y, Imai H, Kitakado T, et al. The contribution of stocked mud crabs Scyllaparamamosain commercial catches in Japan, estimated using a genetic stockidentification technique[J]. Fisheries research,2006,80(1):113-121
[37] Gonzalez E B, Nagasawa K, Umino T. Stock enhancement program for black seabream(Acanthopagrus schlegelii) in Hiroshima Bay: Monitoring the geneticeffects[J]. Aquaculture,2008,276(1):36-43
[38]潘绪伟,杨林林,纪炜炜,等.增殖放流技术研究进展[J].江苏农业科学,2010,4:236-240
[39]周军,李怡群,张海鹏,等.中国对虾增殖放流跟踪调查与效果评估[J].河北渔业,2006,7:27-30
[40]沈新强,周永东.长江口、杭州湾海域渔业资源增殖放流与效果评估[J].渔业现代化,2007,34(4):54-57
[41]范延琛.崂山湾日本对虾增殖放流效果评估与古镇口湾褐牙鲆增殖放流的初步研究[D].中国海洋大学,2009
[42]刘恩生,鲍传和,曹萍,等.太湖鲢、鳙的食物组成及渔获量变化原因分析[J].水利渔业,2007,27(4):72-74
[43]许品诚.太湖翘嘴红鲌的生物学及其增殖问题的探讨[J].水产学报,1984,8(4):275-286
[44]刘恩生,刘正文,陈伟民,等.太湖湖鲚渔获量变化与生物环境间相互关系[J].湖泊科学,2005,17(4):340-345
[45]夏德全,曹萤,吴婷婷,等.太湖中大银鱼、太湖新银鱼和寡齿新银鱼群体的遗传结构[J].水产学报,1999,23(3):254-260
[46]朱成德.太湖大银鱼生长与食性的初步研究[J].水产学报,1985,9(3):275-287
[47]朱成德.太湖银鱼产量与水位关系的数理统计分析[J].淡水渔业,1982,4:40-42
[48]阮松树.翘嘴红鲌生物学特性及养殖技术[J].渔业致富指南,2009(7):43-44
[49]陈刚.中国淡水和近海鱼类的生态对策研究[J].湛江水产学院学报,1996,16(2):7-14
[50]秦伟,梁守仁.太湖银鱼种群消长动态及其增殖措施[J].淡水渔业,1997,27(6):3-6
[51]李圣法,藏增嘉,邓思明,等.太湖敞水区鱼类中间关系现状[J].水产学报,1998,22(1):44-48
[52]刘恩生.太湖主要鱼类的食物组成[J].水产学报,2008,32(3):395-400
[53]刘恩生,鲍传和,吴林坤,等.太湖新银鱼的食物组成及与主要鱼类间关系的初步分析[J].水利渔业,2006,26(5):41-45
[54]刘恩生,吴林坤,曹萍,等.太湖鲌鱼数量变化规律及生态效应分析[J].水利渔业,2007,27(3):70-73
[55]刘恩生,鲍传和,曹萍,等.太湖银鱼和主要鱼类渔获量间的相关分析[J].安徽农业大学学报,2006,33(1):70-75
[56] Carpenter S R, Kitchell J F, Hodgson J R, et al. Regulation of lake primaryproductivity by food web structure[J]. Ecology,1987,68:1863-1876
[57]刘健康,谢平.鲢鳙直接控制微囊藻水华的围隔试验和湖泊实践[J].生态科学,2003,22(3):193-196
[58]崔福义,林涛,马放,等.水体治理中鲢鳙生物操纵作用的实验研究[J].南京理工大学学报,2004,28(6):668-672
[59]柯志新,谢平,过龙根,等.太湖梅梁湾大型生态控藻围栏内鲢鳙的生长特征[J].水生态学杂志,2011,32(5):13-18
[60] Carpenter S R, Kitchell J F, Hodgson J R, et al. Cascading trophic interactions andlake productivity[J]. Bioscience,1985,35:634-639
[61]刘恩生,鲍传和,杨启超,等.巢湖鲢、鳙在富营养化条件下的食物组成分析[J].水生生态学报,2009,2(3):27-31
[62]韩茂森,束蕴芳.中国淡水生物图谱[M].北京:海洋出版社,1995
[63]张觉民,何志辉.内陆水域渔业资源调查手册[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1991
[64]周凤霞,陈剑虹.淡水微型生物图谱[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005
[65]程曦.太湖水环境与经济发展关系研究—基于环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)方法[J].环境与可持续发展,2012,5:73-77
[66]柯志新,谢平,过龙根,等.太湖梅梁湾生物控藻围栏内鲢、鳙比肠长和比肝重的动态变化[J].水生态学杂志,2012,33(3):9-13
[67]周洁,林峰.鲢、鳙的食性及其对藻类的消化利用[J].水生生物学报,1990,14(2):170-175
[68]牟洪民,姚俊杰,方贵镇,等.贵阳红枫湖鲢、鳙的食性研究[J].淡水渔业,2012,42(3):44-49
[69] Hansona C E, Hyndesa G A, Wang S F. Differentiation of benthic marine primaryproducers using stable isotopes and fatty acids: Implications to food web studies[J].Aquatic Botany,2010,93:114-122
[70] Smith D W Biological control of excessive phytoplankton growth and enhancementof aquacultural production[J]. Canadin Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1985,42:1940-1945
[71]陈少莲.东湖放养鲢、鳙鱼种的食性分析[J].水库渔业,1982,3:21-26
[72]陈少莲,刘肖芳,华俐.鲢、鳙在东湖生态系统的氮磷循环中的作用[J].水生生物学报,1991,15(1):8-25
[73]谷孝鸿,朱松泉,吴林坤,等.太湖自然渔业及其发展策略[J].湖泊科学,2009,21(1):94-100
[74]闫洪山,刘士洪,孔强,等.碧流河水库鲢、鳙的年龄、生长及其资源量的研究[J].水利渔业,2007,4(27):42-47
[75]沈建忠,曹文宣,崔一波,等.用鳞片和耳石鉴定鲫鱼年龄的比较研究[J].水生生物学报,2001,25(5):462-466
[76]史为良.内陆水域鱼类养殖和养殖学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1996
[77]胡海彦,张宪中,曹晓东,等.蠡湖鲢鳙鱼生长的研究[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(6):337-339
[78]马超,戴小杰,郑文军,等.淀山湖主要放流鱼种鲢和鳙生长的研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,2011,20(3):69-75
[79]刘俊利,熊邦喜,吕光俊.金沙河水库鲢、鳙生长特征及起捕规格的研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(1):35-39
[80]孙金辉,沈建忠,宋文,等.云龙湖水库鲢鳙生长分析[J].水利渔业,2006,26(6):56-58
[81]申玉春,杨景峰,祁保霞,等.孟家段水库鲢、鳙的生长及提高鱼产量措施[J].水利渔业,2001,21(5):26-28
[82]姜志强,秦克静,杨树葳,等.碧流河水库鲢、鳙的年龄、生长和资源量的研究[J].大连水产学院学报,1994,9(3):8-14
[83]高志鹏,张家波,胡正友.鲇鱼山水库翘嘴鲌生长特性与种群控制研究[J].水利渔业,2008,28(3):39-41
[84]凌去非,谭夕东,许爱国.澄湖翘嘴鲌的生长与资源保护[J].水利渔业,2006,26(4):30-32
[85]邵力,郏国生,卢建伟,等.四明湖水库翘嘴红鲌年龄和生长的研究[J].浙江水产学院学报,1990,9(2):95-101
[86]胡秋元,陶仁勇,龚世园,等.武湖翘嘴红鲌年龄和生长的研究[J].水利渔业,2000,20(2):46-47
[87]刘俊利,熊邦喜,王基松,等.鲢、鳙对养殖水体的生态功能评价[J].水利渔业,2008,28(4):8-10
[88]胡传林,刘家寿,彭建华,等.我国银鱼研究概况及其移植的生态管理准则[J].湖泊科学,2001,13(3):204-210
[89]国家环境保护总局.水与废水监测分析方法(第四版)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002
[90]杨彩根,宋学宏,孙丙耀,等.浮游植物叶绿素a含量简易测定方法的比较[J].海洋科学,2007,31(1):6-9
[91]郝友亮,马启敏,周华,等.东昌湖水体富营养化研究[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(10):63-66
[92]王鹤扬.综合营养状态指数法在陶然亭湖富营养化评价中的应用[J].环境科学与管理,2012,37(9):188-194
[93]雷泽湘,徐德兰,黄沛生,等.太湖沉水和浮叶植被及其水环境效应研究[J].生态环境,2006,15(2):239-243
[94]谢平,诸葛燕,高村典子,等.水体富营养化对浮游生物群落多样性的影响[J].水生生物学报,1996,(增刊):20
[95]沈韫芬,章宗涉,龚循矩,等.微型生物监测新技术[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1990
[96] Xiong J L, Mei X G, Liu J S, et al. Comparative studies on community structure,biodiversity of plankton and zoobenthos in four lakes of different trophic states inChina[J]. Asian Fisheries Science Journal,2003,16(4):361-372
[97] Scheffer M. The effect of aquatic vegetation on turbidity; how important are thefilter feeders?[J]. Hydrobiologia,1999,408/409:307-316
[98]周剑,陈先均.翘嘴红鲌生物学特性及人工繁殖的初步研究[J].四川农业科技,2005,1:25-28
[99]张开翔,庄大栋,张立,等.洪泽湖所产大银鱼生物学及其增殖的研究[J].水产学报,1981,5(1):29-39
[2] Aprahamian M W, Martin Smith K, McGinnity P, et al. Restocking ofsalmonids—opportunities and limitations[J]. Fisheries Research,2003,62(2):211-227
[3] Cowx I G. An appraisal of stocking strategies in the light of developing countryconstraints[J]. Fisheries Management and Ecology,1999,6(1):21-34
[4]王利民,胡慧建,王丁,等.江湖阻隔对涨渡湖区鱼类资源的生态影响[J].长江流域资源与环境,2005,14(3):287-292
[5] Mills D. Strategies for the rehabilitation of salmon rivers[C]. The Linnean Society,London.1991,109-121
[6] Kajak Z, Rybak J, Spodniewska I, et al. Influence of the planktonivorous fishHypophthalmichthys molitrix(Val.)on the plankton and benthos of the eutrophiclake[J]. Pol Arch Hydrobiol,1975,22(2):301-310
[7] Masuda R, Tsukamoto K. Stock enhancement in Japan: review and perspective[J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1998,62(2):337-358
[8] Chen B. Study of seed production and stock enhancement technologies of the blackrockfish Sebastes schlegelii based on physiological and ecologicalcharacteristics[D]. Kyoto University,2009
[9]危起伟,杨德国,吴湘香.世界鱼类资源增殖放流概况[C].水电水利建设项目水环境与水生生态保护技术政策研讨会论文集,2006,457-467
[10]李延森,邱秀兰.韩国渔业增殖放流的发展与措施[J].中国水产,2008,8:28-29
[11]孙菁煜.淀山湖鱼类增殖放流效果初步评价[D].上海海洋大学,2008
[12]倪勇,朱成德.太湖鱼类志[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2005
[13]李宪栋.山东半岛南部中国对虾放流增殖效果评估[D].中国农业科学院,2012
[14]徐炳庆.山东近海中国对虾增殖放流的研究[D].上海海洋大学,2011
[15]周永东,王永顺,黄鸣夏.浙江近海海域海蜇的增殖放流[J].浙江海洋学院学报,2004,23(1):28-30
[16]梁君,王伟定,林桂装,等.浙江舟山人工生境水域日本黄姑鱼和黑鲷的增殖放流效果及评估[J].中国水产科学,2010,17(5):1075-1084
[17]董智勇.中街山列岛曼氏无针乌贼增殖放流、产卵场修复及效果分析[D].浙江海洋学院,2010
[18]陆伟民,童合一.太湖人工放流鲢、鳙效果的研究[J].上海水产大学学报,1994,3(3):112-120
[19]孙峰德.海蜇增殖放流效益显著[J].河北渔业,2008,5:30-31
[20]刘莉莉,万荣,段媛媛,等.山东省海洋渔业资源增殖放流及其渔业效益[J].海洋湖沼通报,2008,4:91-98
[21]叶宁,杨峰,叶健欣,等.红树林海区鱼类资源增殖放流效果调查[J].吉首大学学报(自然科学版),2010,31(1):104-109
[22]何俊,谷孝鸿,王小林,等.太湖鱼类放流增殖的有效数量和合理结构[J].湖泊科学,2012,24(1):104-110
[23]李继龙,王国伟,杨文波,等.国外渔业资源增殖放流状况及其对我国的启示[J].中国渔业经济,2009,3(27):111-123
[24]梅春,任一平,徐宾铎,等.崂山湾日本对虾增殖放流效果的初步研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2010,40(9):45-50
[25]史建全.浅谈渔业资源增殖放流[J].青海科技,2009,16(3):21-22
[26]谢平.鲢、鳙与藻类水华控制[M].北京:科学出版社,2003
[27]吴晓春.浅谈我国水生生物资源养护事业的开启与发展[J].中国水产,2009,6:4-7
[28]施陈江.东太湖、阳澄西湖外源污染物通量及增殖放流的生态、经济效益[D].苏州大学,2011
[29]薛聪顺.樟溪河细鳞斜颌鲴的人工繁育、养殖与增殖放流研究[D].宁波大学,2011
[30] Molony B W, Lenanton R, Jackson G, et al. Stock enhancement as a fisheriesmanagement tool[J]. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries,2003,13(4):409-432
[31] Stottrup J G, Sparrevohn C R. Can stock enhancement enhance stocks?[J]. Journalof Sea Research,2007,57(2):104-113
[32]陈丕茂.渔业资源增殖放流效果评估方法的研究[J].南方水产,2006,2(1):1-4
[33] Drawbridge M A, Kent D B, Shane M A, et al. The assessment of marine stockenhancement in southern California: A case study involving the white seabass[J].American Fisheries Society Symposium,1995,15:568-569
[34]赵峰,庄平,章龙珍,等.应用于中华鲟的Pop-up标志固定方法[J].动物学杂志,2010,45(5):68-71
[35]李伟亚.利用分子标记评估中国对虾放流效果研究[D].上海海洋大学,2012
[36] Obata Y, Imai H, Kitakado T, et al. The contribution of stocked mud crabs Scyllaparamamosain commercial catches in Japan, estimated using a genetic stockidentification technique[J]. Fisheries research,2006,80(1):113-121
[37] Gonzalez E B, Nagasawa K, Umino T. Stock enhancement program for black seabream(Acanthopagrus schlegelii) in Hiroshima Bay: Monitoring the geneticeffects[J]. Aquaculture,2008,276(1):36-43
[38]潘绪伟,杨林林,纪炜炜,等.增殖放流技术研究进展[J].江苏农业科学,2010,4:236-240
[39]周军,李怡群,张海鹏,等.中国对虾增殖放流跟踪调查与效果评估[J].河北渔业,2006,7:27-30
[40]沈新强,周永东.长江口、杭州湾海域渔业资源增殖放流与效果评估[J].渔业现代化,2007,34(4):54-57
[41]范延琛.崂山湾日本对虾增殖放流效果评估与古镇口湾褐牙鲆增殖放流的初步研究[D].中国海洋大学,2009
[42]刘恩生,鲍传和,曹萍,等.太湖鲢、鳙的食物组成及渔获量变化原因分析[J].水利渔业,2007,27(4):72-74
[43]许品诚.太湖翘嘴红鲌的生物学及其增殖问题的探讨[J].水产学报,1984,8(4):275-286
[44]刘恩生,刘正文,陈伟民,等.太湖湖鲚渔获量变化与生物环境间相互关系[J].湖泊科学,2005,17(4):340-345
[45]夏德全,曹萤,吴婷婷,等.太湖中大银鱼、太湖新银鱼和寡齿新银鱼群体的遗传结构[J].水产学报,1999,23(3):254-260
[46]朱成德.太湖大银鱼生长与食性的初步研究[J].水产学报,1985,9(3):275-287
[47]朱成德.太湖银鱼产量与水位关系的数理统计分析[J].淡水渔业,1982,4:40-42
[48]阮松树.翘嘴红鲌生物学特性及养殖技术[J].渔业致富指南,2009(7):43-44
[49]陈刚.中国淡水和近海鱼类的生态对策研究[J].湛江水产学院学报,1996,16(2):7-14
[50]秦伟,梁守仁.太湖银鱼种群消长动态及其增殖措施[J].淡水渔业,1997,27(6):3-6
[51]李圣法,藏增嘉,邓思明,等.太湖敞水区鱼类中间关系现状[J].水产学报,1998,22(1):44-48
[52]刘恩生.太湖主要鱼类的食物组成[J].水产学报,2008,32(3):395-400
[53]刘恩生,鲍传和,吴林坤,等.太湖新银鱼的食物组成及与主要鱼类间关系的初步分析[J].水利渔业,2006,26(5):41-45
[54]刘恩生,吴林坤,曹萍,等.太湖鲌鱼数量变化规律及生态效应分析[J].水利渔业,2007,27(3):70-73
[55]刘恩生,鲍传和,曹萍,等.太湖银鱼和主要鱼类渔获量间的相关分析[J].安徽农业大学学报,2006,33(1):70-75
[56] Carpenter S R, Kitchell J F, Hodgson J R, et al. Regulation of lake primaryproductivity by food web structure[J]. Ecology,1987,68:1863-1876
[57]刘健康,谢平.鲢鳙直接控制微囊藻水华的围隔试验和湖泊实践[J].生态科学,2003,22(3):193-196
[58]崔福义,林涛,马放,等.水体治理中鲢鳙生物操纵作用的实验研究[J].南京理工大学学报,2004,28(6):668-672
[59]柯志新,谢平,过龙根,等.太湖梅梁湾大型生态控藻围栏内鲢鳙的生长特征[J].水生态学杂志,2011,32(5):13-18
[60] Carpenter S R, Kitchell J F, Hodgson J R, et al. Cascading trophic interactions andlake productivity[J]. Bioscience,1985,35:634-639
[61]刘恩生,鲍传和,杨启超,等.巢湖鲢、鳙在富营养化条件下的食物组成分析[J].水生生态学报,2009,2(3):27-31
[62]韩茂森,束蕴芳.中国淡水生物图谱[M].北京:海洋出版社,1995
[63]张觉民,何志辉.内陆水域渔业资源调查手册[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1991
[64]周凤霞,陈剑虹.淡水微型生物图谱[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005
[65]程曦.太湖水环境与经济发展关系研究—基于环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)方法[J].环境与可持续发展,2012,5:73-77
[66]柯志新,谢平,过龙根,等.太湖梅梁湾生物控藻围栏内鲢、鳙比肠长和比肝重的动态变化[J].水生态学杂志,2012,33(3):9-13
[67]周洁,林峰.鲢、鳙的食性及其对藻类的消化利用[J].水生生物学报,1990,14(2):170-175
[68]牟洪民,姚俊杰,方贵镇,等.贵阳红枫湖鲢、鳙的食性研究[J].淡水渔业,2012,42(3):44-49
[69] Hansona C E, Hyndesa G A, Wang S F. Differentiation of benthic marine primaryproducers using stable isotopes and fatty acids: Implications to food web studies[J].Aquatic Botany,2010,93:114-122
[70] Smith D W Biological control of excessive phytoplankton growth and enhancementof aquacultural production[J]. Canadin Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1985,42:1940-1945
[71]陈少莲.东湖放养鲢、鳙鱼种的食性分析[J].水库渔业,1982,3:21-26
[72]陈少莲,刘肖芳,华俐.鲢、鳙在东湖生态系统的氮磷循环中的作用[J].水生生物学报,1991,15(1):8-25
[73]谷孝鸿,朱松泉,吴林坤,等.太湖自然渔业及其发展策略[J].湖泊科学,2009,21(1):94-100
[74]闫洪山,刘士洪,孔强,等.碧流河水库鲢、鳙的年龄、生长及其资源量的研究[J].水利渔业,2007,4(27):42-47
[75]沈建忠,曹文宣,崔一波,等.用鳞片和耳石鉴定鲫鱼年龄的比较研究[J].水生生物学报,2001,25(5):462-466
[76]史为良.内陆水域鱼类养殖和养殖学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1996
[77]胡海彦,张宪中,曹晓东,等.蠡湖鲢鳙鱼生长的研究[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(6):337-339
[78]马超,戴小杰,郑文军,等.淀山湖主要放流鱼种鲢和鳙生长的研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,2011,20(3):69-75
[79]刘俊利,熊邦喜,吕光俊.金沙河水库鲢、鳙生长特征及起捕规格的研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(1):35-39
[80]孙金辉,沈建忠,宋文,等.云龙湖水库鲢鳙生长分析[J].水利渔业,2006,26(6):56-58
[81]申玉春,杨景峰,祁保霞,等.孟家段水库鲢、鳙的生长及提高鱼产量措施[J].水利渔业,2001,21(5):26-28
[82]姜志强,秦克静,杨树葳,等.碧流河水库鲢、鳙的年龄、生长和资源量的研究[J].大连水产学院学报,1994,9(3):8-14
[83]高志鹏,张家波,胡正友.鲇鱼山水库翘嘴鲌生长特性与种群控制研究[J].水利渔业,2008,28(3):39-41
[84]凌去非,谭夕东,许爱国.澄湖翘嘴鲌的生长与资源保护[J].水利渔业,2006,26(4):30-32
[85]邵力,郏国生,卢建伟,等.四明湖水库翘嘴红鲌年龄和生长的研究[J].浙江水产学院学报,1990,9(2):95-101
[86]胡秋元,陶仁勇,龚世园,等.武湖翘嘴红鲌年龄和生长的研究[J].水利渔业,2000,20(2):46-47
[87]刘俊利,熊邦喜,王基松,等.鲢、鳙对养殖水体的生态功能评价[J].水利渔业,2008,28(4):8-10
[88]胡传林,刘家寿,彭建华,等.我国银鱼研究概况及其移植的生态管理准则[J].湖泊科学,2001,13(3):204-210
[89]国家环境保护总局.水与废水监测分析方法(第四版)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002
[90]杨彩根,宋学宏,孙丙耀,等.浮游植物叶绿素a含量简易测定方法的比较[J].海洋科学,2007,31(1):6-9
[91]郝友亮,马启敏,周华,等.东昌湖水体富营养化研究[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(10):63-66
[92]王鹤扬.综合营养状态指数法在陶然亭湖富营养化评价中的应用[J].环境科学与管理,2012,37(9):188-194
[93]雷泽湘,徐德兰,黄沛生,等.太湖沉水和浮叶植被及其水环境效应研究[J].生态环境,2006,15(2):239-243
[94]谢平,诸葛燕,高村典子,等.水体富营养化对浮游生物群落多样性的影响[J].水生生物学报,1996,(增刊):20
[95]沈韫芬,章宗涉,龚循矩,等.微型生物监测新技术[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1990
[96] Xiong J L, Mei X G, Liu J S, et al. Comparative studies on community structure,biodiversity of plankton and zoobenthos in four lakes of different trophic states inChina[J]. Asian Fisheries Science Journal,2003,16(4):361-372
[97] Scheffer M. The effect of aquatic vegetation on turbidity; how important are thefilter feeders?[J]. Hydrobiologia,1999,408/409:307-316
[98]周剑,陈先均.翘嘴红鲌生物学特性及人工繁殖的初步研究[J].四川农业科技,2005,1:25-28
[99]张开翔,庄大栋,张立,等.洪泽湖所产大银鱼生物学及其增殖的研究[J].水产学报,1981,5(1):29-39