海洋生态环境监测系统数据集成与应用研究
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摘要
21世纪是人类开发利用海洋的新时代,可持续发展是人类开发利用海洋的主题,科学、合理、有序地利用海洋可以解决人类社会面临的“人口剧增、资源匿乏、环境恶化”三大问题。沿海区域拥有丰富的陆海自然资源,是我国经济最发达地带,但近年来正面临着前所未有的环境-生态压力,为了保证经济可持续发展,国家对海洋生态环境保护愈加重视；海洋生态环境监测数据的获取和分析,了解海洋生态环境现状及动态变化趋势并能够对海洋突发事件进行预警预测,是进行海洋生态环境保护的基础和前提。我国从上个世纪六十年代开始就陆续的开始了海洋环境数据的监测工作,尤其是近三十年以来,随着海洋经济的发展和我国国力的壮大,已初步建立了由海洋站、浮标、调查监测船、卫星遥感和航空遥感组成的立体监测网的雏形。特别是“九五”、“十五”期间,依托863等科技攻关项目的支持,涌现了一大批科技成果,极大提高了我国海洋监测体系的研究和发展水平。
本论文以海洋环境监测数据集成应用为研究对象,针对由多种海洋生态环境监测系统(或手段)组成的海洋综合监测系统的特点和应用需求,结合国家相关课题,以监测数据传输、集成、数据库管理、数据分析评价等为研究内容,以构建行之有效的海洋生态环境监测数据集成与应用方法体系和技术框架为研究目标,以从监测系统—数据—传输—集成—应用—实践—完善的层次和顺序为研究路线,系统地进行了多种监测系统的数据传输集成技术、海洋生态环境监测数据集成技术、基于GIS的数据自动分析和评价技术、监测数据集成系统应用等方面进行了研究和实践应用探讨,研究内容如下：
1.海洋生态环境监测系统数据传输集成技术
海洋监测系统的监测对象和环境较特殊决定其传输方式有别于普通的数据传输。论文通过研究目前各种数据通信和传输网络技术的优缺点,结合海洋监测系统特点,研究论述了怎样根据各种海洋环境监测系统及相关地面处理站的特点及分布情况,设计不同的适用于各海洋环境监测系统的数据传输网络,实现了各种生态环境监测系统的数据自动传输,并设计研发了监测数据传输集成系统,完成各海洋监测系统海洋生态环境监测数据的自动采集和保存；通过海洋生态环境监测系统数据传输集成系统实践和完善,为用户提供了各种海洋环境监测系统数据传输方式设计和数据传输集成较完整实用的整体解决技术选择方法和方案。
2.海洋生态环境监测数据集成技术
海洋生态环境监测数据的集成是本研究的重要内容,数据的异构性是海洋环境数据集成的首要问题。论文通过深入分析海洋环境监测数据特点及数据库、集成中间件、XML等集成技术特性,探讨利用这些技术构建海洋环境监测数据仓库的可行性,并通过数据库技术给出了各监测系统监测数据库构建的技术流程和方法体系；研发的海洋生态环境监测数据库系统及相关集成技术为为多种海洋监测数据的管理、导入和导出提供了方便高效的工具,实现了基于数据仓库的海洋生态环境及空间数据的一体化组织和管理。
3.基于GIS的监测数据分析与应用
海洋生态环境监测数据集成的目的就是满足海洋环境监测业务和海洋管理的需要,实现对海洋数据的分析和评价、海洋灾害的预警预测等功能。本文根据应用服务的需求,基于上述研究成果,研究了适用于海洋环境特点的时空分析模式和相关评价技术,构建了基于GIS的海洋环境监测数据分析与评价应用系统,实现了监测数据的自动分析与评价等功能；相关技术研究成果在后续赤潮重点监控区监控预警系统、青岛奥帆赛场赤潮监测预警系统等项目中得到应用和实践完善,取得了较好效果,验证了研究成果对不同海洋环境监测系统的建设和运转的借鉴示范意义,这些应用实践又反过来推动研究成果不断完善。
通过本文研究建立并实践了较完整实用的海洋生态环境监测系统数据集成、管理与应用的技术方案和方法,可以为我国建立新型海洋生态环境监测系统和体系提供技术研究基础和应用示范。
The 21st century is new times for humanity to develop and utilize marine, whose theme is sustainable development. Using marine scientifically, reasonably, orderly can solve the problems of population explosion, lack of resources and environmental deterioration. Costal areas are rich in natural resources, as the most developed zone, are faced with the unprecedented environment-ecology stress in recent years. To guarantee economy sustainable development, the country attaches more importance to marine ecology environment. Obtaining and analyzing marine eco-environmental monitoring data, knowing about the present situation and dynamic change trend of marine eco-environment and early warning and forecasting marine emergency is the foundation and precondition of marine ecology environment protection. Our country starts to monitor the marine environment from sixty decade last century in succession. Especially for the nearly three decades,, the prototype of three-dimensional monitoring network composed of marine station, buoy, survey ship, satellite remote sensing and aviation remote sensing is initially builded up along with the development of marine economy and growth of China's national power. Especially during the period of the nineteen ninety-six to two thousand and two thousand one to two thousand five, on the support of 863 plan, a large amount of scientific and technical achievement springs up, which improve research level of our country marine monitoring system.
The object of the manuscript is the integration application of marine environment monitoring data, aiming at the characteristic and application need of marine synthesize monitoring system composed of various of marine environment observation system, combining with the interrelated subject. The research concentrates on monitoring data transmission, integration, database management and data analysis and evaluation. The target is to build the effective method system and technique frame for marine eco-environment monitoring data integration and application. The study path is in the order of monitoring system, data, transmission, integration, application, practice and perfection. The system study and discuss the data transmission and integration technology of various monitoring system, the integration of marine eco-environment monitoring data, automatic analysis and evaluation of GIS(geography information system) data and the application of monitoring data integration system. The research and achievements are as follows:
i the transmission and integration of marine eco-environment monitoring system
The special object and environment of marine monitoring system result in its transmission way is different from the command data transmission.
It studies the merits and faults of present data communication and transmission. The system solves the problem of how to design different data transmission network suitable to every marine environment monitoring system based on the characteristics of various marine environment monitoring system and the distribution situation of related ground handling station combining with the characteristics of marine monitoring system. The system achieves the data automatic transmission of eco-environmental monitoring system. It designs and develops the transmission and integrated system of monitoring data, completes the automatic acquisition and preservation of marine environmental monitoring data. By the practice and improvement of data transmission and integration system, the system provides the users complete and practical method and project about various marine environment monitoring system data transmission method and data integration.
ii establish a set of data storage management suitable for marine environment monitoring data
The integration of marine eco-environment monitoring data is the important content of the research. The data isomerism is the most important issue of marine environment data integration. The paper has deep analysis on the characteristics of marine environment monitoring data and integration technology features of database, integration middleware and XML et al. It discusses the feasibility of construction marine environment monitoring data warehouse using the above technologies. It gives the construction process and methodology of every monitoring database. The developed marine eco-environment monitoring database system and the integration technology provides convenient and efficient tool for various marine monitoring data management, import and export, and realizes the unify of organization and management of marine eco-environment based on data warehouse and spatial data.
iii the analysis and application of monitoring data based on GIS
The integration of marine eco-environment monitoring data is to meet the need of marine environment monitoring operation and marine management, and realize the function of marine data analysis, evaluation and warning, forecast of marine disaster. According to the need of application service, the paper studies spatial and temporal models and related evaluation techniques suitable for the marine environment characteristics based on the above research achievement. It constructs the marine environment monitoring data analysis and evaluation system based on GIS and realizes the function of monitoring data automatic analysis and evaluation. The related research achievement are improved in the follow-up monitoring and warning system for key areas and Qingdao Olympic sailing field of red tide and achieves good results. It verifies reference example sense of research achievement for different marine environment monitoring system construction and operation, the application practice promotes the continuous improvement of research results in turn.
The research constructs and practices the technical solutions and methods for marine eco-environment monitoring data integration, management and application. It provides the technique research foundation and application example for constructing new marine eco-environment monitoring system.
本论文以海洋环境监测数据集成应用为研究对象,针对由多种海洋生态环境监测系统(或手段)组成的海洋综合监测系统的特点和应用需求,结合国家相关课题,以监测数据传输、集成、数据库管理、数据分析评价等为研究内容,以构建行之有效的海洋生态环境监测数据集成与应用方法体系和技术框架为研究目标,以从监测系统—数据—传输—集成—应用—实践—完善的层次和顺序为研究路线,系统地进行了多种监测系统的数据传输集成技术、海洋生态环境监测数据集成技术、基于GIS的数据自动分析和评价技术、监测数据集成系统应用等方面进行了研究和实践应用探讨,研究内容如下：
1.海洋生态环境监测系统数据传输集成技术
海洋监测系统的监测对象和环境较特殊决定其传输方式有别于普通的数据传输。论文通过研究目前各种数据通信和传输网络技术的优缺点,结合海洋监测系统特点,研究论述了怎样根据各种海洋环境监测系统及相关地面处理站的特点及分布情况,设计不同的适用于各海洋环境监测系统的数据传输网络,实现了各种生态环境监测系统的数据自动传输,并设计研发了监测数据传输集成系统,完成各海洋监测系统海洋生态环境监测数据的自动采集和保存；通过海洋生态环境监测系统数据传输集成系统实践和完善,为用户提供了各种海洋环境监测系统数据传输方式设计和数据传输集成较完整实用的整体解决技术选择方法和方案。
2.海洋生态环境监测数据集成技术
海洋生态环境监测数据的集成是本研究的重要内容,数据的异构性是海洋环境数据集成的首要问题。论文通过深入分析海洋环境监测数据特点及数据库、集成中间件、XML等集成技术特性,探讨利用这些技术构建海洋环境监测数据仓库的可行性,并通过数据库技术给出了各监测系统监测数据库构建的技术流程和方法体系；研发的海洋生态环境监测数据库系统及相关集成技术为为多种海洋监测数据的管理、导入和导出提供了方便高效的工具,实现了基于数据仓库的海洋生态环境及空间数据的一体化组织和管理。
3.基于GIS的监测数据分析与应用
海洋生态环境监测数据集成的目的就是满足海洋环境监测业务和海洋管理的需要,实现对海洋数据的分析和评价、海洋灾害的预警预测等功能。本文根据应用服务的需求,基于上述研究成果,研究了适用于海洋环境特点的时空分析模式和相关评价技术,构建了基于GIS的海洋环境监测数据分析与评价应用系统,实现了监测数据的自动分析与评价等功能；相关技术研究成果在后续赤潮重点监控区监控预警系统、青岛奥帆赛场赤潮监测预警系统等项目中得到应用和实践完善,取得了较好效果,验证了研究成果对不同海洋环境监测系统的建设和运转的借鉴示范意义,这些应用实践又反过来推动研究成果不断完善。
通过本文研究建立并实践了较完整实用的海洋生态环境监测系统数据集成、管理与应用的技术方案和方法,可以为我国建立新型海洋生态环境监测系统和体系提供技术研究基础和应用示范。
The 21st century is new times for humanity to develop and utilize marine, whose theme is sustainable development. Using marine scientifically, reasonably, orderly can solve the problems of population explosion, lack of resources and environmental deterioration. Costal areas are rich in natural resources, as the most developed zone, are faced with the unprecedented environment-ecology stress in recent years. To guarantee economy sustainable development, the country attaches more importance to marine ecology environment. Obtaining and analyzing marine eco-environmental monitoring data, knowing about the present situation and dynamic change trend of marine eco-environment and early warning and forecasting marine emergency is the foundation and precondition of marine ecology environment protection. Our country starts to monitor the marine environment from sixty decade last century in succession. Especially for the nearly three decades,, the prototype of three-dimensional monitoring network composed of marine station, buoy, survey ship, satellite remote sensing and aviation remote sensing is initially builded up along with the development of marine economy and growth of China's national power. Especially during the period of the nineteen ninety-six to two thousand and two thousand one to two thousand five, on the support of 863 plan, a large amount of scientific and technical achievement springs up, which improve research level of our country marine monitoring system.
The object of the manuscript is the integration application of marine environment monitoring data, aiming at the characteristic and application need of marine synthesize monitoring system composed of various of marine environment observation system, combining with the interrelated subject. The research concentrates on monitoring data transmission, integration, database management and data analysis and evaluation. The target is to build the effective method system and technique frame for marine eco-environment monitoring data integration and application. The study path is in the order of monitoring system, data, transmission, integration, application, practice and perfection. The system study and discuss the data transmission and integration technology of various monitoring system, the integration of marine eco-environment monitoring data, automatic analysis and evaluation of GIS(geography information system) data and the application of monitoring data integration system. The research and achievements are as follows:
i the transmission and integration of marine eco-environment monitoring system
The special object and environment of marine monitoring system result in its transmission way is different from the command data transmission.
It studies the merits and faults of present data communication and transmission. The system solves the problem of how to design different data transmission network suitable to every marine environment monitoring system based on the characteristics of various marine environment monitoring system and the distribution situation of related ground handling station combining with the characteristics of marine monitoring system. The system achieves the data automatic transmission of eco-environmental monitoring system. It designs and develops the transmission and integrated system of monitoring data, completes the automatic acquisition and preservation of marine environmental monitoring data. By the practice and improvement of data transmission and integration system, the system provides the users complete and practical method and project about various marine environment monitoring system data transmission method and data integration.
ii establish a set of data storage management suitable for marine environment monitoring data
The integration of marine eco-environment monitoring data is the important content of the research. The data isomerism is the most important issue of marine environment data integration. The paper has deep analysis on the characteristics of marine environment monitoring data and integration technology features of database, integration middleware and XML et al. It discusses the feasibility of construction marine environment monitoring data warehouse using the above technologies. It gives the construction process and methodology of every monitoring database. The developed marine eco-environment monitoring database system and the integration technology provides convenient and efficient tool for various marine monitoring data management, import and export, and realizes the unify of organization and management of marine eco-environment based on data warehouse and spatial data.
iii the analysis and application of monitoring data based on GIS
The integration of marine eco-environment monitoring data is to meet the need of marine environment monitoring operation and marine management, and realize the function of marine data analysis, evaluation and warning, forecast of marine disaster. According to the need of application service, the paper studies spatial and temporal models and related evaluation techniques suitable for the marine environment characteristics based on the above research achievement. It constructs the marine environment monitoring data analysis and evaluation system based on GIS and realizes the function of monitoring data automatic analysis and evaluation. The related research achievement are improved in the follow-up monitoring and warning system for key areas and Qingdao Olympic sailing field of red tide and achieves good results. It verifies reference example sense of research achievement for different marine environment monitoring system construction and operation, the application practice promotes the continuous improvement of research results in turn.
The research constructs and practices the technical solutions and methods for marine eco-environment monitoring data integration, management and application. It provides the technique research foundation and application example for constructing new marine eco-environment monitoring system.
引文
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