重庆天成大厦风洞试验研究
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摘要
随着近三十年我国经济的飞速发展,高层建筑得到了蓬勃的发展空间,在城市现代化的进程中扮演着标志性的角色。于此同时,由于风荷载的作用,使得高层建筑的安全性、经济型和舒适性得到了进一步的挑战。本文主要是研究超高层建筑的风压特性,所以对于天成大厦的裙楼部分省去,只讨论主体结构。本文以重庆市天成大厦的风洞试验项目为工程背景,分析研究了天成大厦的主体结构在频域上进行的风压分布以及特性,并利用本证正交分解(POD)法对测点的脉动风压进行了重组和预测。本文主要的工作如下:
本文的第一部分工作是对本次风洞试验的概况做了详细的阐述:包括试验设备和方法、边界层的模拟;以及对试验模型的设计、制作;后续数据的处理方法等。
本文的第二部分工作是对天成大厦的主体结构在频域上进行的风压分布以及特性做了全面的分析和研究。选取特定风向角下,特定高度处的测点进行风压系数的频域分析;以及研究风压系数沿高度变化的频域特性,最后研究在特定风向角下表面风压系数的水平和竖向相关性。
本文的第三部分工作是利用非均匀分布测点风压的本征正交分解(POD)法,对建筑主体结构部分测压点的脉动风压进行分解、重组,并与原始风压进行对比,计算它们之间的误差,同时分析这些误差产生的原因。此外根据本征正交分解(POD)法原理以及原始风压场,对未布置测压点处的风压系数进行预测。
With nearly three decades the rapid development of China's economy, super-rise building has been vigorous development of space and played the iconic role in the process of modernization in the city. Meanwhile, due to wind load, super-rise buildings’safety, economical and comfort have been further challenge. This thesis is to research the characteristics of super-rise building wind pressure. The characteristics of the main structure of the wind pressure are discussed only, but no the podium section of Tiancheng Building. The thesis is based on Wind Tunnel Test of Chongqing Tiancheng Building. This thesis analyses the wind pressure distribution and characteristics of Tiancheng Building in the frequency domain. Then, this thesis applies Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) method to decompose. Following points are main achievement of this thesis.
The first part of the thesis gives a detailed description of the wind tunnel tests, including research equipment and methods, the boundary layer simulation, and the model design, production, at last, introduces the follow-up data processing methods.
The second part of the thesis analyses wind pressure distribution and characteristics of Tiancheng Building in the frequency domain. Frequency domain characteristics of the specific height are analyzed in the specific wind direction. And frequency domain characteristics of wind pressure are researched with the change of wind pressure coefficient along the height. Finally, the surface wind direction and wind pressure coefficients of horizontal and vertical correlation are analyses under a particular angle.
The third part of the thesis decomposes and reconstructs the pressure taps of the some main body structure by the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) of wind pressure specified at non-uniformly distributed, compare with the original pressure, calculate the error between them, and analyzes the causes of these errors. In addition, it forecasts the wind pressure coefficient of the non-arrangement pressure points under the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method and the original wind field theory.
本文的第一部分工作是对本次风洞试验的概况做了详细的阐述:包括试验设备和方法、边界层的模拟;以及对试验模型的设计、制作;后续数据的处理方法等。
本文的第二部分工作是对天成大厦的主体结构在频域上进行的风压分布以及特性做了全面的分析和研究。选取特定风向角下,特定高度处的测点进行风压系数的频域分析;以及研究风压系数沿高度变化的频域特性,最后研究在特定风向角下表面风压系数的水平和竖向相关性。
本文的第三部分工作是利用非均匀分布测点风压的本征正交分解(POD)法,对建筑主体结构部分测压点的脉动风压进行分解、重组,并与原始风压进行对比,计算它们之间的误差,同时分析这些误差产生的原因。此外根据本征正交分解(POD)法原理以及原始风压场,对未布置测压点处的风压系数进行预测。
With nearly three decades the rapid development of China's economy, super-rise building has been vigorous development of space and played the iconic role in the process of modernization in the city. Meanwhile, due to wind load, super-rise buildings’safety, economical and comfort have been further challenge. This thesis is to research the characteristics of super-rise building wind pressure. The characteristics of the main structure of the wind pressure are discussed only, but no the podium section of Tiancheng Building. The thesis is based on Wind Tunnel Test of Chongqing Tiancheng Building. This thesis analyses the wind pressure distribution and characteristics of Tiancheng Building in the frequency domain. Then, this thesis applies Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) method to decompose. Following points are main achievement of this thesis.
The first part of the thesis gives a detailed description of the wind tunnel tests, including research equipment and methods, the boundary layer simulation, and the model design, production, at last, introduces the follow-up data processing methods.
The second part of the thesis analyses wind pressure distribution and characteristics of Tiancheng Building in the frequency domain. Frequency domain characteristics of the specific height are analyzed in the specific wind direction. And frequency domain characteristics of wind pressure are researched with the change of wind pressure coefficient along the height. Finally, the surface wind direction and wind pressure coefficients of horizontal and vertical correlation are analyses under a particular angle.
The third part of the thesis decomposes and reconstructs the pressure taps of the some main body structure by the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) of wind pressure specified at non-uniformly distributed, compare with the original pressure, calculate the error between them, and analyzes the causes of these errors. In addition, it forecasts the wind pressure coefficient of the non-arrangement pressure points under the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method and the original wind field theory.
引文
[1]中国台风网[EB/OL]. http://www.typhoon.gov.cn/ .
[2]埃米尔·西缪,罗伯特·H·斯坎伦.风对结构的作用[M].刘尚培等译.上海:同济大学出版社,1992.
[3]黄本才.结构抗风分析原理及应用[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2001.
[4]张相庭.工程结构风荷载理论和抗风计算手册[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1990.
[5]项海帆.结构风工程研究的现状和展望[J].振动工程学报,1997,10(3):258—263.
[6]第十一届全国结构风工程学术会议论文集[C]. 2003.
[7]第十三届全国结构风工程学术会议论文集[C]. 2007.
[8] Hemon P, Santi F. Applications of bi orthogonal decompositions in fluid-structure interactions [J]. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 2003, 17: 1123 - 1143.
[9] Wu C G, Liang Y C, Lin W Z, et al. A note on equivalence of proper orthogonal decomposition methods [J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2003, 265: 1103 - 1110.
[10] Gillam D X, Smith D, Wu F. Proper orthogonal decomposition modeling for full-scale pressure fields [A].14th Engineering Mechanics Conference [C]. Austin Texas .2000: 21– 24.
[11] Kerschen G, Feeny B F, Golinval J C. On the exploitation of chaos to build reduced-order models [J]. Comput. Methods Appl Mech Engrg, 2003, 192: 1785 - 1795.
[12] Cizmas P G, Palaclos A, Brien T, Proper orthogonal decomposition of s patio-temporal patterns in fluidized beds[J] .Chemical Engineering Science, 2003, 58: 4417 - 4427 .
[13] Tamura Y, Suganuma S, Kikuchi H. Proper orthogonal decomposition of random wind pressure field [J]. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 1999, 13: 1069 - 1095.
[14] Baker C J. Aspects of the Use of the Technique of Orthogonal Decomposition of Surface Pressers Field[J]. Wind Engineering in to the 21st Century. Rotterdam, 1999, 393 - 400.
[15] Y C. Liang, Proper orthogonal decomposition and its applications—part I: theory[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration (2002) 252(3):527-544.
[16] Jeong. S H. Simulation of Large Wind Pressures by Gusts on a Bluff Structure [J]. Wind and Structures. 2004, 7 ( 5 ) :333 - 344 .
[17] Davenport.A.G., How can we simplify and generalize wind loads Journal of Wind [J]. Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics (1995) 54-55,657-669.
[18] B. Bienkiewicz B, Ham H J, Sun Y. ProperOrthogonalDecom2positi on and Reconstruction of Roof Pressure [J]. ournal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 1993, 50: 193 - 202.
[19] B. Bienkiewicz B, Y.Tamura, Proper orthogonal decomposition and reconstruction of multi-channel roof pressure [J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics (1995)54-55, 369-381.
[20] J.D.Holmes, R. Sankaran, Eigenvector modes of fluctuating pressures on low-rise building model[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics (1997) 69-71,697-707.
[21] H. Kikuchi, Y. Tamura, Dynamic wind presser acting on a tall building model-proper orthogonal decomposition[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics (1997)69-71,631-646.
[22] Tamura Y., Ueda H., Kikuchi H., Hibi K., Suganuma S., Bienkiewicz B. Proper orthogonal decomposition study of approach wind-building pressure correlation[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 72(1997):421-431.
[23] Seung-Hwan Jeong, B. Bienkiewicz, Proper orthogonal decomposition of building wind pressure specified at non-uniformly distributed pressure taps[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics (2000) 87:1-14.
[24]夏法宝,粱枢果,郭必武,邹良浩.武汉国际证券大厦表面风压重组的POD法[J].华中科技大学学报(城市科学版),2005(02):90-94.
[25]李方慧,倪振华,沈世利,顾明. POD原理解析及在结构风工程中的几点应用[J].振动与冲击,2009(04):29-32.
[26]肖智勇.本征正交分解(POD)方法在高层建筑风荷载及其动态响应中的应用研究[D].汕头:汕头大学硕士论文,2001.
[27]陶青秋.本征正交分解(POD)方法在建筑风荷载及其动态响应中的应用研究[D].汕头:汕头大学硕士论文,2002.
[28]李方慧.大跨屋盖结构实用抗风设计[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江大学出版社,2008.
[29]中国空气动力研究与发展中心[R].脉动压力测量管路研究报告, 2002.
[30]李正良,孙毅,陈胜等.天成大厦风洞模拟试验与分析研究报告[R].重庆大学土木工程学院,2009.
[31]张大康,张亮亮. 4米×2.2米大气边界层模拟[M].中国空气动力与研究发展中心,1993.
[32]中国人民共和国行业标准:高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程JGJ3-2002.
[33]张相庭.结构风工程理论·规范·实践[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[34] Simiu E, Scanlan R H. Wind effects on structure-An introduction to wind engineering [M]. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1992.
[35]中国人民共和国行业标准[S].建筑结构荷载规范, GB50009--2002.
[36]徐瑞,黄兆东,阎凤玉. Matlab 2007科学计算与工程分析[M].北京:科学出版社, 2008.
[37]黄鹏,顾明,张锋,叶丰.上海金茂大厦静风荷载研究[J].建筑结构学报, 1999,(06):63—68.
[38]侯家健,李桢章,谢壮宁,韩小雷,石碧青.东莞第一国际项目连体双塔高层建筑的风荷载[J].建筑结构, 2007,(09):20—22.
[39]李寿英,陈政清.泉州中芸洲海景花园建筑群体的干扰效应研究[J].建筑结构学报, 2008,(02):68—71.
[40]马扬.香港数码港住宅工程的风环境风洞试验研究[J].广东土木与建筑, 2005(5):15-17
[41]李正良,陈胜.某超高层建筑风洞测压试验研究[J].建筑结构,(已录用,待发表).
[42]顾志福,李燕.北京国际金融大厦风荷载实验研究[J].流体力学试验与测量, 1999,13(3).
[43] Davenport. A. G. The relationship of wind structure to wind loading [C]. in Proc. Of the Symposium on Wind Effect on Building and Structures, London, 1965, 1, 54—102.
[44]刘杰,乐嘉海.二次曲面在空间插值中的应用及程序实现[J].水运工程, 2002,8:12—13.
[45]李新,程国栋,卢玲.空间内插方法比较[J].地球科学进展, 2000,15:260—265.
[46]徐良宏,孟勇,陈铁.空间曲线的几何Hermite插值问题[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2001,13:158—162.
[47]何晓群.现代统计分析方法与应用(第二版)[M].北京市:中国人民大学出版社, 2007.
[2]埃米尔·西缪,罗伯特·H·斯坎伦.风对结构的作用[M].刘尚培等译.上海:同济大学出版社,1992.
[3]黄本才.结构抗风分析原理及应用[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2001.
[4]张相庭.工程结构风荷载理论和抗风计算手册[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1990.
[5]项海帆.结构风工程研究的现状和展望[J].振动工程学报,1997,10(3):258—263.
[6]第十一届全国结构风工程学术会议论文集[C]. 2003.
[7]第十三届全国结构风工程学术会议论文集[C]. 2007.
[8] Hemon P, Santi F. Applications of bi orthogonal decompositions in fluid-structure interactions [J]. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 2003, 17: 1123 - 1143.
[9] Wu C G, Liang Y C, Lin W Z, et al. A note on equivalence of proper orthogonal decomposition methods [J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2003, 265: 1103 - 1110.
[10] Gillam D X, Smith D, Wu F. Proper orthogonal decomposition modeling for full-scale pressure fields [A].14th Engineering Mechanics Conference [C]. Austin Texas .2000: 21– 24.
[11] Kerschen G, Feeny B F, Golinval J C. On the exploitation of chaos to build reduced-order models [J]. Comput. Methods Appl Mech Engrg, 2003, 192: 1785 - 1795.
[12] Cizmas P G, Palaclos A, Brien T, Proper orthogonal decomposition of s patio-temporal patterns in fluidized beds[J] .Chemical Engineering Science, 2003, 58: 4417 - 4427 .
[13] Tamura Y, Suganuma S, Kikuchi H. Proper orthogonal decomposition of random wind pressure field [J]. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 1999, 13: 1069 - 1095.
[14] Baker C J. Aspects of the Use of the Technique of Orthogonal Decomposition of Surface Pressers Field[J]. Wind Engineering in to the 21st Century. Rotterdam, 1999, 393 - 400.
[15] Y C. Liang, Proper orthogonal decomposition and its applications—part I: theory[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration (2002) 252(3):527-544.
[16] Jeong. S H. Simulation of Large Wind Pressures by Gusts on a Bluff Structure [J]. Wind and Structures. 2004, 7 ( 5 ) :333 - 344 .
[17] Davenport.A.G., How can we simplify and generalize wind loads Journal of Wind [J]. Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics (1995) 54-55,657-669.
[18] B. Bienkiewicz B, Ham H J, Sun Y. ProperOrthogonalDecom2positi on and Reconstruction of Roof Pressure [J]. ournal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 1993, 50: 193 - 202.
[19] B. Bienkiewicz B, Y.Tamura, Proper orthogonal decomposition and reconstruction of multi-channel roof pressure [J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics (1995)54-55, 369-381.
[20] J.D.Holmes, R. Sankaran, Eigenvector modes of fluctuating pressures on low-rise building model[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics (1997) 69-71,697-707.
[21] H. Kikuchi, Y. Tamura, Dynamic wind presser acting on a tall building model-proper orthogonal decomposition[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics (1997)69-71,631-646.
[22] Tamura Y., Ueda H., Kikuchi H., Hibi K., Suganuma S., Bienkiewicz B. Proper orthogonal decomposition study of approach wind-building pressure correlation[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 72(1997):421-431.
[23] Seung-Hwan Jeong, B. Bienkiewicz, Proper orthogonal decomposition of building wind pressure specified at non-uniformly distributed pressure taps[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics (2000) 87:1-14.
[24]夏法宝,粱枢果,郭必武,邹良浩.武汉国际证券大厦表面风压重组的POD法[J].华中科技大学学报(城市科学版),2005(02):90-94.
[25]李方慧,倪振华,沈世利,顾明. POD原理解析及在结构风工程中的几点应用[J].振动与冲击,2009(04):29-32.
[26]肖智勇.本征正交分解(POD)方法在高层建筑风荷载及其动态响应中的应用研究[D].汕头:汕头大学硕士论文,2001.
[27]陶青秋.本征正交分解(POD)方法在建筑风荷载及其动态响应中的应用研究[D].汕头:汕头大学硕士论文,2002.
[28]李方慧.大跨屋盖结构实用抗风设计[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江大学出版社,2008.
[29]中国空气动力研究与发展中心[R].脉动压力测量管路研究报告, 2002.
[30]李正良,孙毅,陈胜等.天成大厦风洞模拟试验与分析研究报告[R].重庆大学土木工程学院,2009.
[31]张大康,张亮亮. 4米×2.2米大气边界层模拟[M].中国空气动力与研究发展中心,1993.
[32]中国人民共和国行业标准:高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程JGJ3-2002.
[33]张相庭.结构风工程理论·规范·实践[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[34] Simiu E, Scanlan R H. Wind effects on structure-An introduction to wind engineering [M]. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1992.
[35]中国人民共和国行业标准[S].建筑结构荷载规范, GB50009--2002.
[36]徐瑞,黄兆东,阎凤玉. Matlab 2007科学计算与工程分析[M].北京:科学出版社, 2008.
[37]黄鹏,顾明,张锋,叶丰.上海金茂大厦静风荷载研究[J].建筑结构学报, 1999,(06):63—68.
[38]侯家健,李桢章,谢壮宁,韩小雷,石碧青.东莞第一国际项目连体双塔高层建筑的风荷载[J].建筑结构, 2007,(09):20—22.
[39]李寿英,陈政清.泉州中芸洲海景花园建筑群体的干扰效应研究[J].建筑结构学报, 2008,(02):68—71.
[40]马扬.香港数码港住宅工程的风环境风洞试验研究[J].广东土木与建筑, 2005(5):15-17
[41]李正良,陈胜.某超高层建筑风洞测压试验研究[J].建筑结构,(已录用,待发表).
[42]顾志福,李燕.北京国际金融大厦风荷载实验研究[J].流体力学试验与测量, 1999,13(3).
[43] Davenport. A. G. The relationship of wind structure to wind loading [C]. in Proc. Of the Symposium on Wind Effect on Building and Structures, London, 1965, 1, 54—102.
[44]刘杰,乐嘉海.二次曲面在空间插值中的应用及程序实现[J].水运工程, 2002,8:12—13.
[45]李新,程国栋,卢玲.空间内插方法比较[J].地球科学进展, 2000,15:260—265.
[46]徐良宏,孟勇,陈铁.空间曲线的几何Hermite插值问题[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2001,13:158—162.
[47]何晓群.现代统计分析方法与应用(第二版)[M].北京市:中国人民大学出版社, 2007.