适合于成都地区典型砂卵石地质水文条件的地源热泵选型研究
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摘要
当今世界,由于经济的高速发展和人民生活水平的大幅度提高,人类对能源的依赖正与日俱增,而目前的主体能源化石能源却正日渐枯竭,从而产生尖锐矛盾。建筑耗能在能源消耗中占了很大一个比例。近年来,随着国家对节能减排以及对建筑节能技术开发与应用的重视,我国的建筑节能正在迅速地发展。地源热泵技术是建筑节能的重要技术之一,地源热泵供热(供冷)系统通过吸收大地的能量,包括土壤、井水、湖泊等天然能源,再由热泵机组向建筑物供热供冷,是一种利用可再生能源的高效节能、无污染的既可供热又可制冷的新型空调系统。成都属夏热冬冷地区,其特有的气候和地质水文条件决定了非常适宜于利用地源热泵空调系统。但所采用的地源热泵系统形式,应根据具体建筑的负荷特点及地下水环境、地质环境、生态环境来确定。目前针对成都地质水文条件下的地源热泵系统宏观选型研究还是空白,基础资料少,无法用于实际工程的选型参考；再者,在不同的地点要采取什么样的热泵形式,在没有全面把握当地地质水文情况和设计点土壤换热能力的情况下,仅依靠临时地质勘察而进行设计,将使得所选择和设计的地源热泵系统不能达到最佳的综合节能效果,甚至使得所选择的地源热泵形式不合理。本文针对地源热泵系统特性,研究成都地区地质水文状况,建立地质水文数据库；并重点研究成都片区砂卵石地质条件的地下换热情况；对在成都9区10县所打的实验井采用ANSYS有限元法进行换热模拟,确定地源热泵形式,从而对在成都片区大规模采用地源热泵技术提供参考。
In today's world, rapid economic development and the sharp improvement of people's living standards which trigger human depending on energy increasing,and in the other side,present main energy Tossil fuels being drained,the two opposite sites result in sharp contradiction.Building energy consumption accounts for a significant proportion in all energy consumption.Mainly due to the previous building energy-saving technologies are not taken seriously,China's building energy consumption is much higher than any other developed country,but in recent years,our country has gradually put emphasis on energy-saving technology development and applications.Ground-Source heat pump system is one of the key building energy-saving technology,by absorbing the energy from the earth, including soil, wells, lakes and other natural energy,and by using Ground-Source heat pump system units, Ground-Source heat pump heating (cooling) system supplies heating or cooling to buildings.This is a efficient energy-saving and pollution-free system which can supply heating and cooling through the using of renewable energy.Chengdu is a city which is hot in summer and cold in winter,so it is very suitable for the use of the underground soil heat storage.But using Ground-Source heat pump system should be based on the load of specific architectural characteristics and groundwater environment, the geological environment, ecological environment.And now research on macroscopic choose of chengdu Ground-Source heat pump system under the geology and hydrology is blank.Little basic materials,reference works can not be used to actual project,moreover,in different locations to take the selection of what kind of Ground-Source heat pump system,in no grasp the local geology hydrological conditions and design,rely on temporary geological rospecting and design, which will make the selection and design of Ground-Source heat pump system can not achieve the best effect of energy saving and even make choice of it is not reasonable.According to characteristics of Ground-Source heat pump system, in this paper,1 studies the geology hydrology condition in Chengdu,establish the geology and hydrology database and put focus on underground heat transfer situation under the geology and hydrology in Chengdu Area,moreover, in order to determine the selection of Ground-Source heat pump system,and give a technology reference to large-scale adoption of Ground-Source heat pump,I use ANSYS finite element method studying heat transfer simulation over experimental wells in 19 sections in Chengdu.
In today's world, rapid economic development and the sharp improvement of people's living standards which trigger human depending on energy increasing,and in the other side,present main energy Tossil fuels being drained,the two opposite sites result in sharp contradiction.Building energy consumption accounts for a significant proportion in all energy consumption.Mainly due to the previous building energy-saving technologies are not taken seriously,China's building energy consumption is much higher than any other developed country,but in recent years,our country has gradually put emphasis on energy-saving technology development and applications.Ground-Source heat pump system is one of the key building energy-saving technology,by absorbing the energy from the earth, including soil, wells, lakes and other natural energy,and by using Ground-Source heat pump system units, Ground-Source heat pump heating (cooling) system supplies heating or cooling to buildings.This is a efficient energy-saving and pollution-free system which can supply heating and cooling through the using of renewable energy.Chengdu is a city which is hot in summer and cold in winter,so it is very suitable for the use of the underground soil heat storage.But using Ground-Source heat pump system should be based on the load of specific architectural characteristics and groundwater environment, the geological environment, ecological environment.And now research on macroscopic choose of chengdu Ground-Source heat pump system under the geology and hydrology is blank.Little basic materials,reference works can not be used to actual project,moreover,in different locations to take the selection of what kind of Ground-Source heat pump system,in no grasp the local geology hydrological conditions and design,rely on temporary geological rospecting and design, which will make the selection and design of Ground-Source heat pump system can not achieve the best effect of energy saving and even make choice of it is not reasonable.According to characteristics of Ground-Source heat pump system, in this paper,1 studies the geology hydrology condition in Chengdu,establish the geology and hydrology database and put focus on underground heat transfer situation under the geology and hydrology in Chengdu Area,moreover, in order to determine the selection of Ground-Source heat pump system,and give a technology reference to large-scale adoption of Ground-Source heat pump,I use ANSYS finite element method studying heat transfer simulation over experimental wells in 19 sections in Chengdu.
引文
[1]马最良,吕悦主编,地源热泵系统设计与应用[M],机械工业出版社,2007年。
[2]胡吉士等主编,建筑节能与设计方法[M],中国计划出版社,2005年。
[3]付详钊主编,夏热冬冷地区建筑节能技术[M],中国建筑工业出版社,2002年。
[4]杨坤丽韦延年刘晖.水平螺旋式浅埋土——气型地源热泵系统节能效益分析[J].四川建筑科学研究(已录用),2007。
[5]柳孝图主编,建筑物理[M],中国建工出版社,2000年。
[6]中华人民共和国建设部,公共建筑节能设计标准(GB50189-2005)[S],中国建筑工业出版社,2005年。
[7]建筑设计资料集(6)第二版[M],中国建筑工业出版社。
[8]涂逢祥,王美堵,世界建筑节能技术的发展趋势[J],世界建筑,1992年第4期。
[9]卢怀宾.经济危机,清洁能源危机[J].京山益信息咨询公司
[10]马最良,刘永红.热泵站的现状及在我国应用的前景[J].暖通空调,1994,24(5)：6-10.
[11]徐邦裕,陆亚俊,马最良.热泵[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1988.
[12]马最良、姚杨、赵丽莹污水源热泵系统的应用前景[J]中国给排水,2003.9
[13]H LVOH库伯,F斯泰姆莱.热泵的理论与实践[M].王子介,译.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1986.
[14]Office of Ground-Source Technologies. Environmental and Energr Benefits ofGround-Source Heat Pumps[M]. Produced for the U.S. Department of Energy(DOE)by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, a DOE national Labortory, DOE/Go-10098-653,1999:1-4.
[15]CD Orio. A New England School& Climate Master Ground-Source Heat Pumps,Hastings School westborough MA, Fist Successful 100% Ground-Source School in New England[R].1997:1-16. http://www. w-esco. com/hastings.pdf.
[16]P J Lienall, T L Boyd, R L Rogers. Ground-Source Heat Pump case Studies
and Utility Programs[R]. U.S. Department of Energy Ground-Source Division. '1995:1-5.
[17]K Rffery. A Capital Comparison of Comercial Ground-Souce Heat Pump System[J].ASHRAE Transactions,1995,101(2):1095-1100.
[18]Xu S. Rybch L. Utilization of Shallow Resources Performance of Direct Use System in Beijing [J]. Ground-Source Resource Council Transactions,2003(27): 115-118.
[19]北京市统计局信息咨询中心.北京市地源热泵示范项目节能效果分析[J].太阳能信息,2005：121.
[20]倪龙.同井回灌地下水源热泵地下水运移数值模拟[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学,2004.
[21]肖益民,何雪冰,刘宪英.地源热泵空调系统的设计施工方法及应用实例[J].现代空调,2001(3)：1-10.
[22]Dvid R. Dinse. Ground-Source System for School[J]. ASHRAE Journl,1998, 40(5):36-40.
[23]张佩芳,袁寿其.地源热泵的特点及其在长江流域应用前景[J].流体机械,2003,31(2)：9,50-52.
[24]高青,于鸣.高效环保效能好的供热制冷装置——地源热泵的开发与利用[J].吉林大学自然科学学报,2001,31(2)：96-102.
[25]郑祖义.热泵空调的设计与创新[M].武汉：华中理工大学出版社,1994.
[26]寿青云,陈汝东.高效节能空调—地源热泵[J].节能,2001(1)：41-45
[27]刘冬生,孙友宏.浅层地能利用新技术—地源热泵技术[J].岩土工程技术,2003(1)：57-59.
[28]二十一世纪最有效的供暖空调技术—节能环保型地源热泵空调系统[R].http://www.hvcnet.com.cn/service/dyrb/bbs.
[29]孙友宏,胡克,状迎春,等。岩土钻掘工程应用的又一新领域——地源热泵技术[J].岩土钻掘工程,2002(增刊)：7-12.
[30]丁力行,陈季芬,彭梦珑.土壤源热泵垂直单埋换热性能影响因素研究[J].流体机械,2002,30(3)：47-49.
[31]D A Ball, R D Fischer, D L Hodgett Design methods for ground-source heat pumps [J]. ASHRAE Trans-actions,1983,89(part 2B):416-440
[32]O J Svec, L E Goodrich, J H L Palmer. Heat transfer
characteristics of in-ground heat exchangers [J]. En-ergy Research, 1986,7(3):265-278.
[33]取云霞,方肇洪,张林华,等。太阳能辅助供暖的地源热泵经济性分析[J].可再生能源,2003(1)：8-10.
[34]殷平.地源热泵在中国[J].现代空调,2001(3)：1-9.
[35]王永镖,李炳熙,姜宝成.地源热泵运行经济性分析[J].热能动力工程,2002,17(6)：565-567.
[36]C D Orio, Ground-Source Heat Pump Applications[J]. Energy,1999,96(3):58-79.
[37]G K Yuill, v Mikler, Analysis of the Effect of Induced Groundwater Flow on Heat Transfer from a Vertical Open-Hole Concentric-Tube Thermal Well [J]. ASHRAE Transactions,1995,101 (1):173-185.
[38]C Yvuzturk, A D Chiasson. Performnce Analysis of U-Tube Concentric Tube and Standing Column Well Ground Heat Exchangers Using a System Simulation Approach [J]. ASHRAE Transactions,2002,108 (1):925-938.
[39]徐伟等.地源热泵工程技术指南[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2001.11
[40]谢汝镛.地源热泵系统的设计[M].现代空调,2001.3：33～74
[41]肖益民等.地源热泵空调系统的设计施工方法及应用实例.现代空调[M],2001.3：88-100
[42]王勇.地源热泵研究(1)——地下换热器性能研究：[D].重庆：重庆建筑大学,1997
[43]ASHRAE. Design/Data manual for closed-loop ground-coupled heat pump systems[J],1985
[44]ANSYS Inc. ANSYS modeling and meshing guide.Twelfth edition Cano nsburg:SAS IP Inc2001:2538
[45]ANSYS Inc. ANSYS热分析分析指南[M].1998
[46]俞昌铭.热传导及其数值分析[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1981
[47]小讽工作室,最新经典ANSYS及Workbench教程[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2004
[48]祝效华,余志祥等..ANSYS高级工程有限元分析范例精选[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2004
[49]龚曙光,谢桂兰.ANSYS操作命令与参数化编程ANSYS高级工程有限元分析范例精选[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004
[50]王国强.实用工程数值模拟技术.ANSYS上的实践[M].西安：西安工业大学出版社1999.8
[51]孙菊芳.有限元法及其应用[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版.1990.7
[52]博弈创作室.APDL参数化有限元分析技术及其实用实例[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社.2004.2
[53]洪涛.适合于成都地区典型砂卵石地质水文条件的地源热泵选型研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2007
[54]四川省地质矿产局成都水文地质工程地质队 成都市水文地质工程地质环境地质综合勘察报告[S].成都：1990.10
[2]胡吉士等主编,建筑节能与设计方法[M],中国计划出版社,2005年。
[3]付详钊主编,夏热冬冷地区建筑节能技术[M],中国建筑工业出版社,2002年。
[4]杨坤丽韦延年刘晖.水平螺旋式浅埋土——气型地源热泵系统节能效益分析[J].四川建筑科学研究(已录用),2007。
[5]柳孝图主编,建筑物理[M],中国建工出版社,2000年。
[6]中华人民共和国建设部,公共建筑节能设计标准(GB50189-2005)[S],中国建筑工业出版社,2005年。
[7]建筑设计资料集(6)第二版[M],中国建筑工业出版社。
[8]涂逢祥,王美堵,世界建筑节能技术的发展趋势[J],世界建筑,1992年第4期。
[9]卢怀宾.经济危机,清洁能源危机[J].京山益信息咨询公司
[10]马最良,刘永红.热泵站的现状及在我国应用的前景[J].暖通空调,1994,24(5)：6-10.
[11]徐邦裕,陆亚俊,马最良.热泵[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1988.
[12]马最良、姚杨、赵丽莹污水源热泵系统的应用前景[J]中国给排水,2003.9
[13]H LVOH库伯,F斯泰姆莱.热泵的理论与实践[M].王子介,译.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1986.
[14]Office of Ground-Source Technologies. Environmental and Energr Benefits ofGround-Source Heat Pumps[M]. Produced for the U.S. Department of Energy(DOE)by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, a DOE national Labortory, DOE/Go-10098-653,1999:1-4.
[15]CD Orio. A New England School& Climate Master Ground-Source Heat Pumps,Hastings School westborough MA, Fist Successful 100% Ground-Source School in New England[R].1997:1-16. http://www. w-esco. com/hastings.pdf.
[16]P J Lienall, T L Boyd, R L Rogers. Ground-Source Heat Pump case Studies
and Utility Programs[R]. U.S. Department of Energy Ground-Source Division. '1995:1-5.
[17]K Rffery. A Capital Comparison of Comercial Ground-Souce Heat Pump System[J].ASHRAE Transactions,1995,101(2):1095-1100.
[18]Xu S. Rybch L. Utilization of Shallow Resources Performance of Direct Use System in Beijing [J]. Ground-Source Resource Council Transactions,2003(27): 115-118.
[19]北京市统计局信息咨询中心.北京市地源热泵示范项目节能效果分析[J].太阳能信息,2005：121.
[20]倪龙.同井回灌地下水源热泵地下水运移数值模拟[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学,2004.
[21]肖益民,何雪冰,刘宪英.地源热泵空调系统的设计施工方法及应用实例[J].现代空调,2001(3)：1-10.
[22]Dvid R. Dinse. Ground-Source System for School[J]. ASHRAE Journl,1998, 40(5):36-40.
[23]张佩芳,袁寿其.地源热泵的特点及其在长江流域应用前景[J].流体机械,2003,31(2)：9,50-52.
[24]高青,于鸣.高效环保效能好的供热制冷装置——地源热泵的开发与利用[J].吉林大学自然科学学报,2001,31(2)：96-102.
[25]郑祖义.热泵空调的设计与创新[M].武汉：华中理工大学出版社,1994.
[26]寿青云,陈汝东.高效节能空调—地源热泵[J].节能,2001(1)：41-45
[27]刘冬生,孙友宏.浅层地能利用新技术—地源热泵技术[J].岩土工程技术,2003(1)：57-59.
[28]二十一世纪最有效的供暖空调技术—节能环保型地源热泵空调系统[R].http://www.hvcnet.com.cn/service/dyrb/bbs.
[29]孙友宏,胡克,状迎春,等。岩土钻掘工程应用的又一新领域——地源热泵技术[J].岩土钻掘工程,2002(增刊)：7-12.
[30]丁力行,陈季芬,彭梦珑.土壤源热泵垂直单埋换热性能影响因素研究[J].流体机械,2002,30(3)：47-49.
[31]D A Ball, R D Fischer, D L Hodgett Design methods for ground-source heat pumps [J]. ASHRAE Trans-actions,1983,89(part 2B):416-440
[32]O J Svec, L E Goodrich, J H L Palmer. Heat transfer
characteristics of in-ground heat exchangers [J]. En-ergy Research, 1986,7(3):265-278.
[33]取云霞,方肇洪,张林华,等。太阳能辅助供暖的地源热泵经济性分析[J].可再生能源,2003(1)：8-10.
[34]殷平.地源热泵在中国[J].现代空调,2001(3)：1-9.
[35]王永镖,李炳熙,姜宝成.地源热泵运行经济性分析[J].热能动力工程,2002,17(6)：565-567.
[36]C D Orio, Ground-Source Heat Pump Applications[J]. Energy,1999,96(3):58-79.
[37]G K Yuill, v Mikler, Analysis of the Effect of Induced Groundwater Flow on Heat Transfer from a Vertical Open-Hole Concentric-Tube Thermal Well [J]. ASHRAE Transactions,1995,101 (1):173-185.
[38]C Yvuzturk, A D Chiasson. Performnce Analysis of U-Tube Concentric Tube and Standing Column Well Ground Heat Exchangers Using a System Simulation Approach [J]. ASHRAE Transactions,2002,108 (1):925-938.
[39]徐伟等.地源热泵工程技术指南[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2001.11
[40]谢汝镛.地源热泵系统的设计[M].现代空调,2001.3：33～74
[41]肖益民等.地源热泵空调系统的设计施工方法及应用实例.现代空调[M],2001.3：88-100
[42]王勇.地源热泵研究(1)——地下换热器性能研究：[D].重庆：重庆建筑大学,1997
[43]ASHRAE. Design/Data manual for closed-loop ground-coupled heat pump systems[J],1985
[44]ANSYS Inc. ANSYS modeling and meshing guide.Twelfth edition Cano nsburg:SAS IP Inc2001:2538
[45]ANSYS Inc. ANSYS热分析分析指南[M].1998
[46]俞昌铭.热传导及其数值分析[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1981
[47]小讽工作室,最新经典ANSYS及Workbench教程[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2004
[48]祝效华,余志祥等..ANSYS高级工程有限元分析范例精选[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2004
[49]龚曙光,谢桂兰.ANSYS操作命令与参数化编程ANSYS高级工程有限元分析范例精选[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004
[50]王国强.实用工程数值模拟技术.ANSYS上的实践[M].西安：西安工业大学出版社1999.8
[51]孙菊芳.有限元法及其应用[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版.1990.7
[52]博弈创作室.APDL参数化有限元分析技术及其实用实例[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社.2004.2
[53]洪涛.适合于成都地区典型砂卵石地质水文条件的地源热泵选型研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2007
[54]四川省地质矿产局成都水文地质工程地质队 成都市水文地质工程地质环境地质综合勘察报告[S].成都：1990.10