湿式空冷器的研制
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摘要
水冷和空冷是目前工业装置中最重要的两种冷却方式,发展空冷技术和设备能够满足节水、保护环境和节能的要求,空冷器就是利用空冷技术研制的一种工业生产的重要设备。
本文对空冷器的基本组成如管束、构架、风机、百叶窗等部件作了介绍,由于干式空冷器的冷却能力受环境气温的影响较大,从能耗、水耗、平面布置、性能和经济性等方面考虑,湿式空冷器比干式空冷器具有更大的优势。对湿式空冷器进行了设计计算,包括湿式空冷器的传热机理、喷雾后空气入口温度、空气出口温度、喷水量的选择、传热系数计算、空气侧压力损失和设计计算步骤等,同时对空冷器设计中的一些重要问题如翅片管参数的优化、空冷器的防冻设计、空冷器的节能、噪声振动及控制进行了分析与说明,列举了空冷器在工业中的应用情况。
最后对空冷器的发展做了展望,认为板式空冷器是未来的发展。
Water-cool and air-cool are two kinds most important cooling methods for current industrial units. The development of air-cool technology and device can meet demands of saving water, protecting the environment and saving energy. The air cooler which uses air-cool technology is a very important device of industrial production.
This thesis introduces the components of air cooler such as tube bundle, framework, blower, shutters. The cooling capability of dry-style air cooler is effectted more by environmental air temperature. Considering energy consumption, water consumption, plane layout, performance and economical efficiency, wet-style air cooler is more advantages than dry-style air cooler. Design calculations are done for wet-style air cooler with heat transferming mechanism, air inlet temperature after spray, air oytlet temperature, choice of water spray amount, heat transferring coefficient, air lateral pressure loss and design calculation procedures. At the same time, some important problems of air cooler design are analyzed and explained, including finned tube paremeter optimization, anti-freeze design of air cooler, saving energy of air cooler, noise vibration and control. The applications of air cooler are enumerated in industries.
Finally, the prospect of air cooler is made out. Plate type air cooler is promising.
本文对空冷器的基本组成如管束、构架、风机、百叶窗等部件作了介绍,由于干式空冷器的冷却能力受环境气温的影响较大,从能耗、水耗、平面布置、性能和经济性等方面考虑,湿式空冷器比干式空冷器具有更大的优势。对湿式空冷器进行了设计计算,包括湿式空冷器的传热机理、喷雾后空气入口温度、空气出口温度、喷水量的选择、传热系数计算、空气侧压力损失和设计计算步骤等,同时对空冷器设计中的一些重要问题如翅片管参数的优化、空冷器的防冻设计、空冷器的节能、噪声振动及控制进行了分析与说明,列举了空冷器在工业中的应用情况。
最后对空冷器的发展做了展望,认为板式空冷器是未来的发展。
Water-cool and air-cool are two kinds most important cooling methods for current industrial units. The development of air-cool technology and device can meet demands of saving water, protecting the environment and saving energy. The air cooler which uses air-cool technology is a very important device of industrial production.
This thesis introduces the components of air cooler such as tube bundle, framework, blower, shutters. The cooling capability of dry-style air cooler is effectted more by environmental air temperature. Considering energy consumption, water consumption, plane layout, performance and economical efficiency, wet-style air cooler is more advantages than dry-style air cooler. Design calculations are done for wet-style air cooler with heat transferming mechanism, air inlet temperature after spray, air oytlet temperature, choice of water spray amount, heat transferring coefficient, air lateral pressure loss and design calculation procedures. At the same time, some important problems of air cooler design are analyzed and explained, including finned tube paremeter optimization, anti-freeze design of air cooler, saving energy of air cooler, noise vibration and control. The applications of air cooler are enumerated in industries.
Finally, the prospect of air cooler is made out. Plate type air cooler is promising.
引文
[1]兰州石油机械研究所,换热器,北京,烃加工出版社,1990.
[2] GB/T 15386-94,空冷式换热器,北京,中国标准出版社,1994.
[3]红日散热器厂,U型翅片管及加工设备,开封,样本。
[4]上海江湾化工机械厂,空气冷却器,上海,样本。
[5]邵建海,杜杰,刘加伟.提高湿式空冷器风机可靠性的方法.中国设备工程,2007,02,p27.
[6] API Std661,Air Cooled Heat Exchangers for General Refinery Service,北京,石油工业出版社,1997.
[7]张凤娟,姚田绪.表面蒸发式空冷器管箱管束试漏堵漏工装.石油化工设备,2008,37(6),p68-69.
[8]王中、齐景隆、陈铮、孔宪君。天然气用椭圆波纹管干/湿式空气冷却器研究.石油机械,2005,33(8),p51-52.
[9]赖周平.翅片管几何参数的评价.化工炼油机械,1982.5,兰州,1982.
[10]卞庆生.国外机械工业基本情况.化工炼油设备,北京,机械工业出版社,1995年11月.
[11] R.Mukherjee,Effectivery Design Aircooled Heat Exchangers》, CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROGRESS FEBRUARY,1997.
[12] JB/T 4740-1997,空冷式换热器型式与基本参数,北京,中国标准出版社。
[13] JB/T 4722-1992,管壳式换热器用螺纹换热管基本参数与技术条件,北京,中国标准出版社。
[14] ISO13706, Petroleum and natural gas Industries - Air cooled heat excha-ngers. printed in Switzerland 2000。
[15]孔繁民、王秉文等,轧片式与缠绕式翅片管性能试验的比较,石油化工设备,1993年22卷36-38页,兰州,1993。
[16]《新结构空冷器矩形管箱》,中国专利-ZL98218590.1,国家专利局,1999年7月。
[17]中国石油天然气总公司装备局,变频调速应用技术,北京,石油工业出版社,1992年1月。
[18] WM.罗森诺等,谢力译,蒋章焰校,传热学应用手册,北京,科学出版社,1992。
[19]马义伟,空冷器设计与应用,哈尔滨,哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1998。
[20] Spraying systems Co. Spiraljet Spray Nozzles,USA,1994,样本。
[21]阎汉章,关于新疆红雁池二电厂采用空冷机组可行性问题商讨,山西,第二次国际空冷技术研讨会中文论文集,1995年8月。A rthur P. Fraas, Heat Exchanger Design,1965
[22]甘肃蓝科石化设备有限责任公司,板式空冷器,兰州,样本。
[2] GB/T 15386-94,空冷式换热器,北京,中国标准出版社,1994.
[3]红日散热器厂,U型翅片管及加工设备,开封,样本。
[4]上海江湾化工机械厂,空气冷却器,上海,样本。
[5]邵建海,杜杰,刘加伟.提高湿式空冷器风机可靠性的方法.中国设备工程,2007,02,p27.
[6] API Std661,Air Cooled Heat Exchangers for General Refinery Service,北京,石油工业出版社,1997.
[7]张凤娟,姚田绪.表面蒸发式空冷器管箱管束试漏堵漏工装.石油化工设备,2008,37(6),p68-69.
[8]王中、齐景隆、陈铮、孔宪君。天然气用椭圆波纹管干/湿式空气冷却器研究.石油机械,2005,33(8),p51-52.
[9]赖周平.翅片管几何参数的评价.化工炼油机械,1982.5,兰州,1982.
[10]卞庆生.国外机械工业基本情况.化工炼油设备,北京,机械工业出版社,1995年11月.
[11] R.Mukherjee,Effectivery Design Aircooled Heat Exchangers》, CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROGRESS FEBRUARY,1997.
[12] JB/T 4740-1997,空冷式换热器型式与基本参数,北京,中国标准出版社。
[13] JB/T 4722-1992,管壳式换热器用螺纹换热管基本参数与技术条件,北京,中国标准出版社。
[14] ISO13706, Petroleum and natural gas Industries - Air cooled heat excha-ngers. printed in Switzerland 2000。
[15]孔繁民、王秉文等,轧片式与缠绕式翅片管性能试验的比较,石油化工设备,1993年22卷36-38页,兰州,1993。
[16]《新结构空冷器矩形管箱》,中国专利-ZL98218590.1,国家专利局,1999年7月。
[17]中国石油天然气总公司装备局,变频调速应用技术,北京,石油工业出版社,1992年1月。
[18] WM.罗森诺等,谢力译,蒋章焰校,传热学应用手册,北京,科学出版社,1992。
[19]马义伟,空冷器设计与应用,哈尔滨,哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1998。
[20] Spraying systems Co. Spiraljet Spray Nozzles,USA,1994,样本。
[21]阎汉章,关于新疆红雁池二电厂采用空冷机组可行性问题商讨,山西,第二次国际空冷技术研讨会中文论文集,1995年8月。A rthur P. Fraas, Heat Exchanger Design,1965
[22]甘肃蓝科石化设备有限责任公司,板式空冷器,兰州,样本。