移相全桥软开关升压变换器的研究
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摘要
论文选取全桥变换器作为主电路拓扑。全桥变换拓扑优点较多，是高质量、大功率变换的主流拓扑。功率密度的提高必须提高开关频率，这就要求实现开关管的软开关。高频软开关技术是电力电子学的一个重要的研究方向，是实现功率变换装置小型化，模块化的基础。而移相PwM控制方式是近年来在全桥变换电路中广泛应用的一种软开关控制方式。
本文首先分析了基本的全桥移相ZVS DC/DC变换器的工作原理，并结合具体的项目对开发过程中主要会遇到的问题进行了重点分析。
为了使变换器具有良好的动静态特性，变换器必须实现闭环控制。论文采用了单电压模式下的闭环控制，提高了变换器的动态性能和稳态性能。但是也对峰值电流模式下的双闭环控制做了一定的分析与实验。分析过程中针对全桥移相控制ZVSDC/DC变换器特有的电路性能以及变换器的动态特性，并结合移相控制的特点建立了全桥移相ZVS DC/DC变换器电路的小信号模型。为变换器控制电路的优化设计提供了理论依据。
最后论文给出了该变换器原理样机的实验结果，并对结果进行了分析。
This paper chooses full-bridge converter as main topology. Full-bridge, as a kind of main-stream topology, has a lot of merits in high quality and large power converter. It is available to improve switch frequency so as to increase power density, which requires soft switch technology. High-frequency soft switch technology plays an important role in power electronics, and it is the basis of miniaturization for power converter and modularization ,however, phase shift PWM control as a soft switch control is a widely used method in full- bridge converter.
This paper firstly analyzes the basic operation about FBPS(full bridge phase shift) ZVS DC/DC converter, and then especially illustrates some typical problems we may meet in specific items research process.
Closed loop must be implemented to ensure converter posses good dynamic and static characteristics. This paper introduces the closed loop control in single voltage model, which improves its dynamic and stable performance by leaps and bounds. Simultaneously, this paper analyzes the double closed loop control in peak current mode. Having combined FBPS ZVS DC/DC converter performance with converter dynamic character and considered phase shift character, In the experimental process, it gradually established FBPS ZVS DC/DC converter small signal model. All of this supply the theoretical basis for converter advanced design.
Eventually, the paper explains the experimental result about the converter sample, and analyzes the result in detail.
本文首先分析了基本的全桥移相ZVS DC/DC变换器的工作原理，并结合具体的项目对开发过程中主要会遇到的问题进行了重点分析。
为了使变换器具有良好的动静态特性，变换器必须实现闭环控制。论文采用了单电压模式下的闭环控制，提高了变换器的动态性能和稳态性能。但是也对峰值电流模式下的双闭环控制做了一定的分析与实验。分析过程中针对全桥移相控制ZVSDC/DC变换器特有的电路性能以及变换器的动态特性，并结合移相控制的特点建立了全桥移相ZVS DC/DC变换器电路的小信号模型。为变换器控制电路的优化设计提供了理论依据。
最后论文给出了该变换器原理样机的实验结果，并对结果进行了分析。
This paper chooses full-bridge converter as main topology. Full-bridge, as a kind of main-stream topology, has a lot of merits in high quality and large power converter. It is available to improve switch frequency so as to increase power density, which requires soft switch technology. High-frequency soft switch technology plays an important role in power electronics, and it is the basis of miniaturization for power converter and modularization ,however, phase shift PWM control as a soft switch control is a widely used method in full- bridge converter.
This paper firstly analyzes the basic operation about FBPS(full bridge phase shift) ZVS DC/DC converter, and then especially illustrates some typical problems we may meet in specific items research process.
Closed loop must be implemented to ensure converter posses good dynamic and static characteristics. This paper introduces the closed loop control in single voltage model, which improves its dynamic and stable performance by leaps and bounds. Simultaneously, this paper analyzes the double closed loop control in peak current mode. Having combined FBPS ZVS DC/DC converter performance with converter dynamic character and considered phase shift character, In the experimental process, it gradually established FBPS ZVS DC/DC converter small signal model. All of this supply the theoretical basis for converter advanced design.
Eventually, the paper explains the experimental result about the converter sample, and analyzes the result in detail.
引文
1、阮新波，《脉宽调制DC/DC全桥变换器的软开关技术》，科学出版社，2001．09
2、刘胜利，《现代高频开关电源实用技术》电子工业出版社，2001．09．01
3、张占松，蔡宣三，《开关电源的原理与设计》，电子工业出版社，2004．09
4、陈志洋，邹云屏，“移相全桥DCDC变换器动态建模研究”，电源技术与应用，vol5，No7，July 2002
5、林荫宇，张金奎，“移相全桥零电压PWM变换器的建模与仿真”，重庆大学学报，vol23， Mar，2000
6、孙强，郑湘渝，余娟“倍流整流方式ZVS PWM全桥变换器的控制系统设计”，通信电源技术
7、万山明，吴芳，“开关电源(Buck电路)的小信号模型及环路设计”，电源技术应用
8、蒋玉萍，“移相谐振全桥软开关控制器UCC3895”，电源世界
9、赵修科，“开关电源中磁性元器件”
10、王建冈 阮新波 “改进型倍流整流器电路ZVS PWM全桥变换器的参数设计及优化”，盐城工学院学报 2001．7
11、朱俊星 华伟，“电流模式控制倍流整流器ZVS PWM全桥DC-DC变换器的研究”，北方交通大学电气工程学院
12、徐洋玮，“电源技术与电子变压器”，国际电子变压器
13、李琪，袁明祥，马皓，“改进型全桥移相ZVS-PWM DC/DC变换器”，电子技术应用 2000405
14、万成安，刘文青“有源箝位 ZVS-PWM开关变换器的分析和研究”中国空间科学技术 2000．2：pp 64-69
15、蒋强，张代润，“轻载或空载时软开关DC-DC变换器的实现及仿真研究”
16、阮新波，严仰光，“软开关PWN DC/DC全桥变换器的理论基础”
17、李伟东，“全桥移相软开关电源超前和滞后桥臂实现ZVS的研究”，
18、毛明，黄念慈，“铁氧体磁心电感的设计”
19、Gwan-Bon Koo; Gun-Woo Moon; Myung-Joong Youn, " New zero-voltage-switching phase-shift full-bridge converter with low conduction losses", Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on Volume 52, Issue 1, Feb. 2005 Page(s):228- 235
20、Song-Yi Lin; Chern-Lin Chen, " Analysis and design for RCD clamped snubber used in output rectifier of phase-shift full-bridge ZVS converters", Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on Volume 45, Issue 2, April 1998 Page(s):358-359
21、Kolar, J.W.; Ertl, H.; Erhartt, L.L.; Zach, F.C, "Analysis of turn-off behavior and switching losses of a 1200 V/50 A zero-voltage or zero-current switched IGBT", Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, 1991, Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE28 Sept.-4 Oct. 1991 Page(s):1508-1514 vol.2
22、Walters, M.M.; Polivka, W.M., "Extending the range of soft-switching in resonant-transition DC-DC converters", Telecommunications Energy Conference, 1992. INTELEC '92., 14th International4-8 Oct. 1992 Page(s):343-350
23、Guan-Chyun Hsieh; Jung-Chien Li; Ming-Huei Liaw; Jia-Perng Wang; Tsai-Fu Hung, " A study on full-bridge zero-voltage-switched PWM converter: design and experimentation", Industrial Electronics, Control, and Instrumentation, 1993. Proceedings of the IECON '93, International Conference on 15-19 Nov. 1993 Page(s): 1281-1285 vol.2
24、Xu Xiaofeng, " Small-signal model for current mode control full-bridge phase-shifted ZVS converter", Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2000. Proceedings. PIEMC 2000. The Third International Volume 1, 15-18Aug. 2000 Page(s):514-518 vol.1
25、Zhang, J.M.; Xie, X.G; Wu, X.K.; Zhaoming Qian, " Comparison study of phase-shifted full bridge ZVS converters", Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2004. PESC 04. 2004 IEEE 35th Annual Volume 1, 20-25 June 2004 Page(s):533 - 539 Vol.1
26、Schutten, M.J.; Torrey, D.A., "Improved small-signal analysis for the phase-shifted PWM power converter", Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on Volume 18, Issue 2, March 2003 Page(s):659-669
27、Ayyanar, R.; Mohan, N., "Novel soft-switching DC-DC convener with full ZVS-range and reduced filter requirement. Ⅰ. Regulated-output applications ", Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on Volume 16, Issue 2, March 2001 Page(s):184-192
28、Xinke Wu; Zhang, J.M.; Zhaoming Qian, "Optimum design considerations for a high efficiency ZVS full bridge DC-DC converter", Telecommunications Energy Conference, 2004. INTELEC 2004. 26th Annual International19-23 Sept. 2004 Page(s):338-344
29、Garcia, V.; Rico, M.; Sebastian, J.; Hernando, M.M.; Uceda, J., "An optimized DC-to-DC convener topology for high-voltage pulse-load applications", Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC '94 Record., 25th Annual IEEE20-25 June 1994 Page(s): 1413-1421 vol.2
30、Marx, M.; Schroder, D., "Analysis of a zero-voltage-transition DC-DC full-bridge converter", Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 1995. PESC '95 Record., 26th Annual IEEEVolume 1, 18-22 June 1995 Page(s):298-303 vol. 1
31、Gang Chen; Yin-Shu Lee; Dehong Xu; Yousheng Wang, "A novel soft-switching and low-conduction-loss bidirectional DC-DC convener" , Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2000. Proceedings. PIEMC 2000. The Third International Volume 3, 15-18 Aug. 2000 Page(s):1166-1171 vol.3
32、Robtert Mammano, "Switching Power Supply Topology Voltage Mode vs. Current Mode. ",Unitrode Application Design Note, 1993,587-589.
33、V.Vlatkovic, J.A.Sabate, "Small-signal Analysis of the Zero-voltage-switched, Full-bridge PWM Convener.", HFPC 1990, pp.262-272.
34、Fu-Shen Tsai, "Small-signal and Transient Analysis of a Zero-Voltage-Switched, Phase-Control PWM Converter using Averaged Switch Model" ,IEEE Industrial Applications Society Annual Meeting, 1991 ,pp. 1010-1011 6.
35、Sabate J A, Vlatkovic V, Ridley, "Design considerations for high-voltage high-power full bridge zero-voltage-switched PWM converter"APEC, 19901275-284
36、G. Hua, "Soft-switching techniques for pulse-width-modulated converters,"Ph.D, dissertation, Virginia Power Electron. Ctr., Virginia Polytech. Inst. State Univ., Blacksburg, Apr. 1994.
37、Lloyd Dixon, "Average Current Mode Control of Switching Power Supplies", APPLICATION NOTE, 1999, Texas Instruments Incorporated
38、Shi-Ping Hsu, A. Brown, L. Rensink, R. Middlebrook "Modelling and Analysis of Switching DC-to-DC Converters in Constant-Frequency Current-Programmed Mode," PESC '79 Record (IEEE Publication 79CH1461-3 AES), pp. 284-301.
39、R. Redl, I. Novak "Instabilities in Current-Mode Controlled Switching Voltage Regulators," PESC '81 Record (IEEE Publication 81CH1652-7 AES), pp. 17-28.
40、"Modelling, Analysis and compensation of the current-mode converter", APPLICATION NOTE, 1999, Texas Instruments Incorporated
41、D.J.Huisman, "Fast Design of Planar SMPS Transformers" , PCIM'97 pp323～pp332
42、"Permanent Magnets and Magnetism" D. Hadfield London Iliffe Books LTD 1962
43、"Permanent Magnets and Their Application" Rollin J. Parker, Robert J. Studders. John Wiley and Sons,Inc. 1962
2、刘胜利，《现代高频开关电源实用技术》电子工业出版社，2001．09．01
3、张占松，蔡宣三，《开关电源的原理与设计》，电子工业出版社，2004．09
4、陈志洋，邹云屏，“移相全桥DCDC变换器动态建模研究”，电源技术与应用，vol5，No7，July 2002
5、林荫宇，张金奎，“移相全桥零电压PWM变换器的建模与仿真”，重庆大学学报，vol23， Mar，2000
6、孙强，郑湘渝，余娟“倍流整流方式ZVS PWM全桥变换器的控制系统设计”，通信电源技术
7、万山明，吴芳，“开关电源(Buck电路)的小信号模型及环路设计”，电源技术应用
8、蒋玉萍，“移相谐振全桥软开关控制器UCC3895”，电源世界
9、赵修科，“开关电源中磁性元器件”
10、王建冈 阮新波 “改进型倍流整流器电路ZVS PWM全桥变换器的参数设计及优化”，盐城工学院学报 2001．7
11、朱俊星 华伟，“电流模式控制倍流整流器ZVS PWM全桥DC-DC变换器的研究”，北方交通大学电气工程学院
12、徐洋玮，“电源技术与电子变压器”，国际电子变压器
13、李琪，袁明祥，马皓，“改进型全桥移相ZVS-PWM DC/DC变换器”，电子技术应用 2000405
14、万成安，刘文青“有源箝位 ZVS-PWM开关变换器的分析和研究”中国空间科学技术 2000．2：pp 64-69
15、蒋强，张代润，“轻载或空载时软开关DC-DC变换器的实现及仿真研究”
16、阮新波，严仰光，“软开关PWN DC/DC全桥变换器的理论基础”
17、李伟东，“全桥移相软开关电源超前和滞后桥臂实现ZVS的研究”，
18、毛明，黄念慈，“铁氧体磁心电感的设计”
19、Gwan-Bon Koo; Gun-Woo Moon; Myung-Joong Youn, " New zero-voltage-switching phase-shift full-bridge converter with low conduction losses", Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on Volume 52, Issue 1, Feb. 2005 Page(s):228- 235
20、Song-Yi Lin; Chern-Lin Chen, " Analysis and design for RCD clamped snubber used in output rectifier of phase-shift full-bridge ZVS converters", Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on Volume 45, Issue 2, April 1998 Page(s):358-359
21、Kolar, J.W.; Ertl, H.; Erhartt, L.L.; Zach, F.C, "Analysis of turn-off behavior and switching losses of a 1200 V/50 A zero-voltage or zero-current switched IGBT", Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, 1991, Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE28 Sept.-4 Oct. 1991 Page(s):1508-1514 vol.2
22、Walters, M.M.; Polivka, W.M., "Extending the range of soft-switching in resonant-transition DC-DC converters", Telecommunications Energy Conference, 1992. INTELEC '92., 14th International4-8 Oct. 1992 Page(s):343-350
23、Guan-Chyun Hsieh; Jung-Chien Li; Ming-Huei Liaw; Jia-Perng Wang; Tsai-Fu Hung, " A study on full-bridge zero-voltage-switched PWM converter: design and experimentation", Industrial Electronics, Control, and Instrumentation, 1993. Proceedings of the IECON '93, International Conference on 15-19 Nov. 1993 Page(s): 1281-1285 vol.2
24、Xu Xiaofeng, " Small-signal model for current mode control full-bridge phase-shifted ZVS converter", Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2000. Proceedings. PIEMC 2000. The Third International Volume 1, 15-18Aug. 2000 Page(s):514-518 vol.1
25、Zhang, J.M.; Xie, X.G; Wu, X.K.; Zhaoming Qian, " Comparison study of phase-shifted full bridge ZVS converters", Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2004. PESC 04. 2004 IEEE 35th Annual Volume 1, 20-25 June 2004 Page(s):533 - 539 Vol.1
26、Schutten, M.J.; Torrey, D.A., "Improved small-signal analysis for the phase-shifted PWM power converter", Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on Volume 18, Issue 2, March 2003 Page(s):659-669
27、Ayyanar, R.; Mohan, N., "Novel soft-switching DC-DC convener with full ZVS-range and reduced filter requirement. Ⅰ. Regulated-output applications ", Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on Volume 16, Issue 2, March 2001 Page(s):184-192
28、Xinke Wu; Zhang, J.M.; Zhaoming Qian, "Optimum design considerations for a high efficiency ZVS full bridge DC-DC converter", Telecommunications Energy Conference, 2004. INTELEC 2004. 26th Annual International19-23 Sept. 2004 Page(s):338-344
29、Garcia, V.; Rico, M.; Sebastian, J.; Hernando, M.M.; Uceda, J., "An optimized DC-to-DC convener topology for high-voltage pulse-load applications", Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC '94 Record., 25th Annual IEEE20-25 June 1994 Page(s): 1413-1421 vol.2
30、Marx, M.; Schroder, D., "Analysis of a zero-voltage-transition DC-DC full-bridge converter", Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 1995. PESC '95 Record., 26th Annual IEEEVolume 1, 18-22 June 1995 Page(s):298-303 vol. 1
31、Gang Chen; Yin-Shu Lee; Dehong Xu; Yousheng Wang, "A novel soft-switching and low-conduction-loss bidirectional DC-DC convener" , Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2000. Proceedings. PIEMC 2000. The Third International Volume 3, 15-18 Aug. 2000 Page(s):1166-1171 vol.3
32、Robtert Mammano, "Switching Power Supply Topology Voltage Mode vs. Current Mode. ",Unitrode Application Design Note, 1993,587-589.
33、V.Vlatkovic, J.A.Sabate, "Small-signal Analysis of the Zero-voltage-switched, Full-bridge PWM Convener.", HFPC 1990, pp.262-272.
34、Fu-Shen Tsai, "Small-signal and Transient Analysis of a Zero-Voltage-Switched, Phase-Control PWM Converter using Averaged Switch Model" ,IEEE Industrial Applications Society Annual Meeting, 1991 ,pp. 1010-1011 6.
35、Sabate J A, Vlatkovic V, Ridley, "Design considerations for high-voltage high-power full bridge zero-voltage-switched PWM converter"APEC, 19901275-284
36、G. Hua, "Soft-switching techniques for pulse-width-modulated converters,"Ph.D, dissertation, Virginia Power Electron. Ctr., Virginia Polytech. Inst. State Univ., Blacksburg, Apr. 1994.
37、Lloyd Dixon, "Average Current Mode Control of Switching Power Supplies", APPLICATION NOTE, 1999, Texas Instruments Incorporated
38、Shi-Ping Hsu, A. Brown, L. Rensink, R. Middlebrook "Modelling and Analysis of Switching DC-to-DC Converters in Constant-Frequency Current-Programmed Mode," PESC '79 Record (IEEE Publication 79CH1461-3 AES), pp. 284-301.
39、R. Redl, I. Novak "Instabilities in Current-Mode Controlled Switching Voltage Regulators," PESC '81 Record (IEEE Publication 81CH1652-7 AES), pp. 17-28.
40、"Modelling, Analysis and compensation of the current-mode converter", APPLICATION NOTE, 1999, Texas Instruments Incorporated
41、D.J.Huisman, "Fast Design of Planar SMPS Transformers" , PCIM'97 pp323～pp332
42、"Permanent Magnets and Magnetism" D. Hadfield London Iliffe Books LTD 1962
43、"Permanent Magnets and Their Application" Rollin J. Parker, Robert J. Studders. John Wiley and Sons,Inc. 1962