基于软开关全桥变换器的电动汽车充电电源设计
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摘要
当今世界,环境污染严重,能源出现危机,机动车辆排气污染已占城市大气污染的很大比重,电动汽车作为无污染交通工具,在市场上具有很大的优越性。而电动汽车充电技术也在不断发展,不断优化。奥运临近,我国为把2008年北京奥运会办成真正的绿色奥运,将在奥运村及北京很多范围内使用电动汽车。本论文针对2008北京奥运会用电动汽车,对其充电电源进行了系统的研究设计。本文提出了以零电压零电流(ZVZCS)全桥软开关变换器为主拓扑的充电电源系统,实现了较高功率因数与高效率的充电设备。文中首先总结了电动汽车充电电源的研究现状和充电控制策略,进行了多种全桥软开关拓扑比较,最终选择采用副边简单辅助电路的ZVZCS变换器拓扑,该拓扑使用一个电容和两个二极管构成副边辅助电路,无需有损元件和有源开关器件,辅助电路构成简单,控制方法简单,能很好的实现主开关器件的ZVZCS,也能嵌位副边整流电压。以可靠性为大前提,对充电电源进行了参数设计。另外,本文针对轻载情况下,超前臂不能实现零电压开通的问题,对变换器进行了改进,实现了全负载范围的软开关。实验结果验证了该拓扑应用于电动汽车充电电源的可行性。
In present times, energy crisis and environmental pollution are increasingly serious. Air pollution caused by motor vehicle exhausts accounts for a large proportion in urban air pollution. However, electric vehicle as a non-polluting transportation tool, will have great advantages in the market, meanwhile, the charging technology for electric vehicle is also constantly and continuously improved and optimized. As 2008 Olympics is approaching, China will utilize electric vehicles extensively in Beijing such as in the Olympic village to make the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games a real Green Olympic Games. Under this background, the thesis intends to research and systemically design power supply for charging up the electric vehicles, presents a charging power supply system, of which the main circuit topology is a zero-voltage and zero-current (ZVZCS) full-bridge converter topology, resulting in a relatively high power factor and high efficiency charging equipment. Firstly, the thesis summarizes the present research situation of the charger and charge control strategy, then comparatively studies a variety of soft-switching full bridge topology, and finally selects a novel zero-voltage and zero-current-switching full-bridge converter using a simple auxiliary circuit. The simple auxiliary circuit, which consists of one small capacitor and two small diodes, is added in the secondary. The simple auxiliary circuit, which consists of one small capacitor and two small diodes, is added in the secondary. The auxiliary circuit includes neither lossy components nor additional active switches, its structure and control method is simple. It can provide ZVZCS conditions to primary switches, as well as to clamp secondary rectifier voltage. Based on the premise of the reliability of power supply, its parameters were design and compute. In addition, since the converter's leading leg switches' ZVS cannot be realized in the light load period, the novel ZVZCS full bridge converter was improved. Finally, it achieved soft-switch in its all load range. The results of the experiment validate the feasibility of using the topology in electric vehicle charger.
In present times, energy crisis and environmental pollution are increasingly serious. Air pollution caused by motor vehicle exhausts accounts for a large proportion in urban air pollution. However, electric vehicle as a non-polluting transportation tool, will have great advantages in the market, meanwhile, the charging technology for electric vehicle is also constantly and continuously improved and optimized. As 2008 Olympics is approaching, China will utilize electric vehicles extensively in Beijing such as in the Olympic village to make the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games a real Green Olympic Games. Under this background, the thesis intends to research and systemically design power supply for charging up the electric vehicles, presents a charging power supply system, of which the main circuit topology is a zero-voltage and zero-current (ZVZCS) full-bridge converter topology, resulting in a relatively high power factor and high efficiency charging equipment. Firstly, the thesis summarizes the present research situation of the charger and charge control strategy, then comparatively studies a variety of soft-switching full bridge topology, and finally selects a novel zero-voltage and zero-current-switching full-bridge converter using a simple auxiliary circuit. The simple auxiliary circuit, which consists of one small capacitor and two small diodes, is added in the secondary. The simple auxiliary circuit, which consists of one small capacitor and two small diodes, is added in the secondary. The auxiliary circuit includes neither lossy components nor additional active switches, its structure and control method is simple. It can provide ZVZCS conditions to primary switches, as well as to clamp secondary rectifier voltage. Based on the premise of the reliability of power supply, its parameters were design and compute. In addition, since the converter's leading leg switches' ZVS cannot be realized in the light load period, the novel ZVZCS full bridge converter was improved. Finally, it achieved soft-switch in its all load range. The results of the experiment validate the feasibility of using the topology in electric vehicle charger.
引文
[1]胡志洁,冯能莲等 奥运场馆用电动汽车研究 商用汽车杂志2006年第10期 P45-47
[2]罗飞路,徐小杰.充电电源原理及其应用.大众用电.2003年第6期.P42-43
[3]秦海鸿,朱德明,严仰光 电动汽车充电器电路拓扑的设计考虑 电源技术应用第7卷第2期2004年2月 P97-104
[4]刘志宇,都东,齐国光 感应充电技术的发展与应用 电力电子技术 第38卷第3期2004年6月 P92-94
[5]侯聪玲,吴捷,李金鹏,张淼 蓄电池充电方法的研究 电源技术应用 第7卷第2期2004年2月P118-121
[6]李升,姜久春,张维戈.新型ZVZCS全桥软开关变换器研究及其改进.电力电子技术.2008.VOL.42 NO.2 P21-23.
[7]Jung G.Cho,Juan A.Sabate,Guichao Hua and Fred C.Lee.Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current-Switching Full Bridge PWM Converter for High Power Applications.Power Electronics,IEEE Transactions on Volume 11,Issue 4.July 1996.Page(s):622-628
[8]Jung G.Cho,Geun H.Rim,Lee F.C.Zero-voltage and zero-current-switching full-bridge PWM converter using secondary active clamp.27th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Confercncc(PESC'96).Bavcno.1996.Vol:1.657-663.
[9]Jung-Goo Cho,Ju-Won Baek,Chang-Yong Jeong,Dong-Wook Yoo,Kee-Yeon Joc.Novel zero-voltage and zero-current-switching full bridge PWM converter using transformer auxiliary winding.Power Electronics,IEEE Transactions on Volume 15,Issue 2.March 2000.Page(s):250-257
[10]Eun-Soo Kim,Kee-Yeon Joe,Moon-Ho Kye,Yoon-Ho Kim,Byung-Do Yoon.An improved ZVZCS PWM FB DC/DC converter using energy recovery snubber.Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,1997.APEC ' 97 Conference Proceedings 1997,Twelfth Annual.Volume 2,23-27.Feb 1997.Page(s):1014-1019 vol.2
[11]Jung-Goo Cho;Ju-Won Baek;Chang-Yong Jeong;Geun-Hie Rim.Novel zero-voltage and zero-current-switching full-bridge PWM converter using a simple auxiliary circuit.Industry Applications,IEEE Transactions on Volume 35,Issue 1.Jan.-Feb.1999.Page(s):15-20
[12]Hang-Seok Choi;Kim,J.W.;Cho,B.H.Novel zero-voltage and zero-current-switching(ZVZCS)full-bridge PWM converter using coupled output inductor.Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,2001.APEC 2001.Sixteenth Annual IEEE.Volume 2.4-8 March 2001.Page(s):967-973 vol.2
[13]张勇强.基于DSP的移相全桥ZVZCS变换器[学位论文].北京交通大学.2007年3月
[14]阮新波,严仰光 脉宽调制DC/DC全桥变换器的软开关技术.北京 科学出版社 1999年
[15]吴东法译,陈志森校 变压器与电感设计手册
[16]张占松,蔡宣三,开关电源的原理与设计,北京电子工业出版社 2004年9月
[17]郑义,姜久春,张维戈,牛利勇 基于FB-ZVZCS-PWM变换器的10kW充电机设计 电气应用 2007年第26卷第9期 P57-59
[18]裴云庆,姜桂宾,王兆安LC滤波的三相桥式整流电路网侧谐波分析 电力电子技术2003年VOL.37 NO.3 P34-36
[19]石健将,张建国.两种三相无源功率因数校正技术的比较研究.电力电子技术.2005年4月.第39卷.第2期.P42-44
[20]张勇强.基于DSP的移相全桥ZVZCS变换器[学位论文].北京交通大学.2007年3月
[21]张哲,张纯江,沈虹.新型移相控制器UCC3895的应用研究.电力电子技术.2005年.第39卷,3期.P64-65
[22]邓宇航,韩明武,杨威.IGBT集成驱动电路及其功率扩展.电子器件.2005年.第3期.P539-541
[23]蓝宏,胡广艳,张立伟,叶斌.大电流高频IGBT用M57962L驱动能力解决方案.电气时代.2006年.第12期.P138-140
[24]王聪.软开关功率变换器及其应用.北京.科学出版社.1999年12月
[25]阮新波,严仰光.直流开关电源的软开关技术.北京.科学出版社.2000年
[26]三菱电机.第三代IGBT和智能功率模块应用手册
[27]华伟,周文定.现代电力电子器件及其应用.北京.北京交通大学出版社.2002年3月
[2]罗飞路,徐小杰.充电电源原理及其应用.大众用电.2003年第6期.P42-43
[3]秦海鸿,朱德明,严仰光 电动汽车充电器电路拓扑的设计考虑 电源技术应用第7卷第2期2004年2月 P97-104
[4]刘志宇,都东,齐国光 感应充电技术的发展与应用 电力电子技术 第38卷第3期2004年6月 P92-94
[5]侯聪玲,吴捷,李金鹏,张淼 蓄电池充电方法的研究 电源技术应用 第7卷第2期2004年2月P118-121
[6]李升,姜久春,张维戈.新型ZVZCS全桥软开关变换器研究及其改进.电力电子技术.2008.VOL.42 NO.2 P21-23.
[7]Jung G.Cho,Juan A.Sabate,Guichao Hua and Fred C.Lee.Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current-Switching Full Bridge PWM Converter for High Power Applications.Power Electronics,IEEE Transactions on Volume 11,Issue 4.July 1996.Page(s):622-628
[8]Jung G.Cho,Geun H.Rim,Lee F.C.Zero-voltage and zero-current-switching full-bridge PWM converter using secondary active clamp.27th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Confercncc(PESC'96).Bavcno.1996.Vol:1.657-663.
[9]Jung-Goo Cho,Ju-Won Baek,Chang-Yong Jeong,Dong-Wook Yoo,Kee-Yeon Joc.Novel zero-voltage and zero-current-switching full bridge PWM converter using transformer auxiliary winding.Power Electronics,IEEE Transactions on Volume 15,Issue 2.March 2000.Page(s):250-257
[10]Eun-Soo Kim,Kee-Yeon Joe,Moon-Ho Kye,Yoon-Ho Kim,Byung-Do Yoon.An improved ZVZCS PWM FB DC/DC converter using energy recovery snubber.Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,1997.APEC ' 97 Conference Proceedings 1997,Twelfth Annual.Volume 2,23-27.Feb 1997.Page(s):1014-1019 vol.2
[11]Jung-Goo Cho;Ju-Won Baek;Chang-Yong Jeong;Geun-Hie Rim.Novel zero-voltage and zero-current-switching full-bridge PWM converter using a simple auxiliary circuit.Industry Applications,IEEE Transactions on Volume 35,Issue 1.Jan.-Feb.1999.Page(s):15-20
[12]Hang-Seok Choi;Kim,J.W.;Cho,B.H.Novel zero-voltage and zero-current-switching(ZVZCS)full-bridge PWM converter using coupled output inductor.Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,2001.APEC 2001.Sixteenth Annual IEEE.Volume 2.4-8 March 2001.Page(s):967-973 vol.2
[13]张勇强.基于DSP的移相全桥ZVZCS变换器[学位论文].北京交通大学.2007年3月
[14]阮新波,严仰光 脉宽调制DC/DC全桥变换器的软开关技术.北京 科学出版社 1999年
[15]吴东法译,陈志森校 变压器与电感设计手册
[16]张占松,蔡宣三,开关电源的原理与设计,北京电子工业出版社 2004年9月
[17]郑义,姜久春,张维戈,牛利勇 基于FB-ZVZCS-PWM变换器的10kW充电机设计 电气应用 2007年第26卷第9期 P57-59
[18]裴云庆,姜桂宾,王兆安LC滤波的三相桥式整流电路网侧谐波分析 电力电子技术2003年VOL.37 NO.3 P34-36
[19]石健将,张建国.两种三相无源功率因数校正技术的比较研究.电力电子技术.2005年4月.第39卷.第2期.P42-44
[20]张勇强.基于DSP的移相全桥ZVZCS变换器[学位论文].北京交通大学.2007年3月
[21]张哲,张纯江,沈虹.新型移相控制器UCC3895的应用研究.电力电子技术.2005年.第39卷,3期.P64-65
[22]邓宇航,韩明武,杨威.IGBT集成驱动电路及其功率扩展.电子器件.2005年.第3期.P539-541
[23]蓝宏,胡广艳,张立伟,叶斌.大电流高频IGBT用M57962L驱动能力解决方案.电气时代.2006年.第12期.P138-140
[24]王聪.软开关功率变换器及其应用.北京.科学出版社.1999年12月
[25]阮新波,严仰光.直流开关电源的软开关技术.北京.科学出版社.2000年
[26]三菱电机.第三代IGBT和智能功率模块应用手册
[27]华伟,周文定.现代电力电子器件及其应用.北京.北京交通大学出版社.2002年3月