基于oSIP协议栈的VoIP网关功能研究与实现
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摘要
VoIP(Voice over IP)是下一代网络NGN(Next Generation Net)的一个研究热点,具有广阔的应用市场。它以分组的形式传输语音数据,能提供创新的综合业务和功能,其发展的关键技术之一就是信令技术。SIP(Session Initiation Protocol)协议是专门针对IP电话提出的一种信令协议,增加了QoS(Quality of Service)要求。SIP协议借鉴了许多互联网标准和协议的设计思想,在风格上遵循兼容、可扩展等原则;支持传统公共电话网的各种业务。由于SIP系统往往工作在开放、复杂的网络环境之中,使得SIP网络元素和SIP消息可能面对各种各样的安全威胁和攻击。
本文重点是将oSIP(Open Session Initiation Protocol)协议栈引入嵌入式环境中,使VoIP网关与其他网络设备间的互操作性增强。成功实现了网关新的业务功能,通过加密处理和网关注册服务器时采用摘要认证的手段,保证了网关在网络中的通信安全。
本文首先介绍了VoIP原理及技术,分析了VoIP网关在网络中的作用;接着说明了SIP各网络元素作用和SIP消息组成及功能,通过研究oSIP协议栈来分析SIP消息解析和生成方法;随后给出了VoIP网关的硬件组成,在充分考虑硬件资源的情况下制定了开发应用层各软件模块的方案及相互之间的作用机制。最后实现了网关的呼叫转移、SIP消息的加密、注册时摘要认证等功能,通过测试验证了设计方案和开发流程的合理性。
VoIP网关呼叫转移的功能实现不仅满足了市场的需求,而且提高了本产品在同类产品中竞争力,加密的实现既保证了网络通信的安全,又能使网关更好地为客户服务。
VoIP(Voice over IP) is a one of research hotsopts of NGN(Next Generation Net) with very wide application space. It transmits the vocal data in grouping, and can provide innovative comprehensive operations and functions. One of the key techniques of its development is the signal technique. SIP(Session Initiation Protocol) protocol is one signal protocol advanced aiming at IP telephone, and it adds the Qos(Quality of Service) requirement. It adopts many a design ideology of the internet criteria and agreement, and follows the principle of compatibility and extensiveness. It can support the various operation of the traditional public telephone net. Since SIP system always works in an open and complicated network, SIP net elements and SIP information may be confronted with various safety threats and attacks.
The oSIP(Opensource Session Initiation Protocol) protocol stack is introduced into the embedded situation in the dissertation, enabling the gateway the mutual operation between the gateway and other network equipment can also get improved. The employment of oSIP protocol stack successfully realizes the new operation function of the gateway. By means of the encryption techniques and digest authentication in registering server, the communication safety of the gateway in the network can be ensured.
First, the dissertation introduces the principle and technique of VoIP, analyzes VoIP gateway functions in the network. Second, analyzes the functions of each SIP network element, the structure and functions of SIP message, and how SIP message come into being and it is parsed by studying the oSIP stack. Later, introduces the structure of gateway hardware, establish each software module in application layer and reciprocity mechanism under considering hardware resources. Finally, realize the gateway functions, such as calling transfer, encryption, digest -authentication. the rationality of design blue print and exploitation procedure are validated by testing
The calling transfer function of the gateway not only satisfy the demand of market, but also boost competition capability. Realizing the encryption not only ensure the security of the network communications, but also enable the gateway to serve customers well.
本文重点是将oSIP(Open Session Initiation Protocol)协议栈引入嵌入式环境中,使VoIP网关与其他网络设备间的互操作性增强。成功实现了网关新的业务功能,通过加密处理和网关注册服务器时采用摘要认证的手段,保证了网关在网络中的通信安全。
本文首先介绍了VoIP原理及技术,分析了VoIP网关在网络中的作用;接着说明了SIP各网络元素作用和SIP消息组成及功能,通过研究oSIP协议栈来分析SIP消息解析和生成方法;随后给出了VoIP网关的硬件组成,在充分考虑硬件资源的情况下制定了开发应用层各软件模块的方案及相互之间的作用机制。最后实现了网关的呼叫转移、SIP消息的加密、注册时摘要认证等功能,通过测试验证了设计方案和开发流程的合理性。
VoIP网关呼叫转移的功能实现不仅满足了市场的需求,而且提高了本产品在同类产品中竞争力,加密的实现既保证了网络通信的安全,又能使网关更好地为客户服务。
VoIP(Voice over IP) is a one of research hotsopts of NGN(Next Generation Net) with very wide application space. It transmits the vocal data in grouping, and can provide innovative comprehensive operations and functions. One of the key techniques of its development is the signal technique. SIP(Session Initiation Protocol) protocol is one signal protocol advanced aiming at IP telephone, and it adds the Qos(Quality of Service) requirement. It adopts many a design ideology of the internet criteria and agreement, and follows the principle of compatibility and extensiveness. It can support the various operation of the traditional public telephone net. Since SIP system always works in an open and complicated network, SIP net elements and SIP information may be confronted with various safety threats and attacks.
The oSIP(Opensource Session Initiation Protocol) protocol stack is introduced into the embedded situation in the dissertation, enabling the gateway the mutual operation between the gateway and other network equipment can also get improved. The employment of oSIP protocol stack successfully realizes the new operation function of the gateway. By means of the encryption techniques and digest authentication in registering server, the communication safety of the gateway in the network can be ensured.
First, the dissertation introduces the principle and technique of VoIP, analyzes VoIP gateway functions in the network. Second, analyzes the functions of each SIP network element, the structure and functions of SIP message, and how SIP message come into being and it is parsed by studying the oSIP stack. Later, introduces the structure of gateway hardware, establish each software module in application layer and reciprocity mechanism under considering hardware resources. Finally, realize the gateway functions, such as calling transfer, encryption, digest -authentication. the rationality of design blue print and exploitation procedure are validated by testing
The calling transfer function of the gateway not only satisfy the demand of market, but also boost competition capability. Realizing the encryption not only ensure the security of the network communications, but also enable the gateway to serve customers well.
引文
[1]路广全.VoIP终端设备的设计与实现.西北工业大学[硕士学位论文],2003:1-4.
[2] JAMES D.FOLEY, ANDRIES VAN DAM, STEVEN K.FENINER, JOHN F.HUGHES. Computer Graphics: principles and Practice[M]. Second Edition. BeiJing: China Machine Pess, 2004:10-20.
[3]张登银,孙精科.VoIP技术分析与系统设计[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2003:8-10.
[4] JONATHATN DAVIDSON, JAMES PETERS. IP语音基础[M].韩柯译.北京:电子工业出版社,2001:5-11.
[5] OLIVER HERSENT, DAVID GURLE, JEAN-PIERRE PETIT. IP电话-基于分组的多媒体通信系统[M].邝坚,戴志涛译.北京:人民邮电出版社,2000:20-33.
[6]鲁刚.VoIP技术的发展及应用[J].中国数据通信,2004(8):69-71.
[7]田辉.3GPP核心网技术[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007:5-19.
[8]殷月明.IMS、软交换、NGN:网络融合和演进[J].现代通信,2005,4(6):39-42.
[9]糜正琨.软交换组网与业务[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005:309-319.
[10]张智江,朱士钧,肖征荣.基于IMS融合开放的下一代网络[M].人民邮电出版社,2007:80-82.
[11] W.RICHAR STEVENS. TCP/IPIllustrated[M].USA:Addision Wesley,1994:20-45.
[12] DANIEL COLLINS. Carrier Grade Voice over IP[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2001:4-12.
[13] W.RICHARD STEVENS. TCP/IP详解(卷1)协议[M].范建华,胥光辉,张涛等译.北京:机械工业出版社,2000:24-243.
[14]刘晓勇.VoIP网关语音接口设计及实现.北京邮电大学[硕士学位论文],2004:2-7.
[15]陈燕,龚建荣.SIP协议的内容及其基本网络结构[J].广东通信技术,2005(4):69-71.
[16] UYLESS BLACK. VoIP:IP语音技术[M].温斌等译.北京:机械工业出版社,2000:36-89.
[17] ANDREW S, TANENBAUM.计算机网络[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002:233-245.
[18]冯华亮.IP语音及其终端技术研究.电子科技大学[硕士学位论文],2003:3-7.
[19]李卓.IP电话网关硬件平台VoIP主板卡设计与实现.吉林大学[硕士学位论文],2003:6-22.
[20] JERRY D, GIBSON.多媒体数字压缩原理与标准[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2000:10-100.
[21]赵晓群.数字语音编码[M].机械工业出版社,2007:205-230.
[22]唐颍德.VoIP技术发展综述[J].计算机应用研究,1999(11):1-3.
[23]陈德来.IP电话原理及相关技术标准[J].电信快报,1999(8):22.
[24]胡宏新.浅谈VoIP关键技术及其发展趋势[J].电信快报,2002(11):31-32.
[25] HARRY PERROS. Connection-oriented Networks[M].人民邮电出版社,2000:170-174.
[26] COLIN PERKINS. RTP: Audio and Video for the Internet[M]. PEARSON, 2003:23-34.
[27] JONATHAB ROSENBERG, HENNING SCHULZRINNE, CAMARILLO ET AL. SIP: Session Initiation Protocol. IETF RFC 3261, 2002:8-192.
[28] ANDREW S, TANENBAUM. Computer Networks[M]. Third Edition.Prentice Hall International, 1996:27-49.
[29]邢竞帆,李胜利.SIP协议的研究[J].计算机应用,2001(8):11.
[30]曾伟,孙晓玲.SIP协议的现状及应用[J].电信快报,2002(5):30-31.
[31]万敏,万晓榆.基于SIP的VoIP在下一代网络中的应用[J].重庆邮电学院学报(自然科学版),2003,36(2):85-86.
[32]徐培文,谢水珍,杨从保.软交换与SIP实用技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007:224-235.
[33]魏春城.SIP协议的特点及应用[J].电信科学,2002(9):84-85.
[34]张智江,张云勇,刘韵洁.SIP协议及其应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005:5-20.
[35]周海华,边恩炯.SIP原理与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006:5-35.
[36]林铮.软交换中的关键技术[J].SIP.通信世界,2002(19):39-40.
[37] oSIP UAER MANUAL. Aymeric Moizard GNU Free Documention[S],1999:6-56.
[38] GUY L.STEELE JR,C语言参考手册[M].邱仲潘等译.北京:机械工业出版社,2003:10-30.
[39]严蔚敏,吴伟民.数据结构[M].第二版.北京:清华大学出版社,1992:30-103.
[40]卢华,王保保.oSIP协议栈的研究及应用[J].电子科技.2006,2(197):61-64.
[41]沈鑫剡.多媒体传输网络与VoIP系统设计[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005:302-304.
[42]李岩,荣盘祥.基于S3C44B0X嵌入式uClinux系统原理及应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005:130-134.
[43] GURBANI V, SUN XIANHE. Extensions to an Internet signaling protocol to support telecommunication service[J]. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2004,38(10):53-59.
[44] J.FRANKS, J.HOSTETLER. HTTP Authentication: Basic and Digest Access Authentication[S]. RFC2617, 1999:12-68.
[45] ERIC RESCORLA. SSL与TLS Design and Build Secure Systems[M].崔凯译.北京:中国电力出版社,2002:22-26.
[46]汪晓平,种军.Visual C++网络通信协议分析与应用实现[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2003:243-257.
[2] JAMES D.FOLEY, ANDRIES VAN DAM, STEVEN K.FENINER, JOHN F.HUGHES. Computer Graphics: principles and Practice[M]. Second Edition. BeiJing: China Machine Pess, 2004:10-20.
[3]张登银,孙精科.VoIP技术分析与系统设计[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2003:8-10.
[4] JONATHATN DAVIDSON, JAMES PETERS. IP语音基础[M].韩柯译.北京:电子工业出版社,2001:5-11.
[5] OLIVER HERSENT, DAVID GURLE, JEAN-PIERRE PETIT. IP电话-基于分组的多媒体通信系统[M].邝坚,戴志涛译.北京:人民邮电出版社,2000:20-33.
[6]鲁刚.VoIP技术的发展及应用[J].中国数据通信,2004(8):69-71.
[7]田辉.3GPP核心网技术[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007:5-19.
[8]殷月明.IMS、软交换、NGN:网络融合和演进[J].现代通信,2005,4(6):39-42.
[9]糜正琨.软交换组网与业务[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005:309-319.
[10]张智江,朱士钧,肖征荣.基于IMS融合开放的下一代网络[M].人民邮电出版社,2007:80-82.
[11] W.RICHAR STEVENS. TCP/IPIllustrated[M].USA:Addision Wesley,1994:20-45.
[12] DANIEL COLLINS. Carrier Grade Voice over IP[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2001:4-12.
[13] W.RICHARD STEVENS. TCP/IP详解(卷1)协议[M].范建华,胥光辉,张涛等译.北京:机械工业出版社,2000:24-243.
[14]刘晓勇.VoIP网关语音接口设计及实现.北京邮电大学[硕士学位论文],2004:2-7.
[15]陈燕,龚建荣.SIP协议的内容及其基本网络结构[J].广东通信技术,2005(4):69-71.
[16] UYLESS BLACK. VoIP:IP语音技术[M].温斌等译.北京:机械工业出版社,2000:36-89.
[17] ANDREW S, TANENBAUM.计算机网络[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002:233-245.
[18]冯华亮.IP语音及其终端技术研究.电子科技大学[硕士学位论文],2003:3-7.
[19]李卓.IP电话网关硬件平台VoIP主板卡设计与实现.吉林大学[硕士学位论文],2003:6-22.
[20] JERRY D, GIBSON.多媒体数字压缩原理与标准[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2000:10-100.
[21]赵晓群.数字语音编码[M].机械工业出版社,2007:205-230.
[22]唐颍德.VoIP技术发展综述[J].计算机应用研究,1999(11):1-3.
[23]陈德来.IP电话原理及相关技术标准[J].电信快报,1999(8):22.
[24]胡宏新.浅谈VoIP关键技术及其发展趋势[J].电信快报,2002(11):31-32.
[25] HARRY PERROS. Connection-oriented Networks[M].人民邮电出版社,2000:170-174.
[26] COLIN PERKINS. RTP: Audio and Video for the Internet[M]. PEARSON, 2003:23-34.
[27] JONATHAB ROSENBERG, HENNING SCHULZRINNE, CAMARILLO ET AL. SIP: Session Initiation Protocol. IETF RFC 3261, 2002:8-192.
[28] ANDREW S, TANENBAUM. Computer Networks[M]. Third Edition.Prentice Hall International, 1996:27-49.
[29]邢竞帆,李胜利.SIP协议的研究[J].计算机应用,2001(8):11.
[30]曾伟,孙晓玲.SIP协议的现状及应用[J].电信快报,2002(5):30-31.
[31]万敏,万晓榆.基于SIP的VoIP在下一代网络中的应用[J].重庆邮电学院学报(自然科学版),2003,36(2):85-86.
[32]徐培文,谢水珍,杨从保.软交换与SIP实用技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007:224-235.
[33]魏春城.SIP协议的特点及应用[J].电信科学,2002(9):84-85.
[34]张智江,张云勇,刘韵洁.SIP协议及其应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005:5-20.
[35]周海华,边恩炯.SIP原理与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006:5-35.
[36]林铮.软交换中的关键技术[J].SIP.通信世界,2002(19):39-40.
[37] oSIP UAER MANUAL. Aymeric Moizard GNU Free Documention[S],1999:6-56.
[38] GUY L.STEELE JR,C语言参考手册[M].邱仲潘等译.北京:机械工业出版社,2003:10-30.
[39]严蔚敏,吴伟民.数据结构[M].第二版.北京:清华大学出版社,1992:30-103.
[40]卢华,王保保.oSIP协议栈的研究及应用[J].电子科技.2006,2(197):61-64.
[41]沈鑫剡.多媒体传输网络与VoIP系统设计[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005:302-304.
[42]李岩,荣盘祥.基于S3C44B0X嵌入式uClinux系统原理及应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005:130-134.
[43] GURBANI V, SUN XIANHE. Extensions to an Internet signaling protocol to support telecommunication service[J]. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2004,38(10):53-59.
[44] J.FRANKS, J.HOSTETLER. HTTP Authentication: Basic and Digest Access Authentication[S]. RFC2617, 1999:12-68.
[45] ERIC RESCORLA. SSL与TLS Design and Build Secure Systems[M].崔凯译.北京:中国电力出版社,2002:22-26.
[46]汪晓平,种军.Visual C++网络通信协议分析与应用实现[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2003:243-257.