基于UG的数控编程及加工自动化的研究
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摘要
数控加工编程是目前CAD/CAPP/CAM系统中最能明显发挥效益的环节之一,其核心工作是生成刀具轨迹,然后将其离散成刀位点,经后置处理产生数控加工程序。它在实现设计加工自动化、提高加工精度和加工质量、缩短产品研制周期等方面发挥着重要作用。
作为高端的CAD/CAM/CAE软件,Umgaphics(UG)软件各大功能高度集成。UGCAM是UG的计算机辅助制造模块,与UG的CAD模块紧密地集成在一起,可以为数控铣、数控车、数控电火花线切割机编程。
虽然UG CAM有着强大的功能,但CAM系统只能从CAD系统获取产品的低层几何信息,无法自动捕捉产品的几何形状信息和产品高层的功能和语言信息,它的加工参数的设置是一个复杂的过程,需要操作者有良好的机加工经验,并且有一定的数控编程和数控加工基础,当然,其中还需有UG建模的基础知识。因此,在UG数控编程过程中,会出现很多的人机交互过程,需要操作者指定各种各样加工工参数。这样对编程人员提出了很高要求,并在一定程度上延长了数控编程的时间。
本文利用UG的二次开发平台和技术对UG CAM模块中的主要三种铣削操作平面铣、型腔铣和固定轴曲面轮廓铣进行研究和二次开发,主要工作内容为:
(1)提出加工类型识别算法,对待加工的3D模型进行自动识别,提出合理的加工类型建议,供UG CAM数控编程操作者参考。
(2)研究平面铣、型腔铣和固定轴曲面轮廓铣三种加工类型中各参数意义,简化加工过程参数设定,减少加工过程中人机交互界面,提高数控编程效率。
(3)研究UG/Open二次开发工具,利用VC C++6.0开发平台,调用UG/open API相关函数,开发与UG风格一致的加工菜单和人机对话界面。
通过对UG CAM数控编程及加工自动化的研究与开发,能够缩短数控编程所需时间,减少加工参数设置,突出加工工艺路线,降低数控编程过程中人为的错误或遗漏的设置给编程带来的不利影响。同时,对UG数控编程及加工自动化的研究与开发有利于不熟悉数控加工编程的操作者在缺乏数控编程经验和相关机加工知识的情况下,在短时间内编制出基本符合加工工艺的数控加工程序,利于他们了解UG CAM的基本过程,更快地掌握CAM的应用。
NC programming is one of the most beneficial taches in the CAD/CAPP/CAM system currently. The hard core of it is to create path of tool, and then distribute the path as tool references, after which the NC program is created after post process. It plays an important role in automatically manufacturing, improving precision and shortening the period of R&D.
As advanced CAD/CAM/CAE software, each function of Unigraphics is highly integrated. UG CAM is the module of Computer Aided Manufacturing of UG highly integrated with the CAD module, by which we can program for milling, lathing and electrical discharge wire-cut.
Although CAM module of UG has powerful function, it can only read the low-level geometrical information of the product from CAD system and can't automatically get geometrical information of the shape of the product and the high-level functional information. And the parameter setting of the manufacturing operation is a complex process. For the operator, it needs a wonderful experience of cutting, some knowledge of programming and of course some knowledge to do with the CAD modeling. So when programming in UG CAM module, there are many human-computer interfaces and lots of parameter must be indicated. This process costs much time and is adverse to the rapid manufacturing of mold.
On the research to the basic principle of NC programming, the author makes a deep research and secondary development on the three types of milling in UG CAM module: planar milling, cavity milling and fixed contour milling, and the following is the results:
(1) Recognition arithmetic of what type of milling should be adopted, which can read the 3D data of model before manufacturing automatically and give advices to which type of milling is proper for it among planar milling, cavity milling and fixed contour milling.
(2) Research on the milling parameters of planar milling, cavity milling and fixed contour milling and predigest the setting of these parameters. This research can decrease the human-computer interface when creating operation; increase the efficiency of programming and design period of the mold.
(3) Research on secondary development tools of UG software UG/Open and design the manufacturing menu and interface by UG/Open tools and VC C++ 6.0 software, which has the same style as the UG itself.
The research and secondary development of NC programming and automatically manufacturing can shorten the time cost of programming, decrease settings of manufacturing parameters, extrude technical path of manufacturing, and avoid the bad affects brought by the mistake or forgotten of the operator. Also, this research can help the operators lacking of knowledge of NC programming and manufacturing machine create a program that basically fits the technical demands in a short time. It is beneficial for that new operator to acquaint themselves with the programming process in UG CAM module and master the application of CAM module. It plays a basic role for the new operator to learn how to start programming fully.
作为高端的CAD/CAM/CAE软件,Umgaphics(UG)软件各大功能高度集成。UGCAM是UG的计算机辅助制造模块,与UG的CAD模块紧密地集成在一起,可以为数控铣、数控车、数控电火花线切割机编程。
虽然UG CAM有着强大的功能,但CAM系统只能从CAD系统获取产品的低层几何信息,无法自动捕捉产品的几何形状信息和产品高层的功能和语言信息,它的加工参数的设置是一个复杂的过程,需要操作者有良好的机加工经验,并且有一定的数控编程和数控加工基础,当然,其中还需有UG建模的基础知识。因此,在UG数控编程过程中,会出现很多的人机交互过程,需要操作者指定各种各样加工工参数。这样对编程人员提出了很高要求,并在一定程度上延长了数控编程的时间。
本文利用UG的二次开发平台和技术对UG CAM模块中的主要三种铣削操作平面铣、型腔铣和固定轴曲面轮廓铣进行研究和二次开发,主要工作内容为:
(1)提出加工类型识别算法,对待加工的3D模型进行自动识别,提出合理的加工类型建议,供UG CAM数控编程操作者参考。
(2)研究平面铣、型腔铣和固定轴曲面轮廓铣三种加工类型中各参数意义,简化加工过程参数设定,减少加工过程中人机交互界面,提高数控编程效率。
(3)研究UG/Open二次开发工具,利用VC C++6.0开发平台,调用UG/open API相关函数,开发与UG风格一致的加工菜单和人机对话界面。
通过对UG CAM数控编程及加工自动化的研究与开发,能够缩短数控编程所需时间,减少加工参数设置,突出加工工艺路线,降低数控编程过程中人为的错误或遗漏的设置给编程带来的不利影响。同时,对UG数控编程及加工自动化的研究与开发有利于不熟悉数控加工编程的操作者在缺乏数控编程经验和相关机加工知识的情况下,在短时间内编制出基本符合加工工艺的数控加工程序,利于他们了解UG CAM的基本过程,更快地掌握CAM的应用。
NC programming is one of the most beneficial taches in the CAD/CAPP/CAM system currently. The hard core of it is to create path of tool, and then distribute the path as tool references, after which the NC program is created after post process. It plays an important role in automatically manufacturing, improving precision and shortening the period of R&D.
As advanced CAD/CAM/CAE software, each function of Unigraphics is highly integrated. UG CAM is the module of Computer Aided Manufacturing of UG highly integrated with the CAD module, by which we can program for milling, lathing and electrical discharge wire-cut.
Although CAM module of UG has powerful function, it can only read the low-level geometrical information of the product from CAD system and can't automatically get geometrical information of the shape of the product and the high-level functional information. And the parameter setting of the manufacturing operation is a complex process. For the operator, it needs a wonderful experience of cutting, some knowledge of programming and of course some knowledge to do with the CAD modeling. So when programming in UG CAM module, there are many human-computer interfaces and lots of parameter must be indicated. This process costs much time and is adverse to the rapid manufacturing of mold.
On the research to the basic principle of NC programming, the author makes a deep research and secondary development on the three types of milling in UG CAM module: planar milling, cavity milling and fixed contour milling, and the following is the results:
(1) Recognition arithmetic of what type of milling should be adopted, which can read the 3D data of model before manufacturing automatically and give advices to which type of milling is proper for it among planar milling, cavity milling and fixed contour milling.
(2) Research on the milling parameters of planar milling, cavity milling and fixed contour milling and predigest the setting of these parameters. This research can decrease the human-computer interface when creating operation; increase the efficiency of programming and design period of the mold.
(3) Research on secondary development tools of UG software UG/Open and design the manufacturing menu and interface by UG/Open tools and VC C++ 6.0 software, which has the same style as the UG itself.
The research and secondary development of NC programming and automatically manufacturing can shorten the time cost of programming, decrease settings of manufacturing parameters, extrude technical path of manufacturing, and avoid the bad affects brought by the mistake or forgotten of the operator. Also, this research can help the operators lacking of knowledge of NC programming and manufacturing machine create a program that basically fits the technical demands in a short time. It is beneficial for that new operator to acquaint themselves with the programming process in UG CAM module and master the application of CAM module. It plays a basic role for the new operator to learn how to start programming fully.
引文
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[3]Wang Yu,Ma Haojun,Gao Chonghui et al.A computer aided tool selectioh system for 3D die/mould-cavity NC machining using both a heuristic and analytical approach.International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing,2005,18(8):686-701
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[13]JA Paszek and R.Knosala.The Method the Knowledge Representation in an Expert System for Metal Cutting Engineering.Journal of Materials Processing Technology.1997,64:319-326
[14]曾向阳,谢国明,王学平等.UGNX基础及应用教程[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003:235-240
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[17]黄翔,李迎光.数控编程理论、技术与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006:123-124
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[19]王华侨,张颖,王德跃等.实用数控加工技术应用与开发[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007:92-93
[20]周敏,邓学雄,陈君梅.UG二次开发技术及其应用[J].工程图学学报,2005,(5):42-44.
[21]黄翔,李迎光.UG应用开发教程与实例精解[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005:56-58
[22]胡道钟.CAD_CAM中的UG菜单生成技术[J].机械辅助设计与制幕造,1994,(4):63-64.
[23]刘定伟,薛澄岐.UG二次开发接口技术研究[J].电气技术与自动化,2005,34(1):80-83.
[24]阳意慧,张建月,阮锋等.UG二次开发与加工自动化[J].模具技术,2005,(8):51-54.
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[27]吴明友.数控加工自动编程——UGNX详解[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2008:270-275
[28]刘雅博,陈拂晓,郭俊卿.UG环境下标准件库的建立[J].制造技术与机床,2005,(3):26-28.
[29]李继亮,崇凯.关于UG软件二次开发的研究[J].机电产品开发与创建,2004,17(6):41-43.
[30]关意鹏,关来德.基于Excel参数表的三维零件库的设计[J].柳州职业技术学院学报,2006,6(4):44-48.
[31]黄艺,李晓丽,杨坤玉.基于UG_GRIF语言的凸轮自动实体建模[J].煤矿机械,2005,(8):58～59.
[32]杨淑霞,张国强,张克强.基于UG的大型模具的虚拟加工[J].锻压装备与制造技术,2005,(12):81-82.
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[34]Guan Liwen,Wang Jinsong,Wang Liping..Combined method for parallel manipulator configuration design.High Technology Letters,2005,11(3):250-256
[35]胡道钟,于官树,胡海等.基于UG的汽车覆盖件模具CAD_CAM应用技术[J].机械工 人(冷加工),2002,(2):22-24.
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[2]Guan Liwen,Wang Yuehong,Wang Liping.Case-based parallel machine tool conceptual design[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering(English Edition),2004,17(S):221-223
[3]Wang Yu,Ma Haojun,Gao Chonghui et al.A computer aided tool selectioh system for 3D die/mould-cavity NC machining using both a heuristic and analytical approach.International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing,2005,18(8):686-701
[4]龚勉,唐海翔,赵波等.UG CAD应用案例集[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003:45-56
[5]石锋,张永清,娄臻亮.参数化CAD系统的关键技术研究[J].工程图学学报,2001,(2):32-33
[6]韩翔,刘义,余永健.UG工程系统应用与开发实例[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2008:26-27
[7]赵波,龚勉,浦维达等.UG CAD实用教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002:78-80
[8]谢国明,曾向阳,王学平.UGCAM实用教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003:98-101
[9]吴明友.数控加工自动编程——UG NX详解[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2008:155-157
[10]李玉炜.UG的CAM数控编程实例[J].工艺与装备,2005,(2):92-94
[11]刘锋,周燕飞,冷晟.基于加工特征的UG快速编程技术[J].现代制造2005,(8):78-80.
[12]项辉宇,李德军,刘延俊等.基于UG的数控加工的图形化编程技术[J].济南大学学报,1999,9(5):76-80.
[13]JA Paszek and R.Knosala.The Method the Knowledge Representation in an Expert System for Metal Cutting Engineering.Journal of Materials Processing Technology.1997,64:319-326
[14]曾向阳,谢国明,王学平等.UGNX基础及应用教程[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003:235-240
[15]刘新宇,王高潮,窦蓉.基于UG的模具CAD_CAPP_CAM集成系统的研究[J].模具制造,2003,(8):6-9.
[16]王磊,李浙昆,谭毅等.UG/Open API对UG二次开发技术研究[J].机电产品开发与创新,2006,19(5):105-106.
[17]黄翔,李迎光.数控编程理论、技术与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006:123-124
[18]陆宇吴,沈燕,韦克安等.UG二次开发技术的研究[J].广西大学学报(自然科学版),2005,30(增刊):134-137.
[19]王华侨,张颖,王德跃等.实用数控加工技术应用与开发[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007:92-93
[20]周敏,邓学雄,陈君梅.UG二次开发技术及其应用[J].工程图学学报,2005,(5):42-44.
[21]黄翔,李迎光.UG应用开发教程与实例精解[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005:56-58
[22]胡道钟.CAD_CAM中的UG菜单生成技术[J].机械辅助设计与制幕造,1994,(4):63-64.
[23]刘定伟,薛澄岐.UG二次开发接口技术研究[J].电气技术与自动化,2005,34(1):80-83.
[24]阳意慧,张建月,阮锋等.UG二次开发与加工自动化[J].模具技术,2005,(8):51-54.
[25]P E Conllolly.CAD software industry:trends and directions.The Engineering Design Graphics Journal.1999,63(1):26-33
[26]王明强,王定生,赵良才等.UG二次开发中建库接口技术研究[J].现代制造工程,2004,(1):42-44.
[27]吴明友.数控加工自动编程——UGNX详解[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2008:270-275
[28]刘雅博,陈拂晓,郭俊卿.UG环境下标准件库的建立[J].制造技术与机床,2005,(3):26-28.
[29]李继亮,崇凯.关于UG软件二次开发的研究[J].机电产品开发与创建,2004,17(6):41-43.
[30]关意鹏,关来德.基于Excel参数表的三维零件库的设计[J].柳州职业技术学院学报,2006,6(4):44-48.
[31]黄艺,李晓丽,杨坤玉.基于UG_GRIF语言的凸轮自动实体建模[J].煤矿机械,2005,(8):58～59.
[32]杨淑霞,张国强,张克强.基于UG的大型模具的虚拟加工[J].锻压装备与制造技术,2005,(12):81-82.
[33]刘吉兆,何将三,邓朝晖.基于UG的高精度棱体成形车刀CAD_CAM系统[J].吕南大学学报(自然科学版),2005,36(6):1031-1036.
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