基于知识工程的汽车安全带锚点设计软件开发及方法研究
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摘要
“基于知识工程的汽车安全带锚点设计软件开发及方法研究”主要讨论了在UG提供的“Unit”平台上开发的软件开发工作。在工作中,综合运用了多种开发工具:C语言、KF语言、UG/UIStyler、UG/Open等等。尤其是KF的应用,它是本模块模型的主要创建工具。
本文详细研究了汽车安全带锚点的设计目标,仔细分析了模块的设计规则和细节要求。根据设计目标和设计规则制定了模块的工作流程,确定了输入条件并设计了便于用户交流的界面。本文通过开发安全带锚点的设计模块,讨论了基于知识工程的开发技术在车身设计中的应用,以模具复杂孔结构处理模块为举例,采用了同样的基于知识工程的方法,这种方法能够简化车身设计中的重复工作,从而提高车身的设计效率和设计质量。
Following internationalization of the automotive manufacture and individuation on the auto sale, development on new vehicle is coming to more important station. As is known to everyone, in the development of a new vehicle, most changes are focused on auto-body while chassis and engine often follow the mature technique. To sum up, everyone is doing his best to develop and present new vehicle as fast as could with lowest cost.
In the traditional auto-body design flow, designers would spend lots of time and energy on reduplicative work between design project’s modification and validation. This is a kind of resources waste and the extended development time would even be viral for manufactures. Computer aided technique has brought designers and manufactures out of the embarrassment somewhat. Nowadays, cooperated design with computer aided technique has been implemented in both auto-body design and parts design. All manufactures want to launch products more quickly and cut down the development cost by shorten product development cycle, while designers hope that their design method is more convenient to update or verify the mechanics so that they could go forward quickly. But generally, there are three defects everyone would meet with:
High demand on designer’s professional knowledge and experience. To take CAD model creation of auto-body and airframe as example, designers must have an amount of interrelated knowledge and lots of experiences to finish the work on such complex structure. Besides these, they should also master a good skill on the CAD software operation to give a satisfied solution.
Lots of complicated manual operation. Because auto-body is such a complex structure, designers would do too much manual operation no matter in CAD or CAE situation. Given one parameter changed, a lot of correlative work would wait in the following sequence. So, even a skillful and experienced designer would waste his time on these repeated operations.
Hard to save and reuse knowledge and experience. A skillful and experienced designer often derived from long time effort and mass of resources. Once the designer left, his knowledge and experiences would follow him and left nothing for the replacer. This is of course resources waste and apparently increases product’s development cost.
Based on discuss above, it could be said how to reuse knowledge is becoming more important. This is exactly what KBE (Knowledge based Engineer) tries to answer. Knowledge Fusion (KF) is a language as KBE solution presented by UG/NX, with which how to describe the knowledge is what should be only cared. Cause of KF language’s descriptive and demand-driver characters, users could focus their energy on describing their knowledge, experiences or engineering rules with KF elements“Attribute”and“Class”but not care about the order or relations between them. It would help designers to take knowledge out of their brains and to share it with other people. Glass Regulator Module discussed in this paper does make use of KF to create most of it modeling and implement the functionality of edit.
“Design and Analysis of Auto Seatbelt Anchor Based on KBE”is just developed based on KBE. It could help general designers to quickly finish the system’s parameterized modeling creation, package which would cost designers much time and energies. The knowledge in the module mainly comes from Automotive Design Standard, Industrial criterions and experiences of auto-body designers. There are three main advantages in the module:
Application of Wizard UI (User Interface): Wizard UI delivers knowledge on the system design into different“Steps”, designers could finish the design work following the UI steps even without knowing why. It loosens the requirement on designers’professional knowledge.
Easy for operation: Only work left for designers is selecting geometries and inputting parameters according the cue on step dialog. All other work such as calculation, measure and modeling is finished automatically behind UI. By reducing manual interactive, the module shortens development cycle greatly.
KF is more convenient for module functionality extension: most of parameterized modeling of the module is which is implemented with KF language. So no matter to add new geometry or to add new engineering rules, designers just need to add or to edit the existing ones while do little change or nothing on the source code.
“Design and Analysis of Auto Seatbelt Anchor Based on KBE”is developed on“Unit”platform which is offered by UGS and makes use of multiple development tools such as: C language, UG/Open, KF language, UG/UIStyler and UG/Wizard UI etc.. The requirement of the module is supplied first by GM. After discussing with domestic designers, we determined the final design flow. According to the software engineering standards, Requirement Specification (RS), Functionality Specification (FS) and Design Specification (DS) was finished first. Following work is to program. Finally, the correlative designers give the test on the module functionality and finished the Test Plan (TP).
Even the discussion of the paper is all about glass regulator. But first, the development of the module follows UG/NX third-party development standards. Second, structure of glass regulator is kind of complex and refers many different fields. Finally, KF language is used to capture knowledge which coud be reused and shared. Based on the three reasons above, study and development of the module is typical and would be useful for the orther associated development.
本文详细研究了汽车安全带锚点的设计目标,仔细分析了模块的设计规则和细节要求。根据设计目标和设计规则制定了模块的工作流程,确定了输入条件并设计了便于用户交流的界面。本文通过开发安全带锚点的设计模块,讨论了基于知识工程的开发技术在车身设计中的应用,以模具复杂孔结构处理模块为举例,采用了同样的基于知识工程的方法,这种方法能够简化车身设计中的重复工作,从而提高车身的设计效率和设计质量。
Following internationalization of the automotive manufacture and individuation on the auto sale, development on new vehicle is coming to more important station. As is known to everyone, in the development of a new vehicle, most changes are focused on auto-body while chassis and engine often follow the mature technique. To sum up, everyone is doing his best to develop and present new vehicle as fast as could with lowest cost.
In the traditional auto-body design flow, designers would spend lots of time and energy on reduplicative work between design project’s modification and validation. This is a kind of resources waste and the extended development time would even be viral for manufactures. Computer aided technique has brought designers and manufactures out of the embarrassment somewhat. Nowadays, cooperated design with computer aided technique has been implemented in both auto-body design and parts design. All manufactures want to launch products more quickly and cut down the development cost by shorten product development cycle, while designers hope that their design method is more convenient to update or verify the mechanics so that they could go forward quickly. But generally, there are three defects everyone would meet with:
High demand on designer’s professional knowledge and experience. To take CAD model creation of auto-body and airframe as example, designers must have an amount of interrelated knowledge and lots of experiences to finish the work on such complex structure. Besides these, they should also master a good skill on the CAD software operation to give a satisfied solution.
Lots of complicated manual operation. Because auto-body is such a complex structure, designers would do too much manual operation no matter in CAD or CAE situation. Given one parameter changed, a lot of correlative work would wait in the following sequence. So, even a skillful and experienced designer would waste his time on these repeated operations.
Hard to save and reuse knowledge and experience. A skillful and experienced designer often derived from long time effort and mass of resources. Once the designer left, his knowledge and experiences would follow him and left nothing for the replacer. This is of course resources waste and apparently increases product’s development cost.
Based on discuss above, it could be said how to reuse knowledge is becoming more important. This is exactly what KBE (Knowledge based Engineer) tries to answer. Knowledge Fusion (KF) is a language as KBE solution presented by UG/NX, with which how to describe the knowledge is what should be only cared. Cause of KF language’s descriptive and demand-driver characters, users could focus their energy on describing their knowledge, experiences or engineering rules with KF elements“Attribute”and“Class”but not care about the order or relations between them. It would help designers to take knowledge out of their brains and to share it with other people. Glass Regulator Module discussed in this paper does make use of KF to create most of it modeling and implement the functionality of edit.
“Design and Analysis of Auto Seatbelt Anchor Based on KBE”is just developed based on KBE. It could help general designers to quickly finish the system’s parameterized modeling creation, package which would cost designers much time and energies. The knowledge in the module mainly comes from Automotive Design Standard, Industrial criterions and experiences of auto-body designers. There are three main advantages in the module:
Application of Wizard UI (User Interface): Wizard UI delivers knowledge on the system design into different“Steps”, designers could finish the design work following the UI steps even without knowing why. It loosens the requirement on designers’professional knowledge.
Easy for operation: Only work left for designers is selecting geometries and inputting parameters according the cue on step dialog. All other work such as calculation, measure and modeling is finished automatically behind UI. By reducing manual interactive, the module shortens development cycle greatly.
KF is more convenient for module functionality extension: most of parameterized modeling of the module is which is implemented with KF language. So no matter to add new geometry or to add new engineering rules, designers just need to add or to edit the existing ones while do little change or nothing on the source code.
“Design and Analysis of Auto Seatbelt Anchor Based on KBE”is developed on“Unit”platform which is offered by UGS and makes use of multiple development tools such as: C language, UG/Open, KF language, UG/UIStyler and UG/Wizard UI etc.. The requirement of the module is supplied first by GM. After discussing with domestic designers, we determined the final design flow. According to the software engineering standards, Requirement Specification (RS), Functionality Specification (FS) and Design Specification (DS) was finished first. Following work is to program. Finally, the correlative designers give the test on the module functionality and finished the Test Plan (TP).
Even the discussion of the paper is all about glass regulator. But first, the development of the module follows UG/NX third-party development standards. Second, structure of glass regulator is kind of complex and refers many different fields. Finally, KF language is used to capture knowledge which coud be reused and shared. Based on the three reasons above, study and development of the module is typical and would be useful for the orther associated development.
引文
1. 黄天泽、黄金陵. 汽车车身结构与设计. 机械工业出版社. 1992。
2. 郭竹亭. 汽车车身设计. 吉林科学技术出版社. 1992.10:108-122。
3. 日本汽车技术会. 汽车技术手册. 长春汽车研究所译
4. 李美国. 人机工程学与汽车主动安全系统设置. 中国质量认证中心 4/1/2003。
5. 兰凤崇. 汽车车身计算机辅助造型设计.吉林科学技术出版社. 6/1/1992。
6. 吴亚良. 现代轿车车身设计. 上海科学技术出版社. 2002。
7. 张洪欣. 汽车设计机械工业出版社. 1989。
8. 钱能. 基于面向对象方法的汽车总体设计专家系统. 清华大学出版社. 1999。
9. 陈东平. 轿车参数化模型的构造研究及应用. 吉林大学。
10. 洪如瑾. UG CAD 快速入门指导. 清华大学出版社。
11. Unigraphicis Solutions Inc UG. 知识熔接技术培训教程. 清华大学出版社. 2002。
12. Unigraphicis Solutions Inc UG. 动分析培训教程. 清华大学出版社. 9/1/2002。
13. 董正卫、田立中. UG/OPEN API 编程基础. 清华大学出版社. 8/1/2002。
14. 丁袆. 基于 KBE 和 DFM 的概念车身设计方法研究及专用软件开发. 吉林大学。
15. 姜华. 基于 KBE 的交叉臂式车门玻璃升降器参数化建模技术及软件开发. 吉林大学。
16. 唐建春. 基于知识的车门附件布置设计系统的开发. 吉林大学。
17. 胡平、王成国、庄茁. 虚拟工程与科学. 气象出版社。
18. 佟静. RPS 理论在车门上的应用. 吉林大学。
19. 丁袆、胡平. 应用虚拟技术加快汽车开发进程. 吉林大学学报 2002.07 第 32 卷第 3 期。
20. 李春梅. KBE 技术在 UG 中的应用. 中国模具论坛 2004 年第六期。
21. 李迪、林总钦. 概念设计阶段汽车内部不知方法研究. 上海交通大学. 8/1/1996。
22. 候清富、郭岗. 软件工程实战基本功.人民邮电出版社. 1/1/2005。
23. 林锐. 高质量 C++/C 编程指南. 上海贝尔实验室资料. 7/1/2001。
24. 谭浩强. C 语言程序. 清华大学出版社. 1994。
25. 杜子学、文孝霞. 汽车安全带固定点强度分析与优化重庆交通学院学报. 004 Vol.23 No.5。
26. Software Engineering as Engineering Robert Gruszczynski, SAE-2000-01-0713。
27. .E.Calkins N.Egging C.Scholz Gomez-Levi, A System Level KBE Tool for Vehicle Product Definition, SAE-2000-01-1351。
28. Wolfgang Hermsen、Karl Joachim Neumann, Application of the Object-Oriented Modeling Concept OMOS for Signal Conditioning of Vehicle Control Units, SAE-2000-01-0717。
29. J.L.Sullivan、M.M.Costic、W.han,Automotive Life Cycle Assessment, SAE-980467。
30. Automotive Softare Engineering Using the MISRA Guidelines David D Ward,SAE-2000-01-0715。
31. Ronald P,Brombach.Automotive Software Development Evaluation, SAE-2000-01-0721。
32. Dag Aronson enitha Chroneer,Comparision Between CFD and POIV Measurements in a Passenger Compartment,SAE-2000-01-0977。
33. J.R.Billing,Configuration of Heavy Trucks with Liftable Axles, SAE-932993。
34. Todd Hoof John Madej, Design and Development of a Generic Door Hardware Module Concept, SAE-980999。
35. J.G.Dickison A.J. Yardley, Development and Application of a Functional Model to Vehicle Development,SAE-930835。
36. Andrew Gillberg John Marcosky, Door Latch Strength in a Car Body Environment, SAE-980028。
37. Richard M. Downs, Jr. Thomas G. Scheifflee Richard T.Reed, Examination protocol for vehicles equipped with an inflatable restraint system, SAE-970959。
38. Fidelity of Vehicle Models Using Roll Center Principles David Moline,SAE-2000-01-0693。
39. David D. Ardayfio,mproved Design for manufacture in Minivan Body System, SAE-980748
40. Jason J.Tao, ystem Modeling of A Damper Module, SAE-2000-01-0727。
41. Terry D. Day,alidation of the EDVSM 3-Dimensional Vehicle Simulator, SAE-970958。
42. J.Knoblach F.Obertopp, Integrated Planning of Product and Process, SAE-2000-01-1062。
43. Sven K.Esche Ismail Fidan, Knowledge-Based Part and Process Design for Metal Forging, SAE-1999-01-0054。
44. Sophie Louis Agneta Wendel, Life Cycle Assessment and Design, SAE-980473。
45. Life Cycle Engineering as a Tool for Design for Environment Matthias Finkbeiner Klaus Ruhland, SAE-2000-01-1491。
46. Making the Right Mistakes Mike Ellims Keith Jackson, SAE-2000-01-0714。
47. Stephen McCarthy ing Quan, Structural Properties of Thermoplastic Composites Molded and Finished by the ValyiSurface Finishing Compression Modling Process, SAE-2000-01-1130。
48. Bernd Gebhard Martin Rappl, Requirements Management for Automotive Systems Development, SAE-2000-01-0716。
49. Hiroyuki Yamashita Masakazu Hirano, Research on the Application of Aluminum Door Beams for Automobiles, SAE-980454。
50. Gary P. Bertollini, The General Motors Driving Simulator, SAE-940179。
2. 郭竹亭. 汽车车身设计. 吉林科学技术出版社. 1992.10:108-122。
3. 日本汽车技术会. 汽车技术手册. 长春汽车研究所译
4. 李美国. 人机工程学与汽车主动安全系统设置. 中国质量认证中心 4/1/2003。
5. 兰凤崇. 汽车车身计算机辅助造型设计.吉林科学技术出版社. 6/1/1992。
6. 吴亚良. 现代轿车车身设计. 上海科学技术出版社. 2002。
7. 张洪欣. 汽车设计机械工业出版社. 1989。
8. 钱能. 基于面向对象方法的汽车总体设计专家系统. 清华大学出版社. 1999。
9. 陈东平. 轿车参数化模型的构造研究及应用. 吉林大学。
10. 洪如瑾. UG CAD 快速入门指导. 清华大学出版社。
11. Unigraphicis Solutions Inc UG. 知识熔接技术培训教程. 清华大学出版社. 2002。
12. Unigraphicis Solutions Inc UG. 动分析培训教程. 清华大学出版社. 9/1/2002。
13. 董正卫、田立中. UG/OPEN API 编程基础. 清华大学出版社. 8/1/2002。
14. 丁袆. 基于 KBE 和 DFM 的概念车身设计方法研究及专用软件开发. 吉林大学。
15. 姜华. 基于 KBE 的交叉臂式车门玻璃升降器参数化建模技术及软件开发. 吉林大学。
16. 唐建春. 基于知识的车门附件布置设计系统的开发. 吉林大学。
17. 胡平、王成国、庄茁. 虚拟工程与科学. 气象出版社。
18. 佟静. RPS 理论在车门上的应用. 吉林大学。
19. 丁袆、胡平. 应用虚拟技术加快汽车开发进程. 吉林大学学报 2002.07 第 32 卷第 3 期。
20. 李春梅. KBE 技术在 UG 中的应用. 中国模具论坛 2004 年第六期。
21. 李迪、林总钦. 概念设计阶段汽车内部不知方法研究. 上海交通大学. 8/1/1996。
22. 候清富、郭岗. 软件工程实战基本功.人民邮电出版社. 1/1/2005。
23. 林锐. 高质量 C++/C 编程指南. 上海贝尔实验室资料. 7/1/2001。
24. 谭浩强. C 语言程序. 清华大学出版社. 1994。
25. 杜子学、文孝霞. 汽车安全带固定点强度分析与优化重庆交通学院学报. 004 Vol.23 No.5。
26. Software Engineering as Engineering Robert Gruszczynski, SAE-2000-01-0713。
27. .E.Calkins N.Egging C.Scholz Gomez-Levi, A System Level KBE Tool for Vehicle Product Definition, SAE-2000-01-1351。
28. Wolfgang Hermsen、Karl Joachim Neumann, Application of the Object-Oriented Modeling Concept OMOS for Signal Conditioning of Vehicle Control Units, SAE-2000-01-0717。
29. J.L.Sullivan、M.M.Costic、W.han,Automotive Life Cycle Assessment, SAE-980467。
30. Automotive Softare Engineering Using the MISRA Guidelines David D Ward,SAE-2000-01-0715。
31. Ronald P,Brombach.Automotive Software Development Evaluation, SAE-2000-01-0721。
32. Dag Aronson enitha Chroneer,Comparision Between CFD and POIV Measurements in a Passenger Compartment,SAE-2000-01-0977。
33. J.R.Billing,Configuration of Heavy Trucks with Liftable Axles, SAE-932993。
34. Todd Hoof John Madej, Design and Development of a Generic Door Hardware Module Concept, SAE-980999。
35. J.G.Dickison A.J. Yardley, Development and Application of a Functional Model to Vehicle Development,SAE-930835。
36. Andrew Gillberg John Marcosky, Door Latch Strength in a Car Body Environment, SAE-980028。
37. Richard M. Downs, Jr. Thomas G. Scheifflee Richard T.Reed, Examination protocol for vehicles equipped with an inflatable restraint system, SAE-970959。
38. Fidelity of Vehicle Models Using Roll Center Principles David Moline,SAE-2000-01-0693。
39. David D. Ardayfio,mproved Design for manufacture in Minivan Body System, SAE-980748
40. Jason J.Tao, ystem Modeling of A Damper Module, SAE-2000-01-0727。
41. Terry D. Day,alidation of the EDVSM 3-Dimensional Vehicle Simulator, SAE-970958。
42. J.Knoblach F.Obertopp, Integrated Planning of Product and Process, SAE-2000-01-1062。
43. Sven K.Esche Ismail Fidan, Knowledge-Based Part and Process Design for Metal Forging, SAE-1999-01-0054。
44. Sophie Louis Agneta Wendel, Life Cycle Assessment and Design, SAE-980473。
45. Life Cycle Engineering as a Tool for Design for Environment Matthias Finkbeiner Klaus Ruhland, SAE-2000-01-1491。
46. Making the Right Mistakes Mike Ellims Keith Jackson, SAE-2000-01-0714。
47. Stephen McCarthy ing Quan, Structural Properties of Thermoplastic Composites Molded and Finished by the ValyiSurface Finishing Compression Modling Process, SAE-2000-01-1130。
48. Bernd Gebhard Martin Rappl, Requirements Management for Automotive Systems Development, SAE-2000-01-0716。
49. Hiroyuki Yamashita Masakazu Hirano, Research on the Application of Aluminum Door Beams for Automobiles, SAE-980454。
50. Gary P. Bertollini, The General Motors Driving Simulator, SAE-940179。