基于无向图的发动机可拆解性设计方法研究
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摘要
随着汽车产量和社会保有量不断上升,废旧汽车的数量也在同步增长。由于传统的汽车设计主要以加工简单、装配容易、维修方便和材料有效利用为基本设计原则,很少涉及报废后零部件拆解回收再利用及无害化处理等问题,由此导致的资源短缺和报废汽车垃圾对环境的严重污染等一系列问题正逐渐为人类所共识。
基于全寿命周期理论对汽车产品进行绿色设计,必然有利于汽车工业循环经济的发展。其中,对报废汽车零部件拆解回收并尽可能地提高其再利用率是关键环节。在设计环节就考虑产品回收阶段的可拆解性,进行“可拆解性设计”已成为当前汽车绿色设计研究的主要热点之一,也是汽车工业的重要课题。
本文在综合国内外相关研究的基础上,对汽车绿色设计的系统框架及可拆解性设计理论进行了系统、全面的分析和总结。具体以发动机活塞连杆组为例,利用无向图构建拆解模型,进行拆解自由度分析,建立供设计者参考的可拆解性设计准则;基于UG利用VC进行二次开发,构建计算机辅助可拆解性设计软件基本框架,提出基于无向图思想进行装配信息提取的方法;并基于概率方法建立产品可拆解性评价体系;通过研究拆解方式、拆解工艺等对发动机拆解的影响,利用无向图典型拓扑结构拆解规则、可拆解性评价及可拆解性设计准则等对发动机拆解工艺优化问题进行了研究。
The automotive industry is progressing rapidly, the number of the end-of-life vehicles is rising fast too. Problems such as resource shortage, environment pollution, have to be concerned seriously. Consequently, the study of how to reuse the parts of automobile efficiently and decrease the pollution produced by the ELVs has already become the most important and considerable section of automotive green technology research.
Because automotive engine has good value to reuse, and the remanufacturing technology is better than heavy repair, the remanufacturing of engine will replace the heavy repair in the future. Disassembly is the key section to remanufacture the automotive engine, So nondistructive disassembly is most important. Traditional automotive design didn’t consider the disassembly problems, which caused the environment pollution and the lack of resource.
Design for disassembly is the method to improve the dismantlbility. Based on the inland and outland research on DFD, in this dissertation, the basic theories of the LCA system structure, disassembly information, the influence factors of disassembly process, disassembly sequence planning and assessment of dismantlbility are studied deeply and systematically. The paper presents a method of design for disassembly based on undirected graph. and set up the basic framework of computer aided DFD software, put forward a assesment method based on the probability model, and in the end, disassembly technology and instrument are studied. The contents is as below:
(1)the green design structure of LCD is put forward, The characteristics and rules of design for disassembly are analyzed.
(2)The geometry and topology structure between the parts of product is analyzed, and the concept of disassembly restrict matrix is built, the rule of DFD is put forward.
(3)Based on the technologies of existing CAD/CAM systems, the product disassembly information and its source are analyzed. The basic framework of the computer aided DFD software and the disassembly information network chart is established. The system contains many modules, such as disassembly information express, product data processing, disassembly analysis, recyclable assessment. On Petri nets was introduced. The optimal disassembly sequence that satisfied the requirement constraints was gained by computing the model.
(4)Based on the probability model, put forward some assesment guide lines of product dismantlbility, such as technological guide lines“disassembly digree”,“disassembly depth”and so on; economic guide lines“disassembly cost”and so on; environmental guide lines“liquid pollution degree”and so on. In the end, established a assesment method based on the linearity way. This is the first time that put forward the stochastic method in this field.
(5)Based on the former research, the technology of disassembly based on undirected graph is introduced. Studying the influence of the disassembly way and technology, better the disassembly technology and instruments, make the disassembly theory actual.
In conclusion, disassembly and recycling and regeneration of automobile parts is one of effective means to saving resources and reducing costs. It can regenerate and reuse the automobile products as material, energy and parts, which will make the products in circulating industrial environment. The technology not only realizes reuse and environmental protection, but also can achieve the continuable development of automobile industry.
基于全寿命周期理论对汽车产品进行绿色设计,必然有利于汽车工业循环经济的发展。其中,对报废汽车零部件拆解回收并尽可能地提高其再利用率是关键环节。在设计环节就考虑产品回收阶段的可拆解性,进行“可拆解性设计”已成为当前汽车绿色设计研究的主要热点之一,也是汽车工业的重要课题。
本文在综合国内外相关研究的基础上,对汽车绿色设计的系统框架及可拆解性设计理论进行了系统、全面的分析和总结。具体以发动机活塞连杆组为例,利用无向图构建拆解模型,进行拆解自由度分析,建立供设计者参考的可拆解性设计准则;基于UG利用VC进行二次开发,构建计算机辅助可拆解性设计软件基本框架,提出基于无向图思想进行装配信息提取的方法;并基于概率方法建立产品可拆解性评价体系;通过研究拆解方式、拆解工艺等对发动机拆解的影响,利用无向图典型拓扑结构拆解规则、可拆解性评价及可拆解性设计准则等对发动机拆解工艺优化问题进行了研究。
The automotive industry is progressing rapidly, the number of the end-of-life vehicles is rising fast too. Problems such as resource shortage, environment pollution, have to be concerned seriously. Consequently, the study of how to reuse the parts of automobile efficiently and decrease the pollution produced by the ELVs has already become the most important and considerable section of automotive green technology research.
Because automotive engine has good value to reuse, and the remanufacturing technology is better than heavy repair, the remanufacturing of engine will replace the heavy repair in the future. Disassembly is the key section to remanufacture the automotive engine, So nondistructive disassembly is most important. Traditional automotive design didn’t consider the disassembly problems, which caused the environment pollution and the lack of resource.
Design for disassembly is the method to improve the dismantlbility. Based on the inland and outland research on DFD, in this dissertation, the basic theories of the LCA system structure, disassembly information, the influence factors of disassembly process, disassembly sequence planning and assessment of dismantlbility are studied deeply and systematically. The paper presents a method of design for disassembly based on undirected graph. and set up the basic framework of computer aided DFD software, put forward a assesment method based on the probability model, and in the end, disassembly technology and instrument are studied. The contents is as below:
(1)the green design structure of LCD is put forward, The characteristics and rules of design for disassembly are analyzed.
(2)The geometry and topology structure between the parts of product is analyzed, and the concept of disassembly restrict matrix is built, the rule of DFD is put forward.
(3)Based on the technologies of existing CAD/CAM systems, the product disassembly information and its source are analyzed. The basic framework of the computer aided DFD software and the disassembly information network chart is established. The system contains many modules, such as disassembly information express, product data processing, disassembly analysis, recyclable assessment. On Petri nets was introduced. The optimal disassembly sequence that satisfied the requirement constraints was gained by computing the model.
(4)Based on the probability model, put forward some assesment guide lines of product dismantlbility, such as technological guide lines“disassembly digree”,“disassembly depth”and so on; economic guide lines“disassembly cost”and so on; environmental guide lines“liquid pollution degree”and so on. In the end, established a assesment method based on the linearity way. This is the first time that put forward the stochastic method in this field.
(5)Based on the former research, the technology of disassembly based on undirected graph is introduced. Studying the influence of the disassembly way and technology, better the disassembly technology and instruments, make the disassembly theory actual.
In conclusion, disassembly and recycling and regeneration of automobile parts is one of effective means to saving resources and reducing costs. It can regenerate and reuse the automobile products as material, energy and parts, which will make the products in circulating industrial environment. The technology not only realizes reuse and environmental protection, but also can achieve the continuable development of automobile industry.
引文
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[32] 郭伟祥,刘光复等. 产品拆卸运动仿真与干涉分析[J]. 计算机集成制造系统. 2006.04: 518-519
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[36] Stylios C D,Groumpos P P. A soft Computing Approach for Modeling the Supervisor of Manufacturing Systems[J]. Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems. 1999(26): 389-403
[37] 阮五洲. 基于 UGNX 的动态拆解关键技术研究[J]. 现代制造工程. 2004(11)
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[2] 刘光复,刘志峰. 绿色设计与绿色制造[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社. 1999
[3] 李军,陈庄. 产品生命周期评价体系探讨[J]. 重庆环境科学. 1999.12: 11-23.
[4] Jayaraman,V.,Guide,V.D.R.Jr.,Srivastava,R. A closedloop logistics model for remanufacturing[J].Journal of the Operational Research Society,1999(50): 497-508
[5] 中汽中心. 车辆报废、回收利用、废弃物处理关键技术研究[R]. 2007.12: 64-65
[6] 刘光复,刘志峰. 绿色设计的体系结构及实施策略[J].中国机械工程. 2000 .11 (9): 965-967
[7] 中汽中心. 汽车再利用工作实施方案研究课题报告[R]. 2005.11: 66-67
[8] 储江伟. 汽车再生工程. 人民交通出版社[M]. 2007.09: 50-60
[9] HarjulaT,RapozaB,KnightW. Design for Disassembly and the Environment[J]. Annals of the CIRP,1996,45(1): 109-114.
[10] WooTC, DuttaD. Automatic disassembly and total ordering in three dimensions[J]. Journalo f Engineering forIndustry, 1991,113: 207-213.
[11] Hsin-Hao Huang,Michael H. Wang,Michael R. Johnson. Disassembly Sequence Generation Using a Neural Network Approach [J]. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 2000(19) 2: 73-82
[12] Srinivasan H,Gadh R. Selective disassembly representation and comparative analysis of wave propagation abstractions in sequence planning[J]. Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Assembly andTask Planning, Proto, Portugal 1999: 129-134
[13] Gungor A,Gupta S M. Disassembly sequence planning forproducts with defective parts in product recovery. Computers and Industrial Engineering, 1998, 35(12): 161-164
[14] 储江伟,金晓红等. 国际汽车拆解信息系统的特点和应用[J]. 汽车技术.2007.02: 37
[15] 网易新闻.《循环经济法有望年内出台》. http://news.163.com
[16] 高建刚,牟鹏等. 基于 Unigraphics 的产品零件邻接矩阵的自动提取[J]. 中国机械工程. 2004.04: 612-613
[17] 陈璐,蒋丹东,蔡建国. 可拆解性设计中的面向对象建模技术研究[J]. 中国机械工程. 2000.09: 987-988
[18] 高建刚,武英,向东等. 机电产品拆解研究综述[J]. 机械工程学报. 2004.07: 15-18
[19] 潘晓勇,刘光复,刘志峰. 三维环境下产品拆卸过程分析[J]. 机械工程学报增刊. 2002,38: 137-141
[20] 高建刚,段广洪等. 机电产品拆解序列生成研究[J]. 机械设计与研究. 2003.02: 1-2
[21] 陈建. 机电产品拆解回收分析建模及其系统实现[硕士学位论文] 山东大学. 2004.04
[22] 李修睦. 图论导引[M]. 华中工学院出版社. 1982.12
[23] 蒋丹东,刘光复. 可拆卸性设计的系统构成[J]. 合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版), 1999.22(4): 12-16
[24] 姚丽英 薛俊芳. 机电产品面向拆卸回收的绿色设计结构模型的比较[J]. 大同职业技术学院学报. 2005.03: 81-82
[25] 高建刚,段广洪,汪劲松. 面向回收设计中拆卸与或图方法的研究[J]. 计算机集成制造系统——CIMS. 2002.07: 575-576.
[26] 王波,王宁生. 基于Petri网产品拆解模型的研究[J]. 华东船舶工业学院学报. 2003.06: 88-89
[27] K.E Pbioore; A.Gungor; S.M.Gupta. Disassembly process planning using Petri nets [J]. Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Symposium, 1998,28(5): 88-93
[28] 巴兴强,曹军等. 报废汽车发动机拆卸信息及模型创建的探讨[J]. 农机使用与维修.2007.01: 7-8
[29] 李剑锋,李方义等. 产品绿色设计方法研究现状及展望[J]. 航空制造技术. 2004(11): 62-63
[30] Hong C Zhang, TsaiCKuo. Agraph-based approach to disassembly model for end-of-life product cycling[J].IEEE CPMTInternational Electronics Manufacturing Technology Symposium,1996: 247-254
[31] 刘学平. 机电产品拆卸分析基础理论及回收评估方法的研究[博士学位论文]. 合肥工业大学. 2000.07
[32] 郭伟祥,刘光复等. 产品拆卸运动仿真与干涉分析[J]. 计算机集成制造系统. 2006.04: 518-519
[33] A. K. Subramani P. Dewhurst. Automatic generation of product disassembly sequences[J]. Annals of the CIRP. 1991,40: 115-118
[34] 陈德清. 基于图论的产品可拆解性设计方法应用研究[硕士学位论文]. 浙江大学. 2003.01
[35] 李梁. 机电产品可拆解性设计理论研究及实现[硕士学位论文]. 安徽理工大学. 2005.04.
[36] Stylios C D,Groumpos P P. A soft Computing Approach for Modeling the Supervisor of Manufacturing Systems[J]. Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems. 1999(26): 389-403
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