地源热泵地埋管换热系统热堆积分析
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摘要
地源热泵(地埋管)系统是一项以节能和环保为特征的最具发展前景的空调技术,是国际空调和制冷行业的前沿课题之一。随着地源热泵的不断使用,又带来新的问题。由于冬夏的取热量与排热量不一样,从而导致运行若干年后产生地下热堆积。
本文对国内外研究发展现状和几种典型的垂直埋管换热器传热模型进行了总结,针对江苏某市地质条件,对垂直单U型埋管换热器周围温度场传热特性进行了分析。
文中首先研究了土壤温度的分布特性,确定了大地原始温度分布的计算式;针对江苏某市地下75m以内土壤温度分布进行了热工模拟计算,分析了土壤温度的变化规律;再进一步模拟江苏某市某住宅小区地源热泵系统整个地下的埋管情况,分析排热量与取热量比值不同的情况下,地下温度逐年变化趋势,模拟若干年后地下土壤的温度变化,与初始值比较,发现温度有不同程度的上升;将这些堆积的热耗散掉所需要的时间较长,若耗散时间过长会带来什么后果。最后给出地源热泵系统地下热堆积问题的解决方案。
Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) is a developing air-condition technology based on saving energy and protecting environment, which is one of the top national projects on air-condition and refrigeration. With the ceaseless using of GSHP, it brings new problems. Because the difference between taking heat in winter and letting heat in summer, accordingly it will result in heat accumulating underground after the system running several years.
This text sums up the research and development actuality in the world and several typical modeling of the vertical GHEs, it aims at the geological condition of some area of Jiangsu province, analyzing the distributing of temperature field in vertical single U-tube GHEs.
This text studies on temperature characteristic of the earth first, making sure the original temperature account formal of the earth; simulating the temperature distributing under the 75m of the earth in some area of Jiangsu province, analyzing the variational rule of the earth, the simulation result accords with the test result; and more simulating the whole underground temperature of the uptown in some area of Jiangsu province, analyzing the variety temperature trend year by year when the ratio of taking heat to letting heat is different, simulating the underground temperature after several years, compared with the original temperature, finding that the temperature will go up somewhat, the time which consume the heat underground is too long, it will bring some bad effects. At last, the text will give a project to solute the problem.
本文对国内外研究发展现状和几种典型的垂直埋管换热器传热模型进行了总结,针对江苏某市地质条件,对垂直单U型埋管换热器周围温度场传热特性进行了分析。
文中首先研究了土壤温度的分布特性,确定了大地原始温度分布的计算式;针对江苏某市地下75m以内土壤温度分布进行了热工模拟计算,分析了土壤温度的变化规律;再进一步模拟江苏某市某住宅小区地源热泵系统整个地下的埋管情况,分析排热量与取热量比值不同的情况下,地下温度逐年变化趋势,模拟若干年后地下土壤的温度变化,与初始值比较,发现温度有不同程度的上升;将这些堆积的热耗散掉所需要的时间较长,若耗散时间过长会带来什么后果。最后给出地源热泵系统地下热堆积问题的解决方案。
Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) is a developing air-condition technology based on saving energy and protecting environment, which is one of the top national projects on air-condition and refrigeration. With the ceaseless using of GSHP, it brings new problems. Because the difference between taking heat in winter and letting heat in summer, accordingly it will result in heat accumulating underground after the system running several years.
This text sums up the research and development actuality in the world and several typical modeling of the vertical GHEs, it aims at the geological condition of some area of Jiangsu province, analyzing the distributing of temperature field in vertical single U-tube GHEs.
This text studies on temperature characteristic of the earth first, making sure the original temperature account formal of the earth; simulating the temperature distributing under the 75m of the earth in some area of Jiangsu province, analyzing the variational rule of the earth, the simulation result accords with the test result; and more simulating the whole underground temperature of the uptown in some area of Jiangsu province, analyzing the variety temperature trend year by year when the ratio of taking heat to letting heat is different, simulating the underground temperature after several years, compared with the original temperature, finding that the temperature will go up somewhat, the time which consume the heat underground is too long, it will bring some bad effects. At last, the text will give a project to solute the problem.
引文
[1]蒋能照,姚国琉,周启瑾等.空调用热泵技术及应用.北京机械工业出版社,1997.
[2]郁永章主编.热泵原理与应用.北京中国建筑工业出版社,1988.
[3]于航,蔡龙俊.一种新型空调系统:水环路热泵空调系统.全国暖通空调制,1996年学术年会资料集,1996, (8):393-395.
[4]马最良,孙丽颖,杨自强,马光显.水环热泵空调系统设计.现代空调设计,空调热泵设计方法专辑,2001, (3): 119 -140.
[5] Stephen P Kavanaugh, Kevin Raferty. Ground-source heat pumps--design of geothermal systems for commercial an dinstitutional buildings. ASHRAE,1997.
[6]曲云霞,张林华,方肇洪,李安桂.地下水源热泵及其设计方法.可再生能源,2002,6:11 -14.
[7]曲云霞,方肇洪,张林华,周伟.地表水源热泵系统的设计.可再生能源,2003,3: 30 -32
[8]寿青云,陈汝东.高效节能的空调——地源热泵,节能2001,(1 ):41-43.
[9] RL D Cane. A comparison of measured and predicted performance of a ground-source heat pump system in a large building. ASHRAE Trans.1995,10 1(2):1081-1087.
[10] DR Dinse. Geothermal system for school. ASHRAE Journal,1998,40(5):52 -54.
[11] Steve Kavanaugh, Ground-coupled heat pumps for commercial buildings. ASHRAE Journal,1992,34 (9).
[12] RR Johnson J.A.Edwards, etal Experimental evaluation of three ground-coupled heat pump systems. ASHRAE Trans.1988,94 (IA):280-291.
[13] Steve Kavanaugh. Designc on side ration for ground and water source heat pumps in southern climates. ASHRAE Trans.1989,95 (1):1139-1148.
[14] M T Sulatisky,Gvanderkamp. Ground-source heat pumps in the Canadian prairies. ASHRAE Trans.1991, 97(l):374-385.
[15] Steve Kavanaugh. G round source heat pumps .ASHRAE Journal,1998,40(10):31-35.
[16] James E Bose. Geothermal Heat Pumps Introductory Guide.Oklahoma State University Ground Source Heat Pump Publications,1997.
[17]李新国,胡憬等.地源热泵供暖空调节能环保技术.节能与环保,2001,(2):19 -21.
[18]涂锋华,赵军等.地源热泵的工程应用与环保节能特性分析,节能与环保,2001,(3):33-35.
[19]曲云霞,张林华,崔永章.地源热泵及其应用分析.可再生能源,2002,4:7-9.
[20]吕灿仁.我国热泵现状、应用前景和使用问题.中国工程热物理学会余热(含低品位)回收和利用,学术会议论文,1998.
[21]田长青.土壤热源热泵用于冬季供暖的研究.天津商学院硕士论文,1990.
[22]高祖银等.土壤热源热泵用于供暖的研究.天津商学院学报,1991 (1)
[23]高祖馄,刘鹏建.土壤热源热泵用于夏季空调的研究.全国高等学校工程热物理第四届学术会议论文集,浙江大学出版社,1992.10.
[24]高祖馄,用于供暖的土壤-水热泵系统.暖通空调,1995(4):9-12.
[25]高祖馄,成通宝.土壤源热泵地下换热器的研究.全国高等学校工程热物理第五届学术会议论文集,大连理工大学出版社,1994.4.
[26]王勇.地源热泵.国外建筑科学.1997,(2):32-39.
[27]曲云霞,方肇洪,张林华,李安桂.太阳能辅助供暖的地源热泵经济性分析.可再生能源,2003 ,1: 8- 10.
[28]曲云霞,张林华,方肇洪,李安桂.地源热泵地下环路的设计方法.流体机械,2002,30 (9):50 -52.
[29]曲云霞,张林华,崔永章.地源热泵及其应用分析可再生能源,2002,4: 7-9 .
[30]曲云霞,张林华,方肇洪,李安桂.地源热泵系统防冻液的选择.节能与环保,2002,8:20-23.
[31]殷平.地源热泵在中国.现代空调第3辑,2001:1-10.
[32]谢汝铺.地源热泵系统的设计.现代空调第3辑,2001:33-72.
[33]方肇洪,刁乃仁,苏登超,崔平.竖直U型埋管地源热泵空调系统的设计与安装.现代空调第3辑,2001 : 101- 105.
[34]丁勇,刘宪英,胡鸣明等地源热泵系统实验研究综述.现代空调第3辑,2001:11-32.
[35]张旭.土壤源热泵的实验及相关基础理论研究.现代空调第3辑,2001:75-86.
[36] Deerman, S.B Kavanaugh. Simulation of vertical U-tube ground-coupled heat pump systems using the cylindrical heat source solution .ASHRAE trans.1991,97 (1):28 7-295.
[37] H S Carslaw ,JC Jaeger.Conductionof Heat in Solid. Seconded. Oxford University Press, Great Britain,1959 :261-265
[38] P Eskilson. Thermal analysis of heat extraction bore holes. University of Lund, Sweden,1987.
[39] V C Mei, C J Emerson. New Approach for Analysis of Ground-Coil Design for Applied Heat Pump Systems. ASHRAE Trans.1985,91 (2):1216-1224.
[40] V C Mei and V D Baxter .Performance of a ground-coupled heat pump with multiple dissimilar U-tube coils in series. ASHRAE Transactions,1986,92 Part2 :22 -25.
[41] G Hellstrom. Ground heat storage, Thermal analysis of duct storage systems .Department of Mathematical Physics ,University of Lund ,Sweden,1991.
[42] Cenk .Yavuzturk ,efrey D.spitler, etal. A transient two-dimensional finite volume model for the simulation of vertical U-tube ground heat exchangers. ASHRAE Trans.1999,105(2):465-47
[43] Cenk.Yavuzturk JefreyD .spider. A short time step response factor model for vertical ground loop heat exchangers .ASHRAE Trans.1999,105(2):475484.
[44] S P Rottmayer ,W .A. Beckman ,Jwmitchell. Simulation of a single vertical U-type ground heat exchanger in an infinite medium .AS HRAE Trans.1997,103(2):65 1-658.
[45] Per Eskilson .Numerical Study of radial and vertical mesh division for a single heat extraction borehole .Lund ,Sweden,1986.
[46] Monte K Dobson. Modified analytical method for simulating cyclic operation of vertical U-tube ground -coupled heat pumps, ASME-JSES-JSME International Solar Energy Conference,1995:69 -76
[47] Gu Y, O'Neal D L. Development of an equivalent diameter expression for verticalU-tube in ground–coupled heat pumps. ASHRAE Trans.1998,104(2):347-355.
[48] Ingersoll LR and H .JP lass .Theory of the Ground Pipe Heat Source for the Heat Pump. Heating, Piping & Air Conditioning.1948,July:119-122.
[49] Hart DP ,Couvillion R Earth coupled heat transfer, Publication of the National Water Well Association.1986 .
[50] Bose. Earth coil/heat pump research at the Annual Heat Pump Technology Conference.1982.
[51] Bose J E, Parker J D, Mcquiston F C. Design/data Systems, Atlanta: ASHRAE,1985.
[52] Caneta Research Inc. Commercial/Institutional Ground-Source Heat Pump Engineering Manual. ASHRAE, Atlanta, C a,1995.
[53] VC Mei. The oretical heat pump ground coil analysis with variable ground four-field boundary conditions. AICHE Journal,1986,32(7):662-667.
[2]郁永章主编.热泵原理与应用.北京中国建筑工业出版社,1988.
[3]于航,蔡龙俊.一种新型空调系统:水环路热泵空调系统.全国暖通空调制,1996年学术年会资料集,1996, (8):393-395.
[4]马最良,孙丽颖,杨自强,马光显.水环热泵空调系统设计.现代空调设计,空调热泵设计方法专辑,2001, (3): 119 -140.
[5] Stephen P Kavanaugh, Kevin Raferty. Ground-source heat pumps--design of geothermal systems for commercial an dinstitutional buildings. ASHRAE,1997.
[6]曲云霞,张林华,方肇洪,李安桂.地下水源热泵及其设计方法.可再生能源,2002,6:11 -14.
[7]曲云霞,方肇洪,张林华,周伟.地表水源热泵系统的设计.可再生能源,2003,3: 30 -32
[8]寿青云,陈汝东.高效节能的空调——地源热泵,节能2001,(1 ):41-43.
[9] RL D Cane. A comparison of measured and predicted performance of a ground-source heat pump system in a large building. ASHRAE Trans.1995,10 1(2):1081-1087.
[10] DR Dinse. Geothermal system for school. ASHRAE Journal,1998,40(5):52 -54.
[11] Steve Kavanaugh, Ground-coupled heat pumps for commercial buildings. ASHRAE Journal,1992,34 (9).
[12] RR Johnson J.A.Edwards, etal Experimental evaluation of three ground-coupled heat pump systems. ASHRAE Trans.1988,94 (IA):280-291.
[13] Steve Kavanaugh. Designc on side ration for ground and water source heat pumps in southern climates. ASHRAE Trans.1989,95 (1):1139-1148.
[14] M T Sulatisky,Gvanderkamp. Ground-source heat pumps in the Canadian prairies. ASHRAE Trans.1991, 97(l):374-385.
[15] Steve Kavanaugh. G round source heat pumps .ASHRAE Journal,1998,40(10):31-35.
[16] James E Bose. Geothermal Heat Pumps Introductory Guide.Oklahoma State University Ground Source Heat Pump Publications,1997.
[17]李新国,胡憬等.地源热泵供暖空调节能环保技术.节能与环保,2001,(2):19 -21.
[18]涂锋华,赵军等.地源热泵的工程应用与环保节能特性分析,节能与环保,2001,(3):33-35.
[19]曲云霞,张林华,崔永章.地源热泵及其应用分析.可再生能源,2002,4:7-9.
[20]吕灿仁.我国热泵现状、应用前景和使用问题.中国工程热物理学会余热(含低品位)回收和利用,学术会议论文,1998.
[21]田长青.土壤热源热泵用于冬季供暖的研究.天津商学院硕士论文,1990.
[22]高祖银等.土壤热源热泵用于供暖的研究.天津商学院学报,1991 (1)
[23]高祖馄,刘鹏建.土壤热源热泵用于夏季空调的研究.全国高等学校工程热物理第四届学术会议论文集,浙江大学出版社,1992.10.
[24]高祖馄,用于供暖的土壤-水热泵系统.暖通空调,1995(4):9-12.
[25]高祖馄,成通宝.土壤源热泵地下换热器的研究.全国高等学校工程热物理第五届学术会议论文集,大连理工大学出版社,1994.4.
[26]王勇.地源热泵.国外建筑科学.1997,(2):32-39.
[27]曲云霞,方肇洪,张林华,李安桂.太阳能辅助供暖的地源热泵经济性分析.可再生能源,2003 ,1: 8- 10.
[28]曲云霞,张林华,方肇洪,李安桂.地源热泵地下环路的设计方法.流体机械,2002,30 (9):50 -52.
[29]曲云霞,张林华,崔永章.地源热泵及其应用分析可再生能源,2002,4: 7-9 .
[30]曲云霞,张林华,方肇洪,李安桂.地源热泵系统防冻液的选择.节能与环保,2002,8:20-23.
[31]殷平.地源热泵在中国.现代空调第3辑,2001:1-10.
[32]谢汝铺.地源热泵系统的设计.现代空调第3辑,2001:33-72.
[33]方肇洪,刁乃仁,苏登超,崔平.竖直U型埋管地源热泵空调系统的设计与安装.现代空调第3辑,2001 : 101- 105.
[34]丁勇,刘宪英,胡鸣明等地源热泵系统实验研究综述.现代空调第3辑,2001:11-32.
[35]张旭.土壤源热泵的实验及相关基础理论研究.现代空调第3辑,2001:75-86.
[36] Deerman, S.B Kavanaugh. Simulation of vertical U-tube ground-coupled heat pump systems using the cylindrical heat source solution .ASHRAE trans.1991,97 (1):28 7-295.
[37] H S Carslaw ,JC Jaeger.Conductionof Heat in Solid. Seconded. Oxford University Press, Great Britain,1959 :261-265
[38] P Eskilson. Thermal analysis of heat extraction bore holes. University of Lund, Sweden,1987.
[39] V C Mei, C J Emerson. New Approach for Analysis of Ground-Coil Design for Applied Heat Pump Systems. ASHRAE Trans.1985,91 (2):1216-1224.
[40] V C Mei and V D Baxter .Performance of a ground-coupled heat pump with multiple dissimilar U-tube coils in series. ASHRAE Transactions,1986,92 Part2 :22 -25.
[41] G Hellstrom. Ground heat storage, Thermal analysis of duct storage systems .Department of Mathematical Physics ,University of Lund ,Sweden,1991.
[42] Cenk .Yavuzturk ,efrey D.spitler, etal. A transient two-dimensional finite volume model for the simulation of vertical U-tube ground heat exchangers. ASHRAE Trans.1999,105(2):465-47
[43] Cenk.Yavuzturk JefreyD .spider. A short time step response factor model for vertical ground loop heat exchangers .ASHRAE Trans.1999,105(2):475484.
[44] S P Rottmayer ,W .A. Beckman ,Jwmitchell. Simulation of a single vertical U-type ground heat exchanger in an infinite medium .AS HRAE Trans.1997,103(2):65 1-658.
[45] Per Eskilson .Numerical Study of radial and vertical mesh division for a single heat extraction borehole .Lund ,Sweden,1986.
[46] Monte K Dobson. Modified analytical method for simulating cyclic operation of vertical U-tube ground -coupled heat pumps, ASME-JSES-JSME International Solar Energy Conference,1995:69 -76
[47] Gu Y, O'Neal D L. Development of an equivalent diameter expression for verticalU-tube in ground–coupled heat pumps. ASHRAE Trans.1998,104(2):347-355.
[48] Ingersoll LR and H .JP lass .Theory of the Ground Pipe Heat Source for the Heat Pump. Heating, Piping & Air Conditioning.1948,July:119-122.
[49] Hart DP ,Couvillion R Earth coupled heat transfer, Publication of the National Water Well Association.1986 .
[50] Bose. Earth coil/heat pump research at the Annual Heat Pump Technology Conference.1982.
[51] Bose J E, Parker J D, Mcquiston F C. Design/data Systems, Atlanta: ASHRAE,1985.
[52] Caneta Research Inc. Commercial/Institutional Ground-Source Heat Pump Engineering Manual. ASHRAE, Atlanta, C a,1995.
[53] VC Mei. The oretical heat pump ground coil analysis with variable ground four-field boundary conditions. AICHE Journal,1986,32(7):662-667.