长距离独头隧洞施工通风数值模拟研究
摘要
长距离独头隧洞施工通风的研究与模拟仿真具有现实的工程应用价值,隧道施工通风的目的是源源不断地送进新鲜空气,并排出有害气体,保障洞内工作人员的身心健康,改善其劳动条件,最终保证了施工的安全和提高了生产效率。但一些工程施工单位却忽视了施工通风的重要性,使得隧道内工作人员长期在有害气体和粉尘的危害下工作。因此使得本论文研究有了很重要的意义。
本文分别对水利隧洞施工通风理论和计算流体动力学理论进行了描述,并在此基础上将计算流体动力学应用于引洮供水一期工程总干渠6#隧洞的压入式通风工程中,对隧洞内空气流体的流速进行模拟仿真。
本文在建立隧洞内施工通风时,建立和实际工程相对应的5×2000m隧洞施工通风模型,在模型中分别采用三种离散方法：先用一阶离散方法,再应用二阶离散方法,最后利用速度梯度定位网格单元并给予改进和加密,能量方程采用的是二阶离散方法,并对这三种计算方法所取得的结果进行比较分析。
本文通过对实际工程的现场测定,测出隧洞内有害气体、粉尘浓度和风速的数值,之后用数值模拟仿真与实测数据进行对比分析,从而论证本模型数值模拟仿真的正确性。
通过数值模拟和实测数据的对比,分析出断面440m为本实际工程压入式通风的薄弱面,分别采用两种解决方法对实际工程进行处理,这两种方法分别为压入式通风风筒出口距工作面的不同距离对实际工程通风情况的模拟,选取了5个不同的位置进行模拟分析,得出了风筒出口距工作面最优的距离；以及在适当位置增设一台射流风机对实际工程通风情况的的模拟,选取了3个不同的位置进行模拟分析,得出了射流风机设置的最优位置。通过以上两种方法的数值模拟分析,都对实际工程达到了理想的效果,具有实际工程应用价值。
Study and analog simulation for long single tunnel ventilation play an important role in practical engineering, and it aim at sending fresh air in constantly and poison gas out, health protection of worker and working condition of themselves. Ultimately, it will ensure operator for construction to be safe and improve productivity efficiently. However, some contractors have not realized the importance of ventilation in construction; making the operators work under a bad environment of poison gas and bug dust. Just base on this, the thesis for study and research on tunnel ventilation have very important significance.
The article gave more detailed discussion on theories of the water tunnel ventilation theory and computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and on that basis, it applies Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to 6# tunnel's forced ventilation system in main canal for water diverting project, and simulate air flow velocity on the tunnel.
This article also introduces that the establishment of model corresponding to 5×2000m practical ventilation construction, and it build use three different discrete ways:first by the first order discrete method, then the second-order, finally using velocity gradient grid cell to improve positioning and encryption, the second-order discrete method is adopted to energy equation, the results from three calculation methods and were compared.
Through the actual measurement, harmful gas and dust concentration and the actual value of the wind was detected. The thesis demonstrates the correctness of this model simulation via experimental results and data comparison analysis.
Based on the numerical simulation and measured data, analyze the actual project-based Section 440 meters with forced ventilation of the weak side, two solutions were used to process the actual project, the two methods were forced ventilation air duct different distances from the exit face ventilation works on the actual simulation, selected five different locations to simulate the analysis shows that the hair dryer from the best export from the face; and where appropriate add a jet fan on ventilation in practical engineering simulation, selected three different positions for simulation analysis shows that the jet fans to set the optimum position.The above two methods of numerical simulation, both the actual works to achieve the desired results, with practical engineering applications.
本文分别对水利隧洞施工通风理论和计算流体动力学理论进行了描述,并在此基础上将计算流体动力学应用于引洮供水一期工程总干渠6#隧洞的压入式通风工程中,对隧洞内空气流体的流速进行模拟仿真。
本文在建立隧洞内施工通风时,建立和实际工程相对应的5×2000m隧洞施工通风模型,在模型中分别采用三种离散方法：先用一阶离散方法,再应用二阶离散方法,最后利用速度梯度定位网格单元并给予改进和加密,能量方程采用的是二阶离散方法,并对这三种计算方法所取得的结果进行比较分析。
本文通过对实际工程的现场测定,测出隧洞内有害气体、粉尘浓度和风速的数值,之后用数值模拟仿真与实测数据进行对比分析,从而论证本模型数值模拟仿真的正确性。
通过数值模拟和实测数据的对比,分析出断面440m为本实际工程压入式通风的薄弱面,分别采用两种解决方法对实际工程进行处理,这两种方法分别为压入式通风风筒出口距工作面的不同距离对实际工程通风情况的模拟,选取了5个不同的位置进行模拟分析,得出了风筒出口距工作面最优的距离；以及在适当位置增设一台射流风机对实际工程通风情况的的模拟,选取了3个不同的位置进行模拟分析,得出了射流风机设置的最优位置。通过以上两种方法的数值模拟分析,都对实际工程达到了理想的效果,具有实际工程应用价值。
Study and analog simulation for long single tunnel ventilation play an important role in practical engineering, and it aim at sending fresh air in constantly and poison gas out, health protection of worker and working condition of themselves. Ultimately, it will ensure operator for construction to be safe and improve productivity efficiently. However, some contractors have not realized the importance of ventilation in construction; making the operators work under a bad environment of poison gas and bug dust. Just base on this, the thesis for study and research on tunnel ventilation have very important significance.
The article gave more detailed discussion on theories of the water tunnel ventilation theory and computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and on that basis, it applies Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to 6# tunnel's forced ventilation system in main canal for water diverting project, and simulate air flow velocity on the tunnel.
This article also introduces that the establishment of model corresponding to 5×2000m practical ventilation construction, and it build use three different discrete ways:first by the first order discrete method, then the second-order, finally using velocity gradient grid cell to improve positioning and encryption, the second-order discrete method is adopted to energy equation, the results from three calculation methods and were compared.
Through the actual measurement, harmful gas and dust concentration and the actual value of the wind was detected. The thesis demonstrates the correctness of this model simulation via experimental results and data comparison analysis.
Based on the numerical simulation and measured data, analyze the actual project-based Section 440 meters with forced ventilation of the weak side, two solutions were used to process the actual project, the two methods were forced ventilation air duct different distances from the exit face ventilation works on the actual simulation, selected five different locations to simulate the analysis shows that the hair dryer from the best export from the face; and where appropriate add a jet fan on ventilation in practical engineering simulation, selected three different positions for simulation analysis shows that the jet fans to set the optimum position.The above two methods of numerical simulation, both the actual works to achieve the desired results, with practical engineering applications.
引文
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[2]隧道译丛.成都,铁道部科学研究院西南分院,1990,4-1991,4.1991,9-1992,8.
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[4]赖涤泉.铁路隧道施工通风技术的新进展.铁道建筑,1994,2,6-10.
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[9]曾飞轮.地铁空调通风设计问题探讨.铁道工程学报,1997,(53)：144-148.
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[13]赵金锐,蔡小扬,徐威明.长大公路隧道不同纵向通风方式的选用.广东公路交通,1998,54：35-39.
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[17]郑道访.对《公路隧道设计规范》中有关通风条文的探讨.世界隧道,1998.5：14-16.
[18]吴江航,韩庆书.计算流体力学的理论、方法及应用.科学出版社,1991,11
[19]Richard Bettis. Controlling smoke in tunnel fires. Fire Prevention 280 June 1995:19-23.
[20]A.Guelzim,J.M.Souil,J.P.Vantelon. Modelling of a Reverse Layer of Fire-Induced Smoke Tunnel. Fire Safety Science. Proceedings of the 4th International symposium,277-288.
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[22]S.Kumar. Field Model Simulations of Vehicle Fires in a Channel Tunnel Shuttle Wagon. Fire Safety Science, Proceedings of the 4th international symposium,995-1006.
[23]VB.APTE, A.R.GREEN, J.H.KENT. Pool Fire Plume Flow in a Large-Scale Wind Tunnel.Fire Safety Science, Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium,425-434.
[24]W.K.Chow. Dispersion of Carbon Monoxide from a Vehicular Tunnel with the Exit Locaed along a Hillside. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,1989,vol.4,No 2:231-234.
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[27]Li Xianting, Yan Qisen. Numerical Analysis of Smoke Movement in Subway.火灾科学,1993,2(2)：6-13.
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[29]李先庭.柱状燃料火焰传播及隧道网络烟气流动分析：(博士学位论文).北京：清华大学.1995：1-99.
[30]祝兵,关宝树,郑道坊.公路长隧道纵向通风的数值模拟.西南交通大学学报,1999,34(2)：133-137.
[31]冯炼.新龙门隧道射流通风与污染物浓度的数值分析.西南交通大学学报,1997,32(2)：203-207.
[32]叶瑞标,叶明生,徐戍勤等.地下建筑火灾烟气流动的数学模型.消防科技,1993,(3)：17-19.
[33]Richard E. Hay. Prevention of Highway Tunnel Fires.1983,1-63.
[34]周雪漪.计算水力学.北京：清华大学出版社,1995.
[35]陶文铨.数值传热学(第二版).西安：西安交通大学出版社,2001.
[36]郭鸿志.传输工程数值模拟.北京：冶金工业出版社,1998.
[37]H.K. Versteeg,W.Malalasekera,An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics:The Finite Volume Method.Wiley,New York,1995.
[38]S.V.Patankar,Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow.Hemisphere,Washington,1980.
[39]H.Schlichting,Boundary Layer Therapy,8ed.McGraw Hill,New York,1979.
[40]M.B.Abbott,D.R.Basco,Computational Fluid Dynamics-An Introduction for Engineers.Longman Scientific & Technical,Harlow,England,1989.
[41]Marzio Piller,Enrico Nobile,J.Thomas,DNS study of turbulent transport at low Prandtl numbers in a channel flow.Journal of Fluid Mechanics,(458):419-441,2002.
[42]J.G.Wissink.DNS of separating low Reynolds number flow in a turbine cascade with incoming wakes,International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow,24(4):626-635,2003.
[43]A.A.Feiz,M.Ould-Rouis,G.Lauriat,Large eddy simulation of turbulent flow in a rotating pipe.Intern-ational Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow,24(3):412-420,2003.
[44]Mary Ivan,Sagaut Pierre.Large-eddy simulation of flow around an airfoil Near stall.AIAA ournal,40 (6):1139-1145,2002.
[45]D.G.E.Grigoriadis,J.G.Bartzis,A.Goulas,Efficient treatment of complex Geometries for large eddy simulations of turbulent flows.Computers and Fluids,33(2):201-222,2004.
[46]L.Shen,D.K.P.Yue,Large-eddy simulation of free-surface turbulence.Jour-Nal of Fluid Mechanics, 440:75-116,2001.
[47]R.E.Julian,K.Smolarkiewicz,Eddy resolving simulations of turbulent solar convection.International Journal for Numerial Methods in Fluid,39(9):885-864,2002.
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[2]隧道译丛.成都,铁道部科学研究院西南分院,1990,4-1991,4.1991,9-1992,8.
[3]赖涤泉.隧道施工通风与防尘.北京,中国铁道出版社,1994.
[4]赖涤泉.铁路隧道施工通风技术的新进展.铁道建筑,1994,2,6-10.
[5]铁道部隧道局.大瑶山长大铁路隧道修建新技术.1998.
[6]毛遵训,徐宝贤.长隧道纵向式通风设计.公路,1994,9：12-15.
[7]王晓雯,蒋树屏.公路长隧道纵向组合通风计算方法及应用.中国公路学报,1996,9(3)：62-71.
[8]陈建勋,王华牢.高速公路隧道通风设计.公路,1998,9：32-35.
[9]曾飞轮.地铁空调通风设计问题探讨.铁道工程学报,1997,(53)：144-148.
[10]高孟理,武金明.隧道通风中射流风机的调压作用分析.兰州铁道学院学报,1998,17(1)：99-94.
[11]张毅.梧桐山隧道的通风.广东公路交通,1998,5：30-34.
[12]汤乾忠,杜放.中梁山隧道纵向式通风的效益分析.公路,1994,9：15-17.
[13]赵金锐,蔡小扬,徐威明.长大公路隧道不同纵向通风方式的选用.广东公路交通,1998,54：35-39.
[14]罗衍俭.长大公路隧道通风系统的选择.公路,1998,8：38-41.
[15]侯志远.营运公路隧道通风系统的选择.公路,1995,10：16-20.
[16]蒋树屏.公路隧道竖井送排通风模式及工程应用.世界隧道,1998,4：43-48.
[17]郑道访.对《公路隧道设计规范》中有关通风条文的探讨.世界隧道,1998.5：14-16.
[18]吴江航,韩庆书.计算流体力学的理论、方法及应用.科学出版社,1991,11
[19]Richard Bettis. Controlling smoke in tunnel fires. Fire Prevention 280 June 1995:19-23.
[20]A.Guelzim,J.M.Souil,J.P.Vantelon. Modelling of a Reverse Layer of Fire-Induced Smoke Tunnel. Fire Safety Science. Proceedings of the 4th International symposium,277-288.
[21]J.P.Vantelon,A.Guelzim,D.Quach. Investigation of Fire-Induced Smoke Movement in Tunnels and Stations:An Application to the Paris Metro. Fire Safety Science，Proceedingsof the ternational symposium, 907-918.
[22]S.Kumar. Field Model Simulations of Vehicle Fires in a Channel Tunnel Shuttle Wagon. Fire Safety Science, Proceedings of the 4th international symposium,995-1006.
[23]VB.APTE, A.R.GREEN, J.H.KENT. Pool Fire Plume Flow in a Large-Scale Wind Tunnel.Fire Safety Science, Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium,425-434.
[24]W.K.Chow. Dispersion of Carbon Monoxide from a Vehicular Tunnel with the Exit Locaed along a Hillside. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,1989,vol.4,No 2:231-234.
[25]S.Kumar, G.Cox. Mathematical Modelling of fires in Road Tunnels.BHRA.5th international Symposi-um on Aerodynamics & Ventilation of Vehicle Tunnels, France,1985. France:BHRA,1985:61-76.
[26]A.Mizuno, H.Ohashi, I.Nakahori. Emergency Operation of Ventilation For the Kan-Etsu Road Tunnel. BHRA.5th in ternational Symposium on Aerodynamics & Ventilation of Vehicle Tunnels, France,1985. France:BHRA,1985:77-92.
[27]Li Xianting, Yan Qisen. Numerical Analysis of Smoke Movement in Subway.火灾科学,1993,2(2)：6-13.
[28]李先庭.CFD在HVAC领域中的应用：(硕士学位论文).北京：清华大学.1991：1-57.
[29]李先庭.柱状燃料火焰传播及隧道网络烟气流动分析：(博士学位论文).北京：清华大学.1995：1-99.
[30]祝兵,关宝树,郑道坊.公路长隧道纵向通风的数值模拟.西南交通大学学报,1999,34(2)：133-137.
[31]冯炼.新龙门隧道射流通风与污染物浓度的数值分析.西南交通大学学报,1997,32(2)：203-207.
[32]叶瑞标,叶明生,徐戍勤等.地下建筑火灾烟气流动的数学模型.消防科技,1993,(3)：17-19.
[33]Richard E. Hay. Prevention of Highway Tunnel Fires.1983,1-63.
[34]周雪漪.计算水力学.北京：清华大学出版社,1995.
[35]陶文铨.数值传热学(第二版).西安：西安交通大学出版社,2001.
[36]郭鸿志.传输工程数值模拟.北京：冶金工业出版社,1998.
[37]H.K. Versteeg,W.Malalasekera,An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics:The Finite Volume Method.Wiley,New York,1995.
[38]S.V.Patankar,Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow.Hemisphere,Washington,1980.
[39]H.Schlichting,Boundary Layer Therapy,8ed.McGraw Hill,New York,1979.
[40]M.B.Abbott,D.R.Basco,Computational Fluid Dynamics-An Introduction for Engineers.Longman Scientific & Technical,Harlow,England,1989.
[41]Marzio Piller,Enrico Nobile,J.Thomas,DNS study of turbulent transport at low Prandtl numbers in a channel flow.Journal of Fluid Mechanics,(458):419-441,2002.
[42]J.G.Wissink.DNS of separating low Reynolds number flow in a turbine cascade with incoming wakes,International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow,24(4):626-635,2003.
[43]A.A.Feiz,M.Ould-Rouis,G.Lauriat,Large eddy simulation of turbulent flow in a rotating pipe.Intern-ational Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow,24(3):412-420,2003.
[44]Mary Ivan,Sagaut Pierre.Large-eddy simulation of flow around an airfoil Near stall.AIAA ournal,40 (6):1139-1145,2002.
[45]D.G.E.Grigoriadis,J.G.Bartzis,A.Goulas,Efficient treatment of complex Geometries for large eddy simulations of turbulent flows.Computers and Fluids,33(2):201-222,2004.
[46]L.Shen,D.K.P.Yue,Large-eddy simulation of free-surface turbulence.Jour-Nal of Fluid Mechanics, 440:75-116,2001.
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