关于英国大学生就业能力培养的初步研究
|
摘要
随着近年来高校招生规模的扩大,大学生就业难问题日益突显。怎样提升毕业生的就业竞争力,早日树立毕业生就业准备意识成为高等教育大众化背景下高校工作的重点之一。国外尤其是英国高校在面临这个问题时就将毕业生自身就业能力与素质作为培养重点,提倡将就业能力内容融入课程改造中,同时社会团体以及政府也主动参与其中。经过多方努力,英国大学生的就业能力教育步如世界前列,其所采取的相关措施和发展策略值得为中国乃至其他国家所借鉴。本文以文献阅读法、比较研究法、个案分析法等方法对英国高校为主的就业能力培养进行了初步的研究,研究将从以下几个部分展开:
首先在绪论部分简单介绍了本研究的缘起、目的、思路,价值以及文献综述。第一章从英国十年间的毕业生数量变化入手,阐述经济以及高等教育大众化对毕业生就业的影响,论述了英国政府的政策取向。第二章为本文的重要章节,介绍了就业能力的概念,并对英国大学生就业能力的培养过程进行分析,涉及高校对就业能力培养课程的设计、审核以及对教师的要求。阐述了教学的实施过程以及对学生的评价方法,并对部分高校的培养措施进行重点介绍。第三章分析英国就业能力培养的特点,总结其在实施中所取得的经验与启示。结合我国的具体情况,提出一些展望。
With the recent expansion of college enrollment, the employment difficulties of university students is increasingly obvious. How to enhance the competitiveness of graduates in employment market and how to establish an early recognition of employment preparation has become one of the most important work of colleges and universities under the context of the popularization of higher education. Other counties, in particular, the United Kingdom put an emphasis on the development of employability and quality of undergraduates when facing a similar situation,the UK claim to embed the employability into curricular design. Social groups and local government also played an indispensable role in the process. After a good many years of efforts, the education of employability for university students in U.K became top-ranked in the world, the relevant measures and development strategies they take should be valued by China and other counties. This paper will employ some methods: the method of literature research, comparative research, the method of case analysis .The study will be carried out by the following sections:
In this dissertation, a brief preface will introduce the origin, purpose, ideas, values and literature review for this study. Chapter One will demonstrate the influence by economy and popularization of higher education base on the data that about the increased number of the United Kingdom graduates .Then Discusses the policy direction of the UK Government. Chapter Two is an analysis of the development of employability in higher education colleges , involving the design and audit of employability curriculum ,explore the requirements for teachers. Make an analysis of the implementation of the teaching process and evaluation methods for students by introducing some colleges and universities cultivation measures. Chapter Three Analyses characteristics of employability development, analyze the experience for implementation and enlightenment. According to the specific circumstances of China and put forward a number of prospects.
首先在绪论部分简单介绍了本研究的缘起、目的、思路,价值以及文献综述。第一章从英国十年间的毕业生数量变化入手,阐述经济以及高等教育大众化对毕业生就业的影响,论述了英国政府的政策取向。第二章为本文的重要章节,介绍了就业能力的概念,并对英国大学生就业能力的培养过程进行分析,涉及高校对就业能力培养课程的设计、审核以及对教师的要求。阐述了教学的实施过程以及对学生的评价方法,并对部分高校的培养措施进行重点介绍。第三章分析英国就业能力培养的特点,总结其在实施中所取得的经验与启示。结合我国的具体情况,提出一些展望。
With the recent expansion of college enrollment, the employment difficulties of university students is increasingly obvious. How to enhance the competitiveness of graduates in employment market and how to establish an early recognition of employment preparation has become one of the most important work of colleges and universities under the context of the popularization of higher education. Other counties, in particular, the United Kingdom put an emphasis on the development of employability and quality of undergraduates when facing a similar situation,the UK claim to embed the employability into curricular design. Social groups and local government also played an indispensable role in the process. After a good many years of efforts, the education of employability for university students in U.K became top-ranked in the world, the relevant measures and development strategies they take should be valued by China and other counties. This paper will employ some methods: the method of literature research, comparative research, the method of case analysis .The study will be carried out by the following sections:
In this dissertation, a brief preface will introduce the origin, purpose, ideas, values and literature review for this study. Chapter One will demonstrate the influence by economy and popularization of higher education base on the data that about the increased number of the United Kingdom graduates .Then Discusses the policy direction of the UK Government. Chapter Two is an analysis of the development of employability in higher education colleges , involving the design and audit of employability curriculum ,explore the requirements for teachers. Make an analysis of the implementation of the teaching process and evaluation methods for students by introducing some colleges and universities cultivation measures. Chapter Three Analyses characteristics of employability development, analyze the experience for implementation and enlightenment. According to the specific circumstances of China and put forward a number of prospects.
引文
[1]张利民.大学生创业:成功道路的选择.中国青年研究,2008,(6):36-46.
[1]姚裕群.我国大学生就业难问题演变与近期发展趋势[J].人口学刊,2008(1):10-14.
[2]温家宝.政府工作报告[M].北京:人民出版社,2006.
[1]邬大光.中国高等教育大众化问题研究[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004:120.
[1]邬大光.中国高等教育大众化问题研究[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004:120.
[1]苏敏.英国高校提升大学生就业力的策略研究[D].东北师范大学硕士论文.2007.
[1]苏敏.英国高校提升大学生就业力的策略研究[D].东北师范大学硕士论文.2007.
[1]顾明远、教育大辞典(第3卷).上海教育出版社,1999.
[2]Number of university graduates rises[EB/OL].http://www.graduate-jobs.com/gj/news/51/Number_of_university graduates_rises,2008-10-30.
[1]AGCAS,Graduate destinations in the last ten years[R].http://www.prospects.ac.uk/cms/ShowPage/Home_page/Main_menu__Research/Labour_market_information/Graduate_Market_Trends_2006/Graduate_destinations_in_the _last_ten_years_Winter_06_07_/pdf,2008-10-30.
[1]AGCAS,Graduate destinations in the last ten years[R].http://www.prospects.ac.uk/cms/ShowPage/Home_page/Main_menu__Research/Labour_market_information/Graduate_Market_Trends_2006/Graduate_destinations_in_th e_last_ten_years_Winter_06_07_/pdf,2008-10-30.
[2]Peter Elias and Kate Purcell.Seven years on:Graduate Careers in a Changing Labour Market[R].http://www.hecsu .ac.uk/hecsu.rd/research_reports_135.htm,2008-10-30.
[1]Mantz Yorke.Employability in higher education:what it is-what it is not[R].http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/York/documents/ourwork/tla/employability/id116_employability_in_higher_education_336.pdf,2008-11-01.
[2]Knight,P.T.and Yorke.Employability through the curriculum[M].Tertiary Education and Management 2002:261-276.
[3]Harvey,L.Moon,S.and Geall,V.with Bower,R.Graduates' work:organization change and students' attributes[M].Birmingham:Centre for Research into Quality together with the Association of Graduate Recruiters,1997.
[1]段晓明.迈向“世界一流水平的技能”-简介英国的雷奇报告.世界教育信息,2007:08.
[2]Employability,business and industry.http://www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/PolicyAndResearch/PolicyAreas/,2008-11-01.
[1]Dr Dawn Lees.Graduate Employability - Literature Review[M].http://www.palatine.ac.uk/files/emp/1233.pdf,2008-11-09.
[2]Hillage J,Pollard E.Employability:developing a framework for policy analysis--Issues for public policy[R].Department for Education and Employment,1998.
[1]Hillage J,Pollard E.Employability:developing a framework for policy analysis[R].1998.
[1]Harry J.Boundaryless Careers and Employability Obligation s[J].,Business Ethics Quarefly,Vol.13,2003:2,131-149.
[2]Charner,1.(1988),Employability credentials:A key to Successful youth transition to work,Journal of Career Development,Vol.15:30-40.
[3]Mantz Yorke.Employability in higher education:what it is-what it is not[R].http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/York/documents/ourwork/tla/employability/id116_employability_in_higher_education_336.pdf [4
]NCIHE.Higher Education in the Learning,Report of the National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education Society[m].1997-9.
[1]Hillage,J.and Pollard,E.Reading between the lines of graduate employment[M].Quality in Higher Education,2001.
[2]Knight,P.& Yorke,M.Employability through the curriculum[R].Skills Plus Project.2001.
[3]Coopers and Lybrand,Skills development in Higher Education.Report for CVCP/DfEE/HEQE.London:Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals of the universities of the UK(CVCP).
[4]Knight,P.& Yorke,M.Skills plus:Tuning the Undergraduate Curriculum[R].Skills Plus Project Report,2000.
[5]Atkins,M.J.Oven-ready and self-basting:taking stock of employability skills[M].Teaching in Higher Education 1999:4(2) 267-280.
[6]Geoff Mason,Gareth Williams,Sue Cranmer.Employability Skills Initiatives in Higher Education[R].National Institute of Economic and Social Research,London,2006.http://www.niesr.ac.uk/pdf/061006_91251.pdf,2008-12-11.
[1]Hillage,J.and Pollard,E.,Employability:Developing a Framework for Policy Analysis[R].London,Department for Education and Employment,1998.
[2]Mantz Yorke,Peter T Knight.Embedding employability into the curriculum[R].The higher education academy.http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/York/documents/ourwork/tla/employability/id460_embedding_employability_into_the_curriculum_338.pdf,2008-11-04.
[1]Little,B.,Connor,H.,Lebeau,Y.,Pierce,D.,Sinclair,E.,Thomas,L.,and Yarrow,K.Vocational higher educationdoes it meet employers' needs? London:Learningand Skills Development Agency.[R],2003.
[2]Reich,R.B.The work of nations[J].London:Simon and Schuster,1991.
[1]National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education(Dearing Committee).Higher Education in the Learning Society:Report of the National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education.Stationery Office[R],London.
[2]Sue Bloxham.Embedding skills and employability in higher education:an institutional curriculum framework approach[R].Higher Education Academy,http://www.palatine.ac.uk/files/emp/1211.pdf,2008-11-11.
[3]Robbins,Lord.Report of the Committee under the Chairmanship of Lord Robbins[R].1963.
[4]DfES.Work related Learning Report[R].2002.
[5]De la Harpe,B.,Radloff,A.& Wyber,J.Quality and generic skills.Quality in Higher 1Education[J].2000:6(3):231-243.
[6]宋国学.英国高校可雇佣性开发的特点及启示现代教育科学[J].2007(6).
[1]Biggs,J.Teaching for quality learning at university(2nd edition).Buckingham:SRHE and Open University Press.2003.pdf,2008-11-11.
[1]Mantz Yorke,Peter T Knight Embedding employability into the curriculum[R],http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets /York/documents/ourwork/tla/employability/id460_embedding_employability_into_the_curriculum_338.pdf,2008-11-01.
[1]Knight,P.T.Being a teacher in higher education.Buckingham:SRHE and Open[M].University Press.2002.
[1]Higher education academy.Pedagogy for employability.http://www.qualityresearchinternational.com/ese/relatedpubs/Pedagogy%20for%20employability.pdf,2008-11-06.
[1]Christine Steven and Stephen Fallows.Enhancing Employability Skills Within Higher Education:Impact on eaching.Learning and Assessment[R].University of Luton.http://www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/documents/000000700.htm,2008-11-01.
[1]Christine Steven and Stephen Fallows.Enhancing Employability Skills Within Higher Education:Impact on Teaching,Learning and Assessment[R].University of Luton.http://www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/documents/000000700.htm,2008-11-01.
[2]Geoff Mason,Gareth Williams,Sue Cranmer.Employability Skills Initiatives in Higher Education[R].National Institute of Economic and Social Research,London,2006.http://www.niesr.ac.uk/pdf/061006_91251.pdf,2008-12-11.
[3]Peter T.Kight& MantzYorke.Employability and Good Learning in Higher Education Centre for Outcomes-based Education[M].Liverpool John Moores University.2002.
[1]毛梅兰.英国PDP的教学模式值得效法.疯狂英语·教师版,2006:11.
[1]Knight,P.T.Being a teacher in higher education[M].Buckingham:SRHE and Open University Press.2002.
[2]Stephenson,J.Work-based learning and universities in the UK:a review of current practice and trends[J].Higher Education Research and Development,1998:17(2),155-170.
[1]刘孟奇。调整教学方法以提升学生就业力:英国Skills Plus计划[M].高教简讯,2006.
[1]Mantz Yorke,Peter T Knight.Embedding employability into the curriculum[R].The higher education academy.http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/York/documents/ourwork/tla/employability/id460_embedding_Employability _into_the_curriculum_338.pdf,2008-11-01.
[1]Yorke,M.and Knight,P.some implications for teaching and learning in higher education[M].Studies in Higher Education,2004:8(1):25-37.
[1]Black and Wiliam Black,P.Assessment and classroom learning[M].Assessment in Education1998:5(1),7-74.
[1]Blackwell,A.,Bowes,L.,Harvey,L.,Hesketh,A.and Knight,P.T.Transforming work experience in higher education[R],British Educational Research Journal,2001:26(3),269-286.
[1]Knight,P.T.and Yorke,M.Assessment,learning and employability[J].Maidenhead:Society for Research in Higher Education and the Open University Press.2003.
[1]留英毕业生在英就业优惠政策[EB/OL].http://www.oxbridgedu.org/detail/england/13377.shtml,2008-10-10.
[2]Maguire M.Delivering Quality:Quality Assurance and Delivery of Careers Education[R],Information and Guidance for Learning and Work within Higher Education,DfES.2005.
[1]Employability Newsletter February 2008[R].The higher education acdemy,http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets /York/documents/aboutus/scotland/Emplyability_February_2008.pdf,2008-12-11.
[1]Seeda--Continuous Employment Support Service[R].http://www.seeda.co.uk/about_seeda/board_members/boards_and_committees/SEEDA_Board_Minutes/2008/docs/Dec2008/Item-9b-South-East-England-Development-A gency.pdf,2009-12-11.
[2]EQUAL Employability Access Project[EB/OL.]http://www.nthbp.org/index.cfm/area/information/page/EQUAL,2008-11-01.
[1]Teachers experience Education for Employability by taking on Construction Jobs[EB/OL].http://www.Rewarding learning.org.uk/microsites_other/employability/,2008-11-11.
[1]周红,夏义望.英国高校就业指导服务的发展启示[M].江苏高教,2004(5).
1 姚裕群.我国大学生就业难问题演变与近期发展趋势[J].人口学刊,2008(01):10-14.
2 温家宝.政府工作报告[M].北京:人民出版社,2006.
3 邬大光.中国高等教育大众化问题研究[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004.
4 苏敏.英国高校提升大学生就业力的策略研究[D].东北师范大学硕士论文.2007.
5 毛梅兰.英国PDP的教学模式值得效法.《疯狂英语·教师版》,2006:11.
6 刘孟奇.调整教学方法以提升学生就业力:英国Skills Plus计划[M].《高教简讯》,2006.
7 张利民.大学生创业:成功道路的选择.中国青年研究,2008,(6):36-46
8 陈呈频.论大学生就业形势和就业适应问题[J].华东经济管理,2003(3).
9 杨伟国.国外大学生就业政策:背景、措施与借鉴[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2004.
10 李平.我国高教改革下大学生“就业难”现象解析及思考[D].天津大学社会科学与外国语学院,2005.
11 王建新.国外学校职业指导概述.黑龙江高教研究,1996(5).
12 罗刚寿.选才用人-适用才是硬道理[J].中国人力资源开发,2004(4).
13 吕红平,李英.大学生如何提升就业能力[J].光明日报,2006-12-21(07).
14 王喜军.试论高校就业指导的现状与对策[J].郑州牧业工程高等专科学校学报,2002(11):289-290.
15 谢晋宇,宋国学.论离校学生的可雇佣性和可雇佣性技能[J].南开大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2005(2):85-92.
16 谢晋宇.人力资源开发概论[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
17 郑晓明.“就业能力”论[J].中国青年组织学院学报,2002,21(3).
18 Waterman,R.H.,Waterman,J.A.,Collard,B.A.."Toward a Career Resilient Workforce".Harvard Business Review,1994,7-8.
19 Clandinin D J.arrative and Story in Teacher Education,Teachers and Teaching:From Classroom to Reflection.[J].Sussex:Falmer Press, 1992.124-37.
20 Number of university graduates rises [EB/OL]. http://www.graduate-jobs.com/gj/ news/51/Number_of_university_graduates_rises,2008-10-30.
21 AGCAS ,Graduate destinations in the last ten years[R]. http://www.prospects.ac.uk/ cms/ShowPage/Home_page/Main_menu___Research/Labour market_information/Gr aduate_Market_Trends_2006/Graduate_destinations_in_the_last_ten_years__Winter_ 06_07_/pdf,2008-10-30.
22 Peter Elias and Kate Purcell .Seven years on: Graduate Careers in a Changing Labour Market[R]. http://www.hecsu.ac.uk/hecsu.rd/research_reports_135 .htm,2008-10-10.
23 Mantz Yorke.Employability in higher education: what it is -what it is not[R], http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/York/documents/ourwork/tla/employability/id116 _employability_in_higher_education_336.pdf,2008-11-01.
24 Delia Grice and Roger Gladwin . Developing Employability Skills[R]. LTSN Physical Sciences Centre, ttp://www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/ps/documents/practiceguides/Ps0071_developing_employability_skills_aug_2004.pdf,2008-11-19.
25 Knight, P.T. and Yorke. Employability through the curricuIum[M]. Tertiary Education and Management 2002: 261-276.
26 Harvey, L,Moon, S,and Geall, V,with Bower, R. Graduates' work: organization change and students' attributes[M]. Birmingham: Centre for Research into Quality together with the Association of Graduate Recruiters, 1997.
27 National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education (Dearing Committee). Higher Education in the Learning Society :Report of the National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education. Stationery Office[R], London.
28 Sue Bloxham. Embedding skills and employability in higher education: an nstitutional curriculum framework approach[R].Higher Education Academy, http://www.palatine.ac.uk/files/emp/1211 .pdf, 2008-11-11.
29 Robbins, Lord .Report of the Committee under the Chairmanship of Lord Robbins[R]. 1963.
30 DfES .Work related Learning Report[M]. 2002.
31 De la Harpe, B., Radloff, A. & Wyber, J. Quality and generic skills.Quality in Higher Education[j]. 2000:6 (3) 231-243.
32 Dr Dawn Lees. Graduate Employability - Literature Review[M].http://www.palatine .ac.uk/files/emp/1233.pdf,2008-11-9.
33 Harry.J. Boundaryless Careers and Employability Obligation s[J].Business Ethics Quarefly.Vol. 13, 2003(2): 131-149.
34 Charner,1. (1988),Employability credentials: A key to Successful youth transition to work,Journal of Career Development,Vol. 15 (1):30-40.
35 Geoff Mason,Gareth Williams ,Sue Cranmer . Employability Skills Initiatives in higher Education[R] .National Institute of Economic and Social Research, London, 2006. http://www.niesr.ac.uk/pdf/061006_91251 .pdf,2008-12-11.
36 Morley. Producing New Workers: quality, equality and employability in higher education. Quality in Higher Education, 7 (2) 131-138.
37 NCIHE. Higher Education in the Learning ,Report of the National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education Society[M]. 1997-9.
38 Hillage, J. and Pollard, E. Employability. Developing a Framework for Policy Analysis [R].London, Department for Education and Employment, 1998.
39 Little, B. Reading between the lines of graduate employment[M]. Quality in Higher Education, 2001.
40 Knight, P. & Yorke, M. Employability through the curriculum[R]. Skills Plus Project. 2001.
41 Coopers and Lybrand, Skills development in Higher Education[R]. Report for CVCP/ DfEE/HEQE. London: Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals of the universities of the UK (CVCP).
42 Knight, P. & Yorke, M. Skills plus: Tuning the Undergraduate Curriculum[R]. Skills Plus Project Report,2000.
43 Atkins, M.J. Oven-ready and self-basting: taking stock of employability skills[M]. Teaching in Higher Education 1999:4 (2) 267-280.
44 Hillage, J. and Pollard, E., Employability: Developing a Framework for Policy Analysis[R] .London, Department for Education and Employment, 1998.
45 Mantz Yorke, Peter T Knight.Embedding employability into the urriculum[R].The higher education academy. http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/York/documents/ ourwork/tla/employability/id460_embedding_employability_into_the_curriculum_338. pdf, 2008-11-04.
46 Higher education academy.Pedagogy for employability[R].http://www.Quality researchinternational.com/ese/relatedpubs/Pedagogy%20for%20employability.pdf. 2008-11-06.
47 Little, B., Connor, H., Lebeau, Y., Pierce, D., Sinclair, E., Thomas, L., and Yarrow, K. Vocational higher education - does it meet employers' needs? London: Learning and Skills Development Agency.[R],2003.
48 Reich, R.B.The work of nations[M]. London: Simon and Schuster, 1991.
49 Bennett, N., Dunne, E.J. & Carre, C. Patterns of core and generic skill provision in higher education[J]. Higher Education, 1999: 71-93.
50 Geall, V., Harvey, L. & Moon. S. The UK - Institutional self-evaluation and quality. Enhancing self-evaluation and quality in South African Higher Education: National and International perspectives[M]. University of the Orange Free State,Bloemfontein, 1997.
51 Employability, business and industry[R]. http://www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/PolicyAnd Research/PolicyAreas/Pages/Employability-Business-Industry.aspx, 2008-11-09.
52 Hillage J, Pollard E. Employability: developing a framework for policy analysis-Issues for public policy[R]. Department for Education and Employment, 1998.
53 Moore M,H.Professional Identity in Institutions of Higher Learning in Israel[J]. H igher Education, 1988.17 (1) :69-79.
54 Christine Steven and Stephen Fallows. Enhancing Employability Skills Within Higher Education: Impact on Teaching, Learning and Assessment[R].University of Luton.http://www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/documents/000000700.htm,2008-11-01.
55 Peter T. Kight& MantzYorke. Employability and Good Learning in Higher Education Centre for Outcomes-based Education[M]. Liverpool John Moores University,2002.
56 Knight, P.T. Being a teacher in higher education[M]. Buckingham: SRHE and Open University Press,2002.
57 Stephenson, J. Work-based learning and universities in the UK: a review of current practice and trends[J]. Higher Education Research and Development, 1998 : 17(2),155-170.
58 Mantz Yorke, Peter T Knight .Employability:judging and communicating chievements [R] .http://www.enhancementthemes.ac.uk/documents/events/20040629/PeterKnightp aper.pdf,2008-12-12.
59 Banta, T. W., Lund, J. P., Black, K. E. and Oblander, F. A. Assessment in practice: putting principles to work on college campuses.[M] San Francisco: Jossey-Bass,1995.
60 Employability Newsletter February 2008[R] .The higher education acdemy. http:// www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/York/documents/aboutus/scotland/Emplyability_Februaiy_2008.pdf,2008-12-11.
61 Maguire M.Delivering Quality: Quality Assurance and Delivery of Careers Education [R], Information and Guidance for Learning and Work within Higher Education, DfES. 2005.
62 Seeda-Continuous Employment Support Service[R] .http://www.seeda.co.uk/about_seeda/board_members/boards_and_committees/SEEDA_Board_Minutes/2008/docs/ Dec2008/Item-9b-South-East-England-Development-Agency.pdf.2008-12-11.
63 EQUAL .Employability Access Project[EB/OL.]http://www.nthbp.org/index.cfin/area/ information/page/EQUAL,2008-11-01.
64 Teachers experience Education for Employability by taking on Construction Jobs [EB/OL]. http://www.rewardinglearning.org.uk/microsites_other/employability/,2008-11-11.
65 Coffield, F., A Tale of Three Little Pigs: Building the Learning Society With Straw, a National Strategy for Lifelong Learning[J], Department of Education, University of Newcastle. 1997.
66 Blasko et al., Access to what: Analysis of Factors Determining Graduate employability [M],London.2002.
67 Knight, P., Employability, Assessment and Skills: a Paper Prepared for the Fourth Colloquium[R].October,2001.
68 Federal Employment Institute, Employment Policy in Germany: Challenges and Concepts for the 1980s[R], Federal Employment Institate 1980.
69 Teichler, U.Graduate Employment and Work in Europe: Diverse Situations and Common Perceptions [J]. Tertiary Education and Management, 2002(8): 199-216.
[1]姚裕群.我国大学生就业难问题演变与近期发展趋势[J].人口学刊,2008(1):10-14.
[2]温家宝.政府工作报告[M].北京:人民出版社,2006.
[1]邬大光.中国高等教育大众化问题研究[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004:120.
[1]邬大光.中国高等教育大众化问题研究[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004:120.
[1]苏敏.英国高校提升大学生就业力的策略研究[D].东北师范大学硕士论文.2007.
[1]苏敏.英国高校提升大学生就业力的策略研究[D].东北师范大学硕士论文.2007.
[1]顾明远、教育大辞典(第3卷).上海教育出版社,1999.
[2]Number of university graduates rises[EB/OL].http://www.graduate-jobs.com/gj/news/51/Number_of_university graduates_rises,2008-10-30.
[1]AGCAS,Graduate destinations in the last ten years[R].http://www.prospects.ac.uk/cms/ShowPage/Home_page/Main_menu__Research/Labour_market_information/Graduate_Market_Trends_2006/Graduate_destinations_in_the _last_ten_years_Winter_06_07_/pdf,2008-10-30.
[1]AGCAS,Graduate destinations in the last ten years[R].http://www.prospects.ac.uk/cms/ShowPage/Home_page/Main_menu__Research/Labour_market_information/Graduate_Market_Trends_2006/Graduate_destinations_in_th e_last_ten_years_Winter_06_07_/pdf,2008-10-30.
[2]Peter Elias and Kate Purcell.Seven years on:Graduate Careers in a Changing Labour Market[R].http://www.hecsu .ac.uk/hecsu.rd/research_reports_135.htm,2008-10-30.
[1]Mantz Yorke.Employability in higher education:what it is-what it is not[R].http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/York/documents/ourwork/tla/employability/id116_employability_in_higher_education_336.pdf,2008-11-01.
[2]Knight,P.T.and Yorke.Employability through the curriculum[M].Tertiary Education and Management 2002:261-276.
[3]Harvey,L.Moon,S.and Geall,V.with Bower,R.Graduates' work:organization change and students' attributes[M].Birmingham:Centre for Research into Quality together with the Association of Graduate Recruiters,1997.
[1]段晓明.迈向“世界一流水平的技能”-简介英国的雷奇报告.世界教育信息,2007:08.
[2]Employability,business and industry.http://www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/PolicyAndResearch/PolicyAreas/,2008-11-01.
[1]Dr Dawn Lees.Graduate Employability - Literature Review[M].http://www.palatine.ac.uk/files/emp/1233.pdf,2008-11-09.
[2]Hillage J,Pollard E.Employability:developing a framework for policy analysis--Issues for public policy[R].Department for Education and Employment,1998.
[1]Hillage J,Pollard E.Employability:developing a framework for policy analysis[R].1998.
[1]Harry J.Boundaryless Careers and Employability Obligation s[J].,Business Ethics Quarefly,Vol.13,2003:2,131-149.
[2]Charner,1.(1988),Employability credentials:A key to Successful youth transition to work,Journal of Career Development,Vol.15:30-40.
[3]Mantz Yorke.Employability in higher education:what it is-what it is not[R].http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/York/documents/ourwork/tla/employability/id116_employability_in_higher_education_336.pdf [4
]NCIHE.Higher Education in the Learning,Report of the National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education Society[m].1997-9.
[1]Hillage,J.and Pollard,E.Reading between the lines of graduate employment[M].Quality in Higher Education,2001.
[2]Knight,P.& Yorke,M.Employability through the curriculum[R].Skills Plus Project.2001.
[3]Coopers and Lybrand,Skills development in Higher Education.Report for CVCP/DfEE/HEQE.London:Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals of the universities of the UK(CVCP).
[4]Knight,P.& Yorke,M.Skills plus:Tuning the Undergraduate Curriculum[R].Skills Plus Project Report,2000.
[5]Atkins,M.J.Oven-ready and self-basting:taking stock of employability skills[M].Teaching in Higher Education 1999:4(2) 267-280.
[6]Geoff Mason,Gareth Williams,Sue Cranmer.Employability Skills Initiatives in Higher Education[R].National Institute of Economic and Social Research,London,2006.http://www.niesr.ac.uk/pdf/061006_91251.pdf,2008-12-11.
[1]Hillage,J.and Pollard,E.,Employability:Developing a Framework for Policy Analysis[R].London,Department for Education and Employment,1998.
[2]Mantz Yorke,Peter T Knight.Embedding employability into the curriculum[R].The higher education academy.http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/York/documents/ourwork/tla/employability/id460_embedding_employability_into_the_curriculum_338.pdf,2008-11-04.
[1]Little,B.,Connor,H.,Lebeau,Y.,Pierce,D.,Sinclair,E.,Thomas,L.,and Yarrow,K.Vocational higher educationdoes it meet employers' needs? London:Learningand Skills Development Agency.[R],2003.
[2]Reich,R.B.The work of nations[J].London:Simon and Schuster,1991.
[1]National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education(Dearing Committee).Higher Education in the Learning Society:Report of the National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education.Stationery Office[R],London.
[2]Sue Bloxham.Embedding skills and employability in higher education:an institutional curriculum framework approach[R].Higher Education Academy,http://www.palatine.ac.uk/files/emp/1211.pdf,2008-11-11.
[3]Robbins,Lord.Report of the Committee under the Chairmanship of Lord Robbins[R].1963.
[4]DfES.Work related Learning Report[R].2002.
[5]De la Harpe,B.,Radloff,A.& Wyber,J.Quality and generic skills.Quality in Higher 1Education[J].2000:6(3):231-243.
[6]宋国学.英国高校可雇佣性开发的特点及启示现代教育科学[J].2007(6).
[1]Biggs,J.Teaching for quality learning at university(2nd edition).Buckingham:SRHE and Open University Press.2003.pdf,2008-11-11.
[1]Mantz Yorke,Peter T Knight Embedding employability into the curriculum[R],http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets /York/documents/ourwork/tla/employability/id460_embedding_employability_into_the_curriculum_338.pdf,2008-11-01.
[1]Knight,P.T.Being a teacher in higher education.Buckingham:SRHE and Open[M].University Press.2002.
[1]Higher education academy.Pedagogy for employability.http://www.qualityresearchinternational.com/ese/relatedpubs/Pedagogy%20for%20employability.pdf,2008-11-06.
[1]Christine Steven and Stephen Fallows.Enhancing Employability Skills Within Higher Education:Impact on eaching.Learning and Assessment[R].University of Luton.http://www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/documents/000000700.htm,2008-11-01.
[1]Christine Steven and Stephen Fallows.Enhancing Employability Skills Within Higher Education:Impact on Teaching,Learning and Assessment[R].University of Luton.http://www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/documents/000000700.htm,2008-11-01.
[2]Geoff Mason,Gareth Williams,Sue Cranmer.Employability Skills Initiatives in Higher Education[R].National Institute of Economic and Social Research,London,2006.http://www.niesr.ac.uk/pdf/061006_91251.pdf,2008-12-11.
[3]Peter T.Kight& MantzYorke.Employability and Good Learning in Higher Education Centre for Outcomes-based Education[M].Liverpool John Moores University.2002.
[1]毛梅兰.英国PDP的教学模式值得效法.疯狂英语·教师版,2006:11.
[1]Knight,P.T.Being a teacher in higher education[M].Buckingham:SRHE and Open University Press.2002.
[2]Stephenson,J.Work-based learning and universities in the UK:a review of current practice and trends[J].Higher Education Research and Development,1998:17(2),155-170.
[1]刘孟奇。调整教学方法以提升学生就业力:英国Skills Plus计划[M].高教简讯,2006.
[1]Mantz Yorke,Peter T Knight.Embedding employability into the curriculum[R].The higher education academy.http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/York/documents/ourwork/tla/employability/id460_embedding_Employability _into_the_curriculum_338.pdf,2008-11-01.
[1]Yorke,M.and Knight,P.some implications for teaching and learning in higher education[M].Studies in Higher Education,2004:8(1):25-37.
[1]Black and Wiliam Black,P.Assessment and classroom learning[M].Assessment in Education1998:5(1),7-74.
[1]Blackwell,A.,Bowes,L.,Harvey,L.,Hesketh,A.and Knight,P.T.Transforming work experience in higher education[R],British Educational Research Journal,2001:26(3),269-286.
[1]Knight,P.T.and Yorke,M.Assessment,learning and employability[J].Maidenhead:Society for Research in Higher Education and the Open University Press.2003.
[1]留英毕业生在英就业优惠政策[EB/OL].http://www.oxbridgedu.org/detail/england/13377.shtml,2008-10-10.
[2]Maguire M.Delivering Quality:Quality Assurance and Delivery of Careers Education[R],Information and Guidance for Learning and Work within Higher Education,DfES.2005.
[1]Employability Newsletter February 2008[R].The higher education acdemy,http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets /York/documents/aboutus/scotland/Emplyability_February_2008.pdf,2008-12-11.
[1]Seeda--Continuous Employment Support Service[R].http://www.seeda.co.uk/about_seeda/board_members/boards_and_committees/SEEDA_Board_Minutes/2008/docs/Dec2008/Item-9b-South-East-England-Development-A gency.pdf,2009-12-11.
[2]EQUAL Employability Access Project[EB/OL.]http://www.nthbp.org/index.cfm/area/information/page/EQUAL,2008-11-01.
[1]Teachers experience Education for Employability by taking on Construction Jobs[EB/OL].http://www.Rewarding learning.org.uk/microsites_other/employability/,2008-11-11.
[1]周红,夏义望.英国高校就业指导服务的发展启示[M].江苏高教,2004(5).
1 姚裕群.我国大学生就业难问题演变与近期发展趋势[J].人口学刊,2008(01):10-14.
2 温家宝.政府工作报告[M].北京:人民出版社,2006.
3 邬大光.中国高等教育大众化问题研究[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004.
4 苏敏.英国高校提升大学生就业力的策略研究[D].东北师范大学硕士论文.2007.
5 毛梅兰.英国PDP的教学模式值得效法.《疯狂英语·教师版》,2006:11.
6 刘孟奇.调整教学方法以提升学生就业力:英国Skills Plus计划[M].《高教简讯》,2006.
7 张利民.大学生创业:成功道路的选择.中国青年研究,2008,(6):36-46
8 陈呈频.论大学生就业形势和就业适应问题[J].华东经济管理,2003(3).
9 杨伟国.国外大学生就业政策:背景、措施与借鉴[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2004.
10 李平.我国高教改革下大学生“就业难”现象解析及思考[D].天津大学社会科学与外国语学院,2005.
11 王建新.国外学校职业指导概述.黑龙江高教研究,1996(5).
12 罗刚寿.选才用人-适用才是硬道理[J].中国人力资源开发,2004(4).
13 吕红平,李英.大学生如何提升就业能力[J].光明日报,2006-12-21(07).
14 王喜军.试论高校就业指导的现状与对策[J].郑州牧业工程高等专科学校学报,2002(11):289-290.
15 谢晋宇,宋国学.论离校学生的可雇佣性和可雇佣性技能[J].南开大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2005(2):85-92.
16 谢晋宇.人力资源开发概论[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
17 郑晓明.“就业能力”论[J].中国青年组织学院学报,2002,21(3).
18 Waterman,R.H.,Waterman,J.A.,Collard,B.A.."Toward a Career Resilient Workforce".Harvard Business Review,1994,7-8.
19 Clandinin D J.arrative and Story in Teacher Education,Teachers and Teaching:From Classroom to Reflection.[J].Sussex:Falmer Press, 1992.124-37.
20 Number of university graduates rises [EB/OL]. http://www.graduate-jobs.com/gj/ news/51/Number_of_university_graduates_rises,2008-10-30.
21 AGCAS ,Graduate destinations in the last ten years[R]. http://www.prospects.ac.uk/ cms/ShowPage/Home_page/Main_menu___Research/Labour market_information/Gr aduate_Market_Trends_2006/Graduate_destinations_in_the_last_ten_years__Winter_ 06_07_/pdf,2008-10-30.
22 Peter Elias and Kate Purcell .Seven years on: Graduate Careers in a Changing Labour Market[R]. http://www.hecsu.ac.uk/hecsu.rd/research_reports_135 .htm,2008-10-10.
23 Mantz Yorke.Employability in higher education: what it is -what it is not[R], http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/York/documents/ourwork/tla/employability/id116 _employability_in_higher_education_336.pdf,2008-11-01.
24 Delia Grice and Roger Gladwin . Developing Employability Skills[R]. LTSN Physical Sciences Centre, ttp://www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/ps/documents/practiceguides/Ps0071_developing_employability_skills_aug_2004.pdf,2008-11-19.
25 Knight, P.T. and Yorke. Employability through the curricuIum[M]. Tertiary Education and Management 2002: 261-276.
26 Harvey, L,Moon, S,and Geall, V,with Bower, R. Graduates' work: organization change and students' attributes[M]. Birmingham: Centre for Research into Quality together with the Association of Graduate Recruiters, 1997.
27 National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education (Dearing Committee). Higher Education in the Learning Society :Report of the National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education. Stationery Office[R], London.
28 Sue Bloxham. Embedding skills and employability in higher education: an nstitutional curriculum framework approach[R].Higher Education Academy, http://www.palatine.ac.uk/files/emp/1211 .pdf, 2008-11-11.
29 Robbins, Lord .Report of the Committee under the Chairmanship of Lord Robbins[R]. 1963.
30 DfES .Work related Learning Report[M]. 2002.
31 De la Harpe, B., Radloff, A. & Wyber, J. Quality and generic skills.Quality in Higher Education[j]. 2000:6 (3) 231-243.
32 Dr Dawn Lees. Graduate Employability - Literature Review[M].http://www.palatine .ac.uk/files/emp/1233.pdf,2008-11-9.
33 Harry.J. Boundaryless Careers and Employability Obligation s[J].Business Ethics Quarefly.Vol. 13, 2003(2): 131-149.
34 Charner,1. (1988),Employability credentials: A key to Successful youth transition to work,Journal of Career Development,Vol. 15 (1):30-40.
35 Geoff Mason,Gareth Williams ,Sue Cranmer . Employability Skills Initiatives in higher Education[R] .National Institute of Economic and Social Research, London, 2006. http://www.niesr.ac.uk/pdf/061006_91251 .pdf,2008-12-11.
36 Morley. Producing New Workers: quality, equality and employability in higher education. Quality in Higher Education, 7 (2) 131-138.
37 NCIHE. Higher Education in the Learning ,Report of the National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education Society[M]. 1997-9.
38 Hillage, J. and Pollard, E. Employability. Developing a Framework for Policy Analysis [R].London, Department for Education and Employment, 1998.
39 Little, B. Reading between the lines of graduate employment[M]. Quality in Higher Education, 2001.
40 Knight, P. & Yorke, M. Employability through the curriculum[R]. Skills Plus Project. 2001.
41 Coopers and Lybrand, Skills development in Higher Education[R]. Report for CVCP/ DfEE/HEQE. London: Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals of the universities of the UK (CVCP).
42 Knight, P. & Yorke, M. Skills plus: Tuning the Undergraduate Curriculum[R]. Skills Plus Project Report,2000.
43 Atkins, M.J. Oven-ready and self-basting: taking stock of employability skills[M]. Teaching in Higher Education 1999:4 (2) 267-280.
44 Hillage, J. and Pollard, E., Employability: Developing a Framework for Policy Analysis[R] .London, Department for Education and Employment, 1998.
45 Mantz Yorke, Peter T Knight.Embedding employability into the urriculum[R].The higher education academy. http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/York/documents/ ourwork/tla/employability/id460_embedding_employability_into_the_curriculum_338. pdf, 2008-11-04.
46 Higher education academy.Pedagogy for employability[R].http://www.Quality researchinternational.com/ese/relatedpubs/Pedagogy%20for%20employability.pdf. 2008-11-06.
47 Little, B., Connor, H., Lebeau, Y., Pierce, D., Sinclair, E., Thomas, L., and Yarrow, K. Vocational higher education - does it meet employers' needs? London: Learning and Skills Development Agency.[R],2003.
48 Reich, R.B.The work of nations[M]. London: Simon and Schuster, 1991.
49 Bennett, N., Dunne, E.J. & Carre, C. Patterns of core and generic skill provision in higher education[J]. Higher Education, 1999: 71-93.
50 Geall, V., Harvey, L. & Moon. S. The UK - Institutional self-evaluation and quality. Enhancing self-evaluation and quality in South African Higher Education: National and International perspectives[M]. University of the Orange Free State,Bloemfontein, 1997.
51 Employability, business and industry[R]. http://www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/PolicyAnd Research/PolicyAreas/Pages/Employability-Business-Industry.aspx, 2008-11-09.
52 Hillage J, Pollard E. Employability: developing a framework for policy analysis-Issues for public policy[R]. Department for Education and Employment, 1998.
53 Moore M,H.Professional Identity in Institutions of Higher Learning in Israel[J]. H igher Education, 1988.17 (1) :69-79.
54 Christine Steven and Stephen Fallows. Enhancing Employability Skills Within Higher Education: Impact on Teaching, Learning and Assessment[R].University of Luton.http://www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/documents/000000700.htm,2008-11-01.
55 Peter T. Kight& MantzYorke. Employability and Good Learning in Higher Education Centre for Outcomes-based Education[M]. Liverpool John Moores University,2002.
56 Knight, P.T. Being a teacher in higher education[M]. Buckingham: SRHE and Open University Press,2002.
57 Stephenson, J. Work-based learning and universities in the UK: a review of current practice and trends[J]. Higher Education Research and Development, 1998 : 17(2),155-170.
58 Mantz Yorke, Peter T Knight .Employability:judging and communicating chievements [R] .http://www.enhancementthemes.ac.uk/documents/events/20040629/PeterKnightp aper.pdf,2008-12-12.
59 Banta, T. W., Lund, J. P., Black, K. E. and Oblander, F. A. Assessment in practice: putting principles to work on college campuses.[M] San Francisco: Jossey-Bass,1995.
60 Employability Newsletter February 2008[R] .The higher education acdemy. http:// www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/York/documents/aboutus/scotland/Emplyability_Februaiy_2008.pdf,2008-12-11.
61 Maguire M.Delivering Quality: Quality Assurance and Delivery of Careers Education [R], Information and Guidance for Learning and Work within Higher Education, DfES. 2005.
62 Seeda-Continuous Employment Support Service[R] .http://www.seeda.co.uk/about_seeda/board_members/boards_and_committees/SEEDA_Board_Minutes/2008/docs/ Dec2008/Item-9b-South-East-England-Development-Agency.pdf.2008-12-11.
63 EQUAL .Employability Access Project[EB/OL.]http://www.nthbp.org/index.cfin/area/ information/page/EQUAL,2008-11-01.
64 Teachers experience Education for Employability by taking on Construction Jobs [EB/OL]. http://www.rewardinglearning.org.uk/microsites_other/employability/,2008-11-11.
65 Coffield, F., A Tale of Three Little Pigs: Building the Learning Society With Straw, a National Strategy for Lifelong Learning[J], Department of Education, University of Newcastle. 1997.
66 Blasko et al., Access to what: Analysis of Factors Determining Graduate employability [M],London.2002.
67 Knight, P., Employability, Assessment and Skills: a Paper Prepared for the Fourth Colloquium[R].October,2001.
68 Federal Employment Institute, Employment Policy in Germany: Challenges and Concepts for the 1980s[R], Federal Employment Institate 1980.
69 Teichler, U.Graduate Employment and Work in Europe: Diverse Situations and Common Perceptions [J]. Tertiary Education and Management, 2002(8): 199-216.