基于CCD的智能轮胎检测装置的研究
摘要
近年来随着车用电子技术的飞速发展,智能轮胎技术受到了极大关注,是当今研究的一个重要方向。其对提高汽车效率、节约能源、保证行驶稳定、提高乘坐舒适性以及保证行车安全起到了显著作用。本文分析研究了国外的成果,设计了一种新型的智能轮胎系统,它可以直接“感知”轮胎和地面相互作用,从而检测到轮胎产生的变形量。
本文具体开展了以下几个方面的工作:
一、分析了轮胎和地面接触的变形规律,包括轮胎本身的结构,分析了轮胎的弹性,包括径向(垂直方向)弹性,侧向(横向)弹性和切向(圆周方向)弹性的特点。
二、对图像传感器的选取做出了分析研究。选择了CCD为系统得传感器,分析了传感器的精度,并开发了针对镜头畸变的补偿算法。
三、对视频信号的结构和处理理论进行了研究,提出了能够检测轮胎弹性变形量的方法。
四、提出了基于FPGA的视频信号处理方法。开发了图像中亮点位置提取方法,轮胎转速检测方法,视频信号二值化的方法。
五、利用labview设计了相关的数据处理,误差补偿、轮胎变性量提取程序。
In recent years, with rapid development of automotive electronic technology, intelligent tire technology has been great concerned, it become an important direction of study. Their contribution increasing vehicle efficiency, energy conservation, will ensure stability and enhance comfort and traffic safety significantly. In this paper, by research of the foreign results, we design a new intelligent tire system that can direct "perception" the interaction between tire and ground. So deformation of tire can be detected.
In this paper, the following several aspects of the work have been completed:
1、Analysis of the tire and ground contacts deformation. Including the structure of thetire itself, the flexibility of the tire, including the radial (vertical) flexible, lateral(horizontal) flexible and the tangential (the direction of the circle) flexible features.
2、Analysis of the image sensor and chose CCD sensor for the system, analysis of thesensor accuracy, and developing a method to compensation lens distortion.
3、Analysis of the structure of the video signal and its processing theory, developing amethod can measure tire elastic deformation.
4、Developing video signal processing methods base on FPGA, including bright spotcoordinate extraction program, tire speed measurement program base on frequencydetect. Video signal contour extraction
5、Using Labview to design of the data processing program, error compensationprogram, tires deformation extraction procedures program.
本文具体开展了以下几个方面的工作:
一、分析了轮胎和地面接触的变形规律,包括轮胎本身的结构,分析了轮胎的弹性,包括径向(垂直方向)弹性,侧向(横向)弹性和切向(圆周方向)弹性的特点。
二、对图像传感器的选取做出了分析研究。选择了CCD为系统得传感器,分析了传感器的精度,并开发了针对镜头畸变的补偿算法。
三、对视频信号的结构和处理理论进行了研究,提出了能够检测轮胎弹性变形量的方法。
四、提出了基于FPGA的视频信号处理方法。开发了图像中亮点位置提取方法,轮胎转速检测方法,视频信号二值化的方法。
五、利用labview设计了相关的数据处理,误差补偿、轮胎变性量提取程序。
In recent years, with rapid development of automotive electronic technology, intelligent tire technology has been great concerned, it become an important direction of study. Their contribution increasing vehicle efficiency, energy conservation, will ensure stability and enhance comfort and traffic safety significantly. In this paper, by research of the foreign results, we design a new intelligent tire system that can direct "perception" the interaction between tire and ground. So deformation of tire can be detected.
In this paper, the following several aspects of the work have been completed:
1、Analysis of the tire and ground contacts deformation. Including the structure of thetire itself, the flexibility of the tire, including the radial (vertical) flexible, lateral(horizontal) flexible and the tangential (the direction of the circle) flexible features.
2、Analysis of the image sensor and chose CCD sensor for the system, analysis of thesensor accuracy, and developing a method to compensation lens distortion.
3、Analysis of the structure of the video signal and its processing theory, developing amethod can measure tire elastic deformation.
4、Developing video signal processing methods base on FPGA, including bright spotcoordinate extraction program, tire speed measurement program base on frequencydetect. Video signal contour extraction
5、Using Labview to design of the data processing program, error compensationprogram, tires deformation extraction procedures program.
引文
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[2]王飞跃.王知学.单国玲等.智能轮胎的研究及其相关核心技术[J].轮胎工业.2002,12(22).713-719
[3]邓海燕.大陆开发智能轮胎新产品[J].弹性体.2001(5)
[4]王飞跃,王知学.智能轮胎的研究进展和应用前景[J].轮胎工业 2003 23
[5]莫德林.智能轮胎胎侧扭力传感器[J].现代橡胶技术.2003,29(2):55-56
[6]李心阳.国外新型智能轮胎[J].中国橡胶.2002:18(11):26-27
[7]Development of an intelligent tire -experiences from the APOLLO project,Intelligent Tire Technology Conference November 29th-30th,2005 Frankfurt am Main,Germany
[8]李汉堂.轮胎技术的发展趋势(上)[J].橡塑技术与装备 2006:32(11)13-21
[9]李汉堂.轮胎技术的发展趋势(下)[J].橡塑技术与装备 2006:32(12)14-18
[10]王文光,王娜.新型汽车安全系统简介(一)[J].汽车维护与修理 2004:4 43-45
[11]乔峰,许建新.视觉测量中一种矫正镜头畸变误差的方法[J]。福州:机电技术 1997
[12]韩定安,曾亚光等.基于LabVIEW和USB摄像头的莫尔条纹测量微小位移[J].仪器仪表用户.2007,14(3):89-90
[13]梁凤超,续志军等.基于PSD的微位移传感器[J].传感器与微系统2007,26(3):59-61
[14]苗玲玉,宋健飞等.基于CCD传感器的缓冲器自由高度自动检测仪[J].铁道机车车辆.2007,27(1):21-24
[15]王焕钦,赵天鹏等.一种改善双镜头大视角二维三角法测距精度的方法[J].量子电子学报,2007:24(5)
[16]葛亚明,刘涛等.视频同步分离芯片LM1881及其应用[J].应用科技.2004,(9):20-22
[17]广州周立功单片机发展有限公司.I~2C总线规范[Z].2005
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[19]先进的便携电源管理方案[J].电子产品世界.2008:8 86-87
[20]颜重光.新型实用传感器应用指南[M].北京:电子工业出版社.1998.
[21]Lászlo Palkovics,Ansgar Fries.Intelligent Electronic Systems in Commercial Vehicles for Enhanced Traffic Safety[J].Vehicle System Dynamics.21 September 2007
[22]APOLLO,Intelligent Tyre forAccident-free Traffic[z].22.05.2003
[23]施隆照,黄梅珍,杨小玲等.二维位置敏感探测器及信号处理器[J].传感器技术,2002,21(8):20-23.
[24]庄继德.现代汽车轮胎技术[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2001.
[25]杨林楠,李红刚,张丽莲等.基于FPGA的高速多路数据采集系统的设计[J].计算机工程,2007(7):246-248.
[26]徐志军,徐光辉.CPLD/FPfiA的开发与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
[27]黄正谨,徐坚,章小丽等.CPLD系统设计技术入门与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002
[28]Altera international limited,cyclone device handbook volume[Z].2005
[29]Philips,data sheet FI1256 MK2 Desktop Video tuner System CCIR D/K[Z],Jul 26,1996
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[31]Elantec,Inc.DATA SHEET EL4089C DC Restored Video Amplifier[Z],1993
[32]National Semiconductor Corporation.DATA SHEET LM1881,LM1881-X Video Sync Separator[Z].2003
[33]MOTOROLA.DATA SHEET MC44BS373CA audio and video modulator[Z].2004
[34]李伟辉.电视机原理(上册)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1998
[35]李伟辉.电视机原理(下册)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001
[36]唐薇娟,曹序芳.电视原理与电视接收技术[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1995.
[37]王庆有,孙学珠.CCD应用技术[M]天津大学出版社,1993
[38]黄智伟.无线发射和接收电路设计[M].北京:北京航天航空大学出版社,2004
[39]顾海州,马双武.PCB电磁兼容技术-设计实践[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[40]沙占友.数字化测量技术与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[41]LabVIEW User Manual.USA:National Instruments Corporation[Z].2005.
[42]杨乐平,等.LabVIEW程序设计与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2001.
[43]刘君华,等.虚拟仪器图形化编程语言LabVIEW教程[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2001.
[2]王飞跃.王知学.单国玲等.智能轮胎的研究及其相关核心技术[J].轮胎工业.2002,12(22).713-719
[3]邓海燕.大陆开发智能轮胎新产品[J].弹性体.2001(5)
[4]王飞跃,王知学.智能轮胎的研究进展和应用前景[J].轮胎工业 2003 23
[5]莫德林.智能轮胎胎侧扭力传感器[J].现代橡胶技术.2003,29(2):55-56
[6]李心阳.国外新型智能轮胎[J].中国橡胶.2002:18(11):26-27
[7]Development of an intelligent tire -experiences from the APOLLO project,Intelligent Tire Technology Conference November 29th-30th,2005 Frankfurt am Main,Germany
[8]李汉堂.轮胎技术的发展趋势(上)[J].橡塑技术与装备 2006:32(11)13-21
[9]李汉堂.轮胎技术的发展趋势(下)[J].橡塑技术与装备 2006:32(12)14-18
[10]王文光,王娜.新型汽车安全系统简介(一)[J].汽车维护与修理 2004:4 43-45
[11]乔峰,许建新.视觉测量中一种矫正镜头畸变误差的方法[J]。福州:机电技术 1997
[12]韩定安,曾亚光等.基于LabVIEW和USB摄像头的莫尔条纹测量微小位移[J].仪器仪表用户.2007,14(3):89-90
[13]梁凤超,续志军等.基于PSD的微位移传感器[J].传感器与微系统2007,26(3):59-61
[14]苗玲玉,宋健飞等.基于CCD传感器的缓冲器自由高度自动检测仪[J].铁道机车车辆.2007,27(1):21-24
[15]王焕钦,赵天鹏等.一种改善双镜头大视角二维三角法测距精度的方法[J].量子电子学报,2007:24(5)
[16]葛亚明,刘涛等.视频同步分离芯片LM1881及其应用[J].应用科技.2004,(9):20-22
[17]广州周立功单片机发展有限公司.I~2C总线规范[Z].2005
[18]赵君,田力民.RC滤波参数对PWM方式D/A转换精度的影响[J].东北电力学院学报.1998:18(1)99-102
[19]先进的便携电源管理方案[J].电子产品世界.2008:8 86-87
[20]颜重光.新型实用传感器应用指南[M].北京:电子工业出版社.1998.
[21]Lászlo Palkovics,Ansgar Fries.Intelligent Electronic Systems in Commercial Vehicles for Enhanced Traffic Safety[J].Vehicle System Dynamics.21 September 2007
[22]APOLLO,Intelligent Tyre forAccident-free Traffic[z].22.05.2003
[23]施隆照,黄梅珍,杨小玲等.二维位置敏感探测器及信号处理器[J].传感器技术,2002,21(8):20-23.
[24]庄继德.现代汽车轮胎技术[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2001.
[25]杨林楠,李红刚,张丽莲等.基于FPGA的高速多路数据采集系统的设计[J].计算机工程,2007(7):246-248.
[26]徐志军,徐光辉.CPLD/FPfiA的开发与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
[27]黄正谨,徐坚,章小丽等.CPLD系统设计技术入门与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002
[28]Altera international limited,cyclone device handbook volume[Z].2005
[29]Philips,data sheet FI1256 MK2 Desktop Video tuner System CCIR D/K[Z],Jul 26,1996
[30]Samsung electro-mechanics CO.LTD,specifications TCPM9092PC27A [Z],MAY7,1998
[31]Elantec,Inc.DATA SHEET EL4089C DC Restored Video Amplifier[Z],1993
[32]National Semiconductor Corporation.DATA SHEET LM1881,LM1881-X Video Sync Separator[Z].2003
[33]MOTOROLA.DATA SHEET MC44BS373CA audio and video modulator[Z].2004
[34]李伟辉.电视机原理(上册)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1998
[35]李伟辉.电视机原理(下册)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001
[36]唐薇娟,曹序芳.电视原理与电视接收技术[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1995.
[37]王庆有,孙学珠.CCD应用技术[M]天津大学出版社,1993
[38]黄智伟.无线发射和接收电路设计[M].北京:北京航天航空大学出版社,2004
[39]顾海州,马双武.PCB电磁兼容技术-设计实践[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[40]沙占友.数字化测量技术与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[41]LabVIEW User Manual.USA:National Instruments Corporation[Z].2005.
[42]杨乐平,等.LabVIEW程序设计与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2001.
[43]刘君华,等.虚拟仪器图形化编程语言LabVIEW教程[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2001.