基于RS的矿山开发监测与土地利用变化研究
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摘要
矿产资源是经济发展中必不可缺的重要物资,其开发利用是影响区域经济发展的一个重要因素,但矿产资源的开发不可避免的会引发很多环境问题,例如:地面沉降、矿山废弃物处理、水体污染、大气污染等。遥感技术具有多比例尺、多时相、多源数据、实时和快速等优点,能够高效准确地监测出矿山开发现状,为矿区的开发秩序整治和环境治理提供依据,实现土地资源的可持续利用。
本文采用遥感技术,结合GIS手段,监测研究区矿山开采状况与土地利用的动态变化,调查因矿产资源开发引起的各种环境问题,为今后矿区矿山开发监测与土地利用变化研究进一步应用遥感技术、开展快速有效的监测评价提供思路。
1、选用一期2008年的SPOT-5数据,对宁武调查区进行矿山开发遥感监测,先建立解译标志,运用人机交互解译方法对图像进行信息提取,并通过野外实地调查对提取结果进行了验证,主要从矿产资源开发状况、规划执行情况以及矿山开发占地情况三方面进行研究。矿产资源开发状况研究是对金属矿山和非金属矿山的开发秩序进行调查监测。
2、选用两期2007年和2008的IKONOS数据,重点对薛家洼-余庄调查区内由矿产开发引起的地质灾害问题、环境污染问题与生态恢复治理情况进行调查与研究。在矿产资源开采中,采矿、选矿和冶矿都易发生矿山环境问题,其中在选矿和冶矿过程中容易引起资源破坏和环境污染问题,采矿过程则易产生地质灾害问题。而薛家洼-余庄调查区地质灾害问题主要表现为塌陷坑,环境污染问题主要表现为大气污染、粉尘污染和水资源污染。
3、选用1993年TM、2000年ETM+、2007年TM和2008年IKONOS四期数据,将轩岗调查区土地利用类别划分为7种类型:耕地、林地、草地、工矿用地、住宅用地、未利用地、和交通用地,并对不同时段矿区土地利用变化进行监测,统计各种土地利用类型面积变化,对比分析调查区15年间的土地利用动态变化情况,最后从自然和人为机制两方面作驱动力分析。
Mineral resources make significant contribution to economic development. However, its environmental impact has been a challenge, including coal mine accidents, land subsidence, damage to the water environment, mining waste disposal and air pollution. These are either environmental pollution or landscape change. Satellite remote sensing has the advantage of different spatial and temporal scales, and could provides key information for exploitation situation of mineral resources and monitoring land use change with high efficiency and accuracy.
This paper is aimed to:(1) to assess the rate of abrupt and transitional land cover changes results from minning exploration based on remote sensing;(2) to analyze possible factors influencing land use/cover chance;(3) to evaluate the use of remote sensing techniques for exploitation Monitoring in mine field and as a result to contribute to mining disciplines and environmental policy.
1、SPOT-5 data in 2008 is selected for investigation: First, interpreting marks are established; then,the method of interactive interpretation is used to extract land use over information; at last, The results have been taken field for correction, mainly including the exploitation of mineral resources, the implementation of mining area plan and the land utilization.
2、IKONOS data in 2007 and 2008 is selected to investigate the geological disasters,environmental pollution and ecological restoration in the Xuejiawa-Yuzhuang mining areas. In the exploitation of mineral resources, mining, selecting process and smelting ore would cause the mine environment issues. In selecting process and smelting ore environmental pollution is easier to be caused, while in the mining process geological disasters are induced easily. Land subsidence as a kind of geological disasters is import adverse impact in Xuejiawa-Yuzhuang , and there are still other environmental issues, such as air pollution ,dust pollution, water pollution in this area.
3、Data comprises of two scenes TM (1993 and 2007), one scene ETM+ (2000) from ETM+ and one scene IKONOS(2008) .The land cover in Xuangang is classified into 7 types according to the resolution of image and field survey, they are arable land, forest land, grassland, construction land, residential land, unused land, communication and transposition land, the evolution of the land utilization in different periods is monitored, the variations in the land area for different usage is surveyed, and the dynamical variations in the usage of land in the investigated area during the past 15 years is compared and analyzed, finally, the motivation analysis is done based on both natural and artificial mechanisms. Furthermore , we analyze the drive force by nature and human activities according the land use change during 15 years in study area.
本文采用遥感技术,结合GIS手段,监测研究区矿山开采状况与土地利用的动态变化,调查因矿产资源开发引起的各种环境问题,为今后矿区矿山开发监测与土地利用变化研究进一步应用遥感技术、开展快速有效的监测评价提供思路。
1、选用一期2008年的SPOT-5数据,对宁武调查区进行矿山开发遥感监测,先建立解译标志,运用人机交互解译方法对图像进行信息提取,并通过野外实地调查对提取结果进行了验证,主要从矿产资源开发状况、规划执行情况以及矿山开发占地情况三方面进行研究。矿产资源开发状况研究是对金属矿山和非金属矿山的开发秩序进行调查监测。
2、选用两期2007年和2008的IKONOS数据,重点对薛家洼-余庄调查区内由矿产开发引起的地质灾害问题、环境污染问题与生态恢复治理情况进行调查与研究。在矿产资源开采中,采矿、选矿和冶矿都易发生矿山环境问题,其中在选矿和冶矿过程中容易引起资源破坏和环境污染问题,采矿过程则易产生地质灾害问题。而薛家洼-余庄调查区地质灾害问题主要表现为塌陷坑,环境污染问题主要表现为大气污染、粉尘污染和水资源污染。
3、选用1993年TM、2000年ETM+、2007年TM和2008年IKONOS四期数据,将轩岗调查区土地利用类别划分为7种类型:耕地、林地、草地、工矿用地、住宅用地、未利用地、和交通用地,并对不同时段矿区土地利用变化进行监测,统计各种土地利用类型面积变化,对比分析调查区15年间的土地利用动态变化情况,最后从自然和人为机制两方面作驱动力分析。
Mineral resources make significant contribution to economic development. However, its environmental impact has been a challenge, including coal mine accidents, land subsidence, damage to the water environment, mining waste disposal and air pollution. These are either environmental pollution or landscape change. Satellite remote sensing has the advantage of different spatial and temporal scales, and could provides key information for exploitation situation of mineral resources and monitoring land use change with high efficiency and accuracy.
This paper is aimed to:(1) to assess the rate of abrupt and transitional land cover changes results from minning exploration based on remote sensing;(2) to analyze possible factors influencing land use/cover chance;(3) to evaluate the use of remote sensing techniques for exploitation Monitoring in mine field and as a result to contribute to mining disciplines and environmental policy.
1、SPOT-5 data in 2008 is selected for investigation: First, interpreting marks are established; then,the method of interactive interpretation is used to extract land use over information; at last, The results have been taken field for correction, mainly including the exploitation of mineral resources, the implementation of mining area plan and the land utilization.
2、IKONOS data in 2007 and 2008 is selected to investigate the geological disasters,environmental pollution and ecological restoration in the Xuejiawa-Yuzhuang mining areas. In the exploitation of mineral resources, mining, selecting process and smelting ore would cause the mine environment issues. In selecting process and smelting ore environmental pollution is easier to be caused, while in the mining process geological disasters are induced easily. Land subsidence as a kind of geological disasters is import adverse impact in Xuejiawa-Yuzhuang , and there are still other environmental issues, such as air pollution ,dust pollution, water pollution in this area.
3、Data comprises of two scenes TM (1993 and 2007), one scene ETM+ (2000) from ETM+ and one scene IKONOS(2008) .The land cover in Xuangang is classified into 7 types according to the resolution of image and field survey, they are arable land, forest land, grassland, construction land, residential land, unused land, communication and transposition land, the evolution of the land utilization in different periods is monitored, the variations in the land area for different usage is surveyed, and the dynamical variations in the usage of land in the investigated area during the past 15 years is compared and analyzed, finally, the motivation analysis is done based on both natural and artificial mechanisms. Furthermore , we analyze the drive force by nature and human activities according the land use change during 15 years in study area.
引文
C A Muecher, K T Steinocher, K T Kressler et al.Land cover characterization and changed detection for environmental monitoring of pan-Europe[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2000 ,21 :1159-1181.
Christian Fischer, Wolfgang Busch, Monitoring of Environmental changes caused by hard coalmining, Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring, GIS Applications, and Geology, Proceeding of SPIE, vol.4545,2002
Cloutis E.A..Hyperspectral geological remote sensing:evaluation of analytical techniques,Remote Sensing,1996,17(12):2215-224.
Jenssen L.L. F and H. Middelkoop.Knowledge-base crop classification of Landsat Thermatic Mapper image[J]. International Journal Of Remote Sensing, 1992, 13 (15): 2827-2837.
P.C.Smits and A.Annoni. Updating land-cover maps by using texture information from very high-resolution space-borne imagery[J].IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1999,37(3):1227-1233.
Singh. A Digital change detection techniques using remotely-sensed data[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1989,10(6):989-1003.
VenkataramanG.,KumarS.P.,RathaD.S.,InamdarA.B.,NagarajanR,Open cast mine monitoring and environmental impact studie through remote sensing-a case study from Goa,India,Geocarto-International,vol.12,no.2:39-53,1997.
卞正富,张燕平.徐州煤矿区土地利用格局演变分析[J].地理学报,2006,61(4):60-69
陈怀亮,徐祥德,刘玉洁.土地利用与土地覆盖变化的遥感监测及环境影响研究综述.气象科技, 2005,33 (4):289-294.
冯德俊.动态监测变化信息提取.地理学报, 2004, (1): 17-20.
郭达志.矿区生态环境监测与整治四川测绘[R].1999,(22):154-159.
郭旭东.土地利用/土地覆被变化对区域生态环境的影响[J].环境科学进展.1999,7(6):66-75.
雷利卿,岳燕珍,孙九林,等.遥感技术在矿区环境污染监测中的应用研究[J].环境保护,2002,2:33-36.
李庆亭,张连蓬,杨锋杰.高光谱遥感图像最大似然分类问题及解决方法.山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,24(3):61-64
李艳丽,赵纯勇,穆新伟.基于GIS与RS技术的城市土地利用/覆盖变化分析[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(3):2-74.
刘美玲.基于GIS和RS的矿产资源开发生态环境效应监测与评价[D].北京:中国地质大学,2006.
鹿心社.全国省级矿产资源规划图集[M].北京:地质出版社,2007.
梅安新.遥感导论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001,1-3.
盛业华,郭达志,张书毕,等.工矿区环境动态监测与分析研究[M].北京:地质出版社,2001.
史培军,江源等.土地利用/覆盖变化与生态安全响应机制[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
宋立鑫.沁水地区矿产资源开发状况遥感监测方法研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2008,01-02.
孙蓉桦,郭德方.SPOT-5全色与多光谱数据融合方法的比较研究[J].遥感技术与应用,2005,20(3):366-370.
佟彪,吴文波,林玉祥.利用遥感影像自动提取变化信息的方法研究.地理科学进展,2007, (1):46-49
王静爱,许下,刘培芳.中国农牧交错带土地利用与人口负荷研究[J].资源科学,1999,21(5):19-24.
王俊芳.攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿—宝鼎煤矿区矿山环境遥感监测研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2008,49-52.
王晓红,李成尊,汪劲,等.地质调查项目成果报告[R].基[2007]012-01,北京:中国国土资源航空物探遥感中心,2007,04-05.
王晓红,聂洪峰,李成尊等.不同遥感数据源在矿山开发状况及环境调查中的应用.国土资源遥感,2006,68(2):69-71.
吴德礼,朱申红,王铮.国内外矿山尾矿综合利用现状与思考[J].青岛建筑工程学院学报.2001(4):84-88.
杨朝俊,胡庭兴,梁玉喜.四川森林植被遥感识别最佳时相的选择[J].四川林业科技,2005,26(5):68-71.
杨武年,淮国梁等.长江三峡库区地质灾害遥感图像信息处理及其监测和评估[J].地质学报,2005 79(3):423-432.
张冰,林岚岚.浅谈遥感图像增强的处理.防护林科技,2006, (2):68-70.
张殿发,卞建民.中国北方农牧交错区土地荒漠化的环境脆弱性机制分析[J].干旱区地理,2001,23(2):133-137.
张兰生,方修倚,任国玉.我国北方农牧交错带的环境演变[J].地学前缘,1997,4(1-2):127-135.
赵逸超,葛文珍.关于整治轩岗煤矿对生态环境污染治理的建议.复旦大学,2009.
赵英时.遥感应用分析原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
Christian Fischer, Wolfgang Busch, Monitoring of Environmental changes caused by hard coalmining, Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring, GIS Applications, and Geology, Proceeding of SPIE, vol.4545,2002
Cloutis E.A..Hyperspectral geological remote sensing:evaluation of analytical techniques,Remote Sensing,1996,17(12):2215-224.
Jenssen L.L. F and H. Middelkoop.Knowledge-base crop classification of Landsat Thermatic Mapper image[J]. International Journal Of Remote Sensing, 1992, 13 (15): 2827-2837.
P.C.Smits and A.Annoni. Updating land-cover maps by using texture information from very high-resolution space-borne imagery[J].IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1999,37(3):1227-1233.
Singh. A Digital change detection techniques using remotely-sensed data[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1989,10(6):989-1003.
VenkataramanG.,KumarS.P.,RathaD.S.,InamdarA.B.,NagarajanR,Open cast mine monitoring and environmental impact studie through remote sensing-a case study from Goa,India,Geocarto-International,vol.12,no.2:39-53,1997.
卞正富,张燕平.徐州煤矿区土地利用格局演变分析[J].地理学报,2006,61(4):60-69
陈怀亮,徐祥德,刘玉洁.土地利用与土地覆盖变化的遥感监测及环境影响研究综述.气象科技, 2005,33 (4):289-294.
冯德俊.动态监测变化信息提取.地理学报, 2004, (1): 17-20.
郭达志.矿区生态环境监测与整治四川测绘[R].1999,(22):154-159.
郭旭东.土地利用/土地覆被变化对区域生态环境的影响[J].环境科学进展.1999,7(6):66-75.
雷利卿,岳燕珍,孙九林,等.遥感技术在矿区环境污染监测中的应用研究[J].环境保护,2002,2:33-36.
李庆亭,张连蓬,杨锋杰.高光谱遥感图像最大似然分类问题及解决方法.山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,24(3):61-64
李艳丽,赵纯勇,穆新伟.基于GIS与RS技术的城市土地利用/覆盖变化分析[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(3):2-74.
刘美玲.基于GIS和RS的矿产资源开发生态环境效应监测与评价[D].北京:中国地质大学,2006.
鹿心社.全国省级矿产资源规划图集[M].北京:地质出版社,2007.
梅安新.遥感导论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001,1-3.
盛业华,郭达志,张书毕,等.工矿区环境动态监测与分析研究[M].北京:地质出版社,2001.
史培军,江源等.土地利用/覆盖变化与生态安全响应机制[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
宋立鑫.沁水地区矿产资源开发状况遥感监测方法研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2008,01-02.
孙蓉桦,郭德方.SPOT-5全色与多光谱数据融合方法的比较研究[J].遥感技术与应用,2005,20(3):366-370.
佟彪,吴文波,林玉祥.利用遥感影像自动提取变化信息的方法研究.地理科学进展,2007, (1):46-49
王静爱,许下,刘培芳.中国农牧交错带土地利用与人口负荷研究[J].资源科学,1999,21(5):19-24.
王俊芳.攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿—宝鼎煤矿区矿山环境遥感监测研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2008,49-52.
王晓红,李成尊,汪劲,等.地质调查项目成果报告[R].基[2007]012-01,北京:中国国土资源航空物探遥感中心,2007,04-05.
王晓红,聂洪峰,李成尊等.不同遥感数据源在矿山开发状况及环境调查中的应用.国土资源遥感,2006,68(2):69-71.
吴德礼,朱申红,王铮.国内外矿山尾矿综合利用现状与思考[J].青岛建筑工程学院学报.2001(4):84-88.
杨朝俊,胡庭兴,梁玉喜.四川森林植被遥感识别最佳时相的选择[J].四川林业科技,2005,26(5):68-71.
杨武年,淮国梁等.长江三峡库区地质灾害遥感图像信息处理及其监测和评估[J].地质学报,2005 79(3):423-432.
张冰,林岚岚.浅谈遥感图像增强的处理.防护林科技,2006, (2):68-70.
张殿发,卞建民.中国北方农牧交错区土地荒漠化的环境脆弱性机制分析[J].干旱区地理,2001,23(2):133-137.
张兰生,方修倚,任国玉.我国北方农牧交错带的环境演变[J].地学前缘,1997,4(1-2):127-135.
赵逸超,葛文珍.关于整治轩岗煤矿对生态环境污染治理的建议.复旦大学,2009.
赵英时.遥感应用分析原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.