基于动态语义的Web服务描述
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摘要
语义Web服务是将语义Web技术和Web服务技术结合起来,引入本体来增强对Web服务的语义描述,使得Web服务的描述成为机器可读和可理解,并利用语义的推理技术使Web服务的发现、组合和激发等行为高度自动化。
当前的语义Web服务描述语言对服务的动态语义信息描述不足,缺乏对复杂Web服务的状态转换和行为约束的刻画,无法提供对服务动态行为和时序特性的推导。复杂的Web服务的行为经常是持续交互的过程,这种复杂的Web服务不是一步就可以完成的,它们要保持与其他Web服务或请求者进行持续交互,不断根据交互过程中的一系列中间状态做出反应,其反应行为常常要依赖执行当中的中间状态,表现出时序特性。当描述这样的(组合)服务或应用系统时,关注点不仅仅是简单地根据输入信息直接计算出输出的信息,而是关注这些(组合)服务是如何交互的,交互过程是如何根据产生的中间状态进行计算的。服务的规约不仅要说明在初始和最终状态中所需要保持的断言,而且也要描述中间状态,这些中间状态对于服务的下一步执行决策非常重要。
为了使Web服务的发现、组合和验证等行为高度自动化和准确化,需要一种语义Web服务描述语言,支持丰富的Web服务规约描述,既能精确描述Web服务的相关领域知识的静态语义,同时又能刻画Web服务的状态变化、时序特性等动态语义,深入描述Web服务的各个方面,从而为服务的发现、组合等相关任务提供坚实的语义基础。
本文中我们提出了一种描述框架来支持丰富的语义描述,以便更好地支持精确的Web服务的发现和准确的服务组合等任务。
1.在Web服务的语义描述框架方面,针对单纯的静态语义信息描述存在的不足,对OWL-S的过程模型进行了动态语义信息描述能力的扩充,提出了Web服务语义描述语言OWL-DS,给出Preconditions和Efffects的明确语法定义,按照传统描述逻辑的语义解释给出了基于状态和状态转换的Web服务的动态语义解释。提出了三种基本推导服务:可执行性(Executability)、可投射性(Projection)和一致性(Consistence)。OWL-DS具有描述Web服务的动态和静态语义知识的描述能力。
2.基于OWL-DS的Web服务描述,定义了Web服务之间的语义匹配计算,并根据语义匹配计算定义了丰富的匹配关系,为基于丰富语义的Web服务发现和组合奠定了的基础。同时将OWL-DS的语义匹配计算问题转化为传统描述逻辑的合取查询蕴含问题,以复用成熟的描述逻辑系统来支持语义匹配计算。
3.在OWL-DS对动态语义的描述基础上,针对复杂Web服务的时序特性,进一步对过程模型进行了扩充,增加了特征谓词Assumption和Commitment,用于对Web服务的时序特性进行描述,扩充得到描述语言OWL-TDS。OWL-TDS描述中的特征谓词Preconditions、Effects用于刻画web服务的状态转移,Assumption、Commitment用于描述web服务的持续交互特性。
4.提出了一种OWL-TDS到逻辑程序的转换方法,定义了相应的转换规则,将OWL-TDS描述转换成逻辑程序,将三个基本推导方法问题转换为逻辑程序的应答集的计算问题,证明了OWL-TDS基本推导方法与应答集之间的对应关系,以便利用现有的逻辑程序系统(如SMODLE、DLV)来支持OWL-TDS的服务描述和推导,从而可以确保我们的方法可以有效地应用于服务发现、组合、规划等的自动化工作中。
Currently the semantic web is combined with the web services technologies to describe services in an unambiguous and machine interpretable way. Thus, semantic reasoning techniques can be used to support automated Web service discovery, invocation and composition of web services.
However, the current web service description languages proposed by academic and industrial researchers for specification of Web service all suffer from the lack of their ability to provide constructs and concepts that enable reasoning about service behavior and character temporal properties of web service. Complex Web services and their compositions are often long lived processes that extend beyond single step execution, they maintain an ongoing interaction with requestor or other Web services, continuously act according the intermediate state. When describing such systems the focus is not just on what is computed in term of given inputs but equally on how it is computed, i.e., in terms of interaction capabilities over periodic of time during which intermediate states could be critical decision making stages. Specification of services should include assertions that not only validate their initial state, but also their intermediate states.
In order to ensure the success of various tasks involving web services such as discovery, composition, planning, a language is required for richer specification of web service so as to faithfully describe both static domain knowledge and dynamic aspect of function of web service ,such as state changes caused by web services、temporal properties that should be followed by web services. The language provides the semantic basis for Web service discovery and composition.
In this paper, we propose a framework to support rich service description and reasoning.
Firstly, to overcome the insufficiency we propose a Semantic Web service description language OWL—DS which are an extension of OWL-S .to describe dynamic semantic of web services behavior. The properties predicates pre, post in OWL-DS are used to describe state change caused by web services. These properties predicates are specified in a declarative form and integrated with process model of OWL-S. Three basic reasoning services are proposed: Executability, Projection, and Process Consistence. OWL—DS can describe both static and dynamic semantic of web services.
Secondly, Based on OWL-DS, a new semantic matching technique is proposed and some degree of semantic matching are defined. The matching techniques provide the basis for Web service discovery and composition. Especially, technique reasoning task of semantic matching can be reduced to basic reasoning problem of traditional description logic, so it enables available efficiency description logic system to be exploited for reasoning about web services
Thirdly, Further, we augment OWL-S process model with temporal properties formally called Assumption and Commitment and get a new description language OWL—TDS. The properties predicates pre, post in OWL-TDS are used to describe state change caused by web services while Assumption, Commitment are used to describe ongoing aspects of web services
We investigate translation from OWL-TDS into logic programming, in which input, output, Preconditions, Assumption, Effects, Commitment all can be naturally expressed in the form of rules. there translation serve as a basis for the use of systems for computing answer set for reasoning in semantic web services domains. It enables available efficiency LP inference implementation such as SMODEL、DLV to be exploited for reasoning about web services. Thus , the formalism provides a powerful techniques for reasoning about services discovering and composition。
当前的语义Web服务描述语言对服务的动态语义信息描述不足,缺乏对复杂Web服务的状态转换和行为约束的刻画,无法提供对服务动态行为和时序特性的推导。复杂的Web服务的行为经常是持续交互的过程,这种复杂的Web服务不是一步就可以完成的,它们要保持与其他Web服务或请求者进行持续交互,不断根据交互过程中的一系列中间状态做出反应,其反应行为常常要依赖执行当中的中间状态,表现出时序特性。当描述这样的(组合)服务或应用系统时,关注点不仅仅是简单地根据输入信息直接计算出输出的信息,而是关注这些(组合)服务是如何交互的,交互过程是如何根据产生的中间状态进行计算的。服务的规约不仅要说明在初始和最终状态中所需要保持的断言,而且也要描述中间状态,这些中间状态对于服务的下一步执行决策非常重要。
为了使Web服务的发现、组合和验证等行为高度自动化和准确化,需要一种语义Web服务描述语言,支持丰富的Web服务规约描述,既能精确描述Web服务的相关领域知识的静态语义,同时又能刻画Web服务的状态变化、时序特性等动态语义,深入描述Web服务的各个方面,从而为服务的发现、组合等相关任务提供坚实的语义基础。
本文中我们提出了一种描述框架来支持丰富的语义描述,以便更好地支持精确的Web服务的发现和准确的服务组合等任务。
1.在Web服务的语义描述框架方面,针对单纯的静态语义信息描述存在的不足,对OWL-S的过程模型进行了动态语义信息描述能力的扩充,提出了Web服务语义描述语言OWL-DS,给出Preconditions和Efffects的明确语法定义,按照传统描述逻辑的语义解释给出了基于状态和状态转换的Web服务的动态语义解释。提出了三种基本推导服务:可执行性(Executability)、可投射性(Projection)和一致性(Consistence)。OWL-DS具有描述Web服务的动态和静态语义知识的描述能力。
2.基于OWL-DS的Web服务描述,定义了Web服务之间的语义匹配计算,并根据语义匹配计算定义了丰富的匹配关系,为基于丰富语义的Web服务发现和组合奠定了的基础。同时将OWL-DS的语义匹配计算问题转化为传统描述逻辑的合取查询蕴含问题,以复用成熟的描述逻辑系统来支持语义匹配计算。
3.在OWL-DS对动态语义的描述基础上,针对复杂Web服务的时序特性,进一步对过程模型进行了扩充,增加了特征谓词Assumption和Commitment,用于对Web服务的时序特性进行描述,扩充得到描述语言OWL-TDS。OWL-TDS描述中的特征谓词Preconditions、Effects用于刻画web服务的状态转移,Assumption、Commitment用于描述web服务的持续交互特性。
4.提出了一种OWL-TDS到逻辑程序的转换方法,定义了相应的转换规则,将OWL-TDS描述转换成逻辑程序,将三个基本推导方法问题转换为逻辑程序的应答集的计算问题,证明了OWL-TDS基本推导方法与应答集之间的对应关系,以便利用现有的逻辑程序系统(如SMODLE、DLV)来支持OWL-TDS的服务描述和推导,从而可以确保我们的方法可以有效地应用于服务发现、组合、规划等的自动化工作中。
Currently the semantic web is combined with the web services technologies to describe services in an unambiguous and machine interpretable way. Thus, semantic reasoning techniques can be used to support automated Web service discovery, invocation and composition of web services.
However, the current web service description languages proposed by academic and industrial researchers for specification of Web service all suffer from the lack of their ability to provide constructs and concepts that enable reasoning about service behavior and character temporal properties of web service. Complex Web services and their compositions are often long lived processes that extend beyond single step execution, they maintain an ongoing interaction with requestor or other Web services, continuously act according the intermediate state. When describing such systems the focus is not just on what is computed in term of given inputs but equally on how it is computed, i.e., in terms of interaction capabilities over periodic of time during which intermediate states could be critical decision making stages. Specification of services should include assertions that not only validate their initial state, but also their intermediate states.
In order to ensure the success of various tasks involving web services such as discovery, composition, planning, a language is required for richer specification of web service so as to faithfully describe both static domain knowledge and dynamic aspect of function of web service ,such as state changes caused by web services、temporal properties that should be followed by web services. The language provides the semantic basis for Web service discovery and composition.
In this paper, we propose a framework to support rich service description and reasoning.
Firstly, to overcome the insufficiency we propose a Semantic Web service description language OWL—DS which are an extension of OWL-S .to describe dynamic semantic of web services behavior. The properties predicates pre, post in OWL-DS are used to describe state change caused by web services. These properties predicates are specified in a declarative form and integrated with process model of OWL-S. Three basic reasoning services are proposed: Executability, Projection, and Process Consistence. OWL—DS can describe both static and dynamic semantic of web services.
Secondly, Based on OWL-DS, a new semantic matching technique is proposed and some degree of semantic matching are defined. The matching techniques provide the basis for Web service discovery and composition. Especially, technique reasoning task of semantic matching can be reduced to basic reasoning problem of traditional description logic, so it enables available efficiency description logic system to be exploited for reasoning about web services
Thirdly, Further, we augment OWL-S process model with temporal properties formally called Assumption and Commitment and get a new description language OWL—TDS. The properties predicates pre, post in OWL-TDS are used to describe state change caused by web services while Assumption, Commitment are used to describe ongoing aspects of web services
We investigate translation from OWL-TDS into logic programming, in which input, output, Preconditions, Assumption, Effects, Commitment all can be naturally expressed in the form of rules. there translation serve as a basis for the use of systems for computing answer set for reasoning in semantic web services domains. It enables available efficiency LP inference implementation such as SMODEL、DLV to be exploited for reasoning about web services. Thus , the formalism provides a powerful techniques for reasoning about services discovering and composition。
引文
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