儿童身体攻击与关系攻击的分子遗传学比较：多巴胺系统基因的分析
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摘要
身体攻击和关系攻击是属于按表现形式分类的两种攻击行为,既有研究证明,二者之间虽有大量重叠,但又具独立结构(Crick et al.,2007; Little et al.,2003)。研究者们已经意识到,将攻击划分为身体攻击和关系攻击的亚类进行研究有助于更好地对攻击进行更全面的理解,并已经进行了一定的研究,但大都停留在对两类攻击的发展特点上做比较。攻击的分子遗传学研究已经得到了一定的发展,研究者对多巴胺系统相关基因尤为关注,虽然存在大量不一致的结论,但某些基因可能对攻击确实存在一定的影响。而研究中对攻击的界定多是指较为严重的身体攻击,且被试大多来自患有精神分裂症或其他疾病的非正常群体。对关系攻击与特定基因的研究极其匮乏,更鲜有研究将儿童的身体攻击与关系攻击的分子遗传学基础做比较。故本研究首次对止常儿童就多巴胺系统相关基因MAOA基因和COMT基因的单核苷酸多态性与身体攻击和关系攻击的分子遗传学基础进行了比较。
采用整群抽样法从山东省济南市8所小学分别抽取4、5年级儿童,共2747人,其中男生1430人,女生1317人。采用同伴评定法对上述2747名儿童进行身体攻击、关系攻击测评,并对男、女儿童的攻击得分分别进行标准化处理,标准分>1者为高攻击个体,其与为正常个体。从中选取被试共452名,其中男生283(占62.61%),女生169人(占37.39%)。对这452名儿童的MAOA(rs6323)和COMT(rs4680)基因单核苷酸多态性进行测定。以MAOA(rs6323)和COMT(rs4680)的基因多态性、性别为自变量,以身体攻击和关系攻击的得分为因变量,进行多元方差分析,以考察身体攻击和关系攻击是否在MAOA和COMT基因的多态性上有差异。
结果显示,MAOA基因的rs6323多态性对身体攻击和关系攻击均无影响。对于男生来说,无论身体攻击还是关系攻击,在COMT基因的rs4680多态性上均无显著差异。对于女生来说,G等位基因携带者的身体攻击水平显著高于AA型基因携带者,对与关系攻击来说,GA型携基因带者的关系攻击水平同样显著高于携带AA型基因携带者,但GG型基因携带者跟两外两种基因型个体的关系攻击水平均无显著差异。
Physical aggression and relational aggression are two forms of aggressive behavior, researchers have provided evidence that there is substantial overlap between physical and relational aggression, but they are distinct constructs(Crick et al.,2007; Little et al.,2003). The melecular genetics of physical aggression is developing fast, and researchers are especially interested in the genes involved in dopamine systems. Although there is not an agreement about the results, some genes may affect the aggressive behavior someway. Thoes reserchers define aggression almost as physical aggressive behavior, and their subjects were mostly chosen from the abnormal groups of people who have specific illnesss like schizophrenia. Studyies about relational aggression and typical genes are very limited, and there is almost no one doing this job, which is comparing the molecular genetic basis of physical and relational aggression. In this paper, we are the first group to find if there are any diffrences between the physical and relational aggression on the genes of dopamine systems, MAOA and COMT, which have some single nucleotide polymorphism in them.
A cluster sampling method from Jinan,8 Shandong primary school grade 4,5 students were chosen as the samples, a total of 2,747 people, about evenly divided between girls and boys. Peer assessment method with 2,747 children in the physical aggression, relational aggression evaluation, and aggression on young boys and girls separately standardized scores, standard scores> 1 were as highly aggressive individuals with normal individuals. Eventually selected a total of 452 subjects, including 283 boys (accounting for 62.61%), girls 169 (accounting for 37.39%). These 452 children, MAOA (rs6323) and COMT (rs4680) single nucleotide polymorphisms were determined. The MAOA (rs6323) and COMT (rs4680) gene polymorphism, gender as independent variables to physical aggression and relational aggression score as the dependent variable, multivariate analysis of variance to examine whether relational aggression and physical aggression in the two genes. There are differences of polymorphism.
Our result indicated that, MAOA gene was not affect neither physical nor relational aggression. For boys, there is no significant differences between the rs4680 in COMT gene and both of the two types of aggression. For girls, the G allelle carriers performed significant more physical aggression than the A homozygote carriers, however, there is some diffrences about relational aggression. The girls whom having the AA genes are still at a low level of relational aggression, and the GA carriers, they are still at a high level,but the GG carriers are not significant to any of the other types.
采用整群抽样法从山东省济南市8所小学分别抽取4、5年级儿童,共2747人,其中男生1430人,女生1317人。采用同伴评定法对上述2747名儿童进行身体攻击、关系攻击测评,并对男、女儿童的攻击得分分别进行标准化处理,标准分>1者为高攻击个体,其与为正常个体。从中选取被试共452名,其中男生283(占62.61%),女生169人(占37.39%)。对这452名儿童的MAOA(rs6323)和COMT(rs4680)基因单核苷酸多态性进行测定。以MAOA(rs6323)和COMT(rs4680)的基因多态性、性别为自变量,以身体攻击和关系攻击的得分为因变量,进行多元方差分析,以考察身体攻击和关系攻击是否在MAOA和COMT基因的多态性上有差异。
结果显示,MAOA基因的rs6323多态性对身体攻击和关系攻击均无影响。对于男生来说,无论身体攻击还是关系攻击,在COMT基因的rs4680多态性上均无显著差异。对于女生来说,G等位基因携带者的身体攻击水平显著高于AA型基因携带者,对与关系攻击来说,GA型携基因带者的关系攻击水平同样显著高于携带AA型基因携带者,但GG型基因携带者跟两外两种基因型个体的关系攻击水平均无显著差异。
Physical aggression and relational aggression are two forms of aggressive behavior, researchers have provided evidence that there is substantial overlap between physical and relational aggression, but they are distinct constructs(Crick et al.,2007; Little et al.,2003). The melecular genetics of physical aggression is developing fast, and researchers are especially interested in the genes involved in dopamine systems. Although there is not an agreement about the results, some genes may affect the aggressive behavior someway. Thoes reserchers define aggression almost as physical aggressive behavior, and their subjects were mostly chosen from the abnormal groups of people who have specific illnesss like schizophrenia. Studyies about relational aggression and typical genes are very limited, and there is almost no one doing this job, which is comparing the molecular genetic basis of physical and relational aggression. In this paper, we are the first group to find if there are any diffrences between the physical and relational aggression on the genes of dopamine systems, MAOA and COMT, which have some single nucleotide polymorphism in them.
A cluster sampling method from Jinan,8 Shandong primary school grade 4,5 students were chosen as the samples, a total of 2,747 people, about evenly divided between girls and boys. Peer assessment method with 2,747 children in the physical aggression, relational aggression evaluation, and aggression on young boys and girls separately standardized scores, standard scores> 1 were as highly aggressive individuals with normal individuals. Eventually selected a total of 452 subjects, including 283 boys (accounting for 62.61%), girls 169 (accounting for 37.39%). These 452 children, MAOA (rs6323) and COMT (rs4680) single nucleotide polymorphisms were determined. The MAOA (rs6323) and COMT (rs4680) gene polymorphism, gender as independent variables to physical aggression and relational aggression score as the dependent variable, multivariate analysis of variance to examine whether relational aggression and physical aggression in the two genes. There are differences of polymorphism.
Our result indicated that, MAOA gene was not affect neither physical nor relational aggression. For boys, there is no significant differences between the rs4680 in COMT gene and both of the two types of aggression. For girls, the G allelle carriers performed significant more physical aggression than the A homozygote carriers, however, there is some diffrences about relational aggression. The girls whom having the AA genes are still at a low level of relational aggression, and the GA carriers, they are still at a high level,but the GG carriers are not significant to any of the other types.
引文
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