嫦娥工程中激光测距技术的研究
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摘要
激光测距技术是一项综合技术,涵盖激光、光电探测、自动控制、空间轨道等多个学科领域,各学科日新月异的发展推动着激光测距技术的进步。激光测距系统经过了三个阶段的发展,衡量每一阶段测距系统产生的标志主要是测距精度。目前,第四阶段预期精度为毫米级,尚处于研制阶段。
本论文引言部分介绍了卫星激光测距技术的发展概况、测距系统的构成、测距网的概况以及在嫦娥工程中,激光测距的意义等;第二、三部分从激光测距理论、角反射器理论出发,探讨了设计角反射器的理论基础及应该注意的基本问题;第四部分对探月卫星激光测距的必要性和可行性进行了分析,提出了单个角反射器及角反射器阵列的设计方案;第五部分介绍了由美国和前苏联放置在月面上的角反射器阵列实例,以此为参考提出了放置在月面上的角反射器阵列的设计方案。
本论文只是该项研究的初步探讨,还有许多未尽的工作,但这些对于推动激光测距理论的发展、促进激光测距技术的进步有重要意义。
Laser Ranging technology is a comprehensive technology, covering a number of areas from laser, photoelectric detection, automatic control to space orbit. The rapid development of these disciplines promotes the progress of Laser Ranging technology. Laser Ranging system experience a three-stage development, of which the location accuracy is the main sign of the ranging system creation. At present, the precision of the fourth phase is expected to be millimeter-level, which is still in the development stage.
The introduction of this paper introduces the developments of satellite Laser Ranging technology, the components of ranging system, ranging network and the significance of Laser Ranging in the Chang'e project. Based on the Laser Ranging theory, corner reflectors theory, the second and the third parts discuss the theoretical foundation of the corner reflectors and the basic problem should be pay attention to. The forth part analyses the necessity and feasibility of the lunar exploration satellite Laser Ranging, and presents the design proposal of single corner reflectors and angle reflector array. The fifth part introduces the example that the United States and the former Soviet Union place the corner reflector array on the moon surface. So we present the corner reflector array design placed on the moon surface.
This paper is only a preliminary study, there are still many works need to do. However the results are significant for impelling the laser ranging theories, promoting the laser ranging techniques.
本论文引言部分介绍了卫星激光测距技术的发展概况、测距系统的构成、测距网的概况以及在嫦娥工程中,激光测距的意义等;第二、三部分从激光测距理论、角反射器理论出发,探讨了设计角反射器的理论基础及应该注意的基本问题;第四部分对探月卫星激光测距的必要性和可行性进行了分析,提出了单个角反射器及角反射器阵列的设计方案;第五部分介绍了由美国和前苏联放置在月面上的角反射器阵列实例,以此为参考提出了放置在月面上的角反射器阵列的设计方案。
本论文只是该项研究的初步探讨,还有许多未尽的工作,但这些对于推动激光测距理论的发展、促进激光测距技术的进步有重要意义。
Laser Ranging technology is a comprehensive technology, covering a number of areas from laser, photoelectric detection, automatic control to space orbit. The rapid development of these disciplines promotes the progress of Laser Ranging technology. Laser Ranging system experience a three-stage development, of which the location accuracy is the main sign of the ranging system creation. At present, the precision of the fourth phase is expected to be millimeter-level, which is still in the development stage.
The introduction of this paper introduces the developments of satellite Laser Ranging technology, the components of ranging system, ranging network and the significance of Laser Ranging in the Chang'e project. Based on the Laser Ranging theory, corner reflectors theory, the second and the third parts discuss the theoretical foundation of the corner reflectors and the basic problem should be pay attention to. The forth part analyses the necessity and feasibility of the lunar exploration satellite Laser Ranging, and presents the design proposal of single corner reflectors and angle reflector array. The fifth part introduces the example that the United States and the former Soviet Union place the corner reflector array on the moon surface. So we present the corner reflector array design placed on the moon surface.
This paper is only a preliminary study, there are still many works need to do. However the results are significant for impelling the laser ranging theories, promoting the laser ranging techniques.
引文
[1]杨福民,肖炽琨,陈婉珍等.白天卫星激光测距系统的设计与实测结果[J].中国科学(A辑),1998,28(11):1048-1056
[2]万强,郭延龙等.卫星激光测距合作目标技术现状和进展[J].激光与光电子学进展,2005,42(5):20-23
[3]王绍民,赵道木.矩阵光学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:160-168
[4]扈荆夫,李鑫等.星载激光反射器阵列的有效反射面积分布的计算[J].中国科学(G辑),2004,34(1):114-120
[5]王古常,王小兵,孙斌等.卫星激光合作目标中角反射器的密接布阵设计[J].中国激光,2004,31(6):673-676
[6]叶叔华,黄珹.天文地球动力学[M].山东:山东科学技术出版社,2000:103
[7]冯和生,熊耀恒,姜崇国等.单光子探测技术的高峰-月球激光测距[J].光子学报,2000,29(Z1):29-33
[8]熊耀恒,冯和生.月球激光测距的现状及可能的改进方法[J].云南天文台台刊,2002,(3):117-122
[9]Degnan J.J..Satellite Laser Ranging Current Status and Future Prospects[C].IEEE,1985,23(4):398-413
[10]Neubert R..An Analytical Model of Satellite Signature Effects[C].Ninth International Workshop on Laser Ranging Instrumentation,1994,(1):82-91
[11]Kirchner G..,Koidl F..Work at Satellite Signature[C].Eighth International Workshop on Laser Ranging Instrumentation,1992,(2):15-22
[12]Varghese T.Analysis of TOPEX Laser Retro-reflector Array Characteristics[C].Eighth International Workshop on Laser Ranging Instrumentation,1992,(6):47-58
[13]Otsubo T.,Amagai J.Kunimori H..Dependence of AJISAL's Center-of-Mass Correction on Laser Ranging System[C].Tenth International Workshop on Laser Ranging Instrumentation,1996:223-232
[14]Degnan J.J..Effects of Detection Threshold and Signal Strength on Lageos Range Bias[C].Ninth International Workshop on Laser Ranging Instrumentation, 1994,(3):920-925
[15]Vasiliev V.P.,Gashkin I.S.,Belov M.S.et al..A New Approach to a Submillimeter SLR Target Design[C].Eleventh International Workshop on Laser Ranging Instrumentation,1999,(1):336-345
[16]Schillak S..Accuracy of the Satellite Laser Ranging[C].Tenth International Workshop on Laser Ranging Instrumentation,1996:208-215
[17]Visseliev V.P.,Gusev L.,Degnan J.J.et al..Experimental Virification of the FIZEAU Effect Influence on the Reflectted Beam Direction in Satellite Laser Ranging[C].Ninth International Workshop on Laser Ranging Instrumentation,1994,(1):147-157
[18]Cova S.,Ghioni M,Lacaita A.et al..Avalanche Photodiodes Optimized for Single-photo Detection[C].Seventh International Workshop on Laser Ranging Instrumentation,1989:201-208
[19]Prochazka I.,Hamal K.,Sopko B..Photodiode Based Detector Package for Centimeter Satellite Ranging[C].Seventh International Workshop on Laser Ranging Instrumentation,1989:219-221
[20]Prochazka I..The Solid State Detector Technology for Picosecond Laser Ranging[C].Eight International Workshop on Laser Ranging Instrumentation,1992,(5):31-35
[21]Prochazka I.,Blazej J..Target Characterization Using Single Photon Laser Ranging on SPAD[C].Ninth International Workshop on Laser Ranging Instrumentation,1992,(1):103-106
[22]E.C.Silverberg.Operation and Performance of a Lunar Laser Ranging Station[J].Applied Optics,1974,13(3):565-574
[23]王清正,胡渝,林崇杰.光电探测技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1994
[24]王国文,王兰萍,许祖华.激光与光电子技术[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1994
[25]周炳琨,高以智,陈家骅.激光原理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1995
[26]C.G.巴克曼著,胡桂兰 译,倪树新 校.激光雷达系统与技术[M].北京: 国防工业出版社,1982
[27]蔡希尧.雷达系统概论[M].北京:科学出版社,1983
[28]M.玻恩,E.沃耳夫.光学原理[M].北京:科学出版社,1978
[2]万强,郭延龙等.卫星激光测距合作目标技术现状和进展[J].激光与光电子学进展,2005,42(5):20-23
[3]王绍民,赵道木.矩阵光学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:160-168
[4]扈荆夫,李鑫等.星载激光反射器阵列的有效反射面积分布的计算[J].中国科学(G辑),2004,34(1):114-120
[5]王古常,王小兵,孙斌等.卫星激光合作目标中角反射器的密接布阵设计[J].中国激光,2004,31(6):673-676
[6]叶叔华,黄珹.天文地球动力学[M].山东:山东科学技术出版社,2000:103
[7]冯和生,熊耀恒,姜崇国等.单光子探测技术的高峰-月球激光测距[J].光子学报,2000,29(Z1):29-33
[8]熊耀恒,冯和生.月球激光测距的现状及可能的改进方法[J].云南天文台台刊,2002,(3):117-122
[9]Degnan J.J..Satellite Laser Ranging Current Status and Future Prospects[C].IEEE,1985,23(4):398-413
[10]Neubert R..An Analytical Model of Satellite Signature Effects[C].Ninth International Workshop on Laser Ranging Instrumentation,1994,(1):82-91
[11]Kirchner G..,Koidl F..Work at Satellite Signature[C].Eighth International Workshop on Laser Ranging Instrumentation,1992,(2):15-22
[12]Varghese T.Analysis of TOPEX Laser Retro-reflector Array Characteristics[C].Eighth International Workshop on Laser Ranging Instrumentation,1992,(6):47-58
[13]Otsubo T.,Amagai J.Kunimori H..Dependence of AJISAL's Center-of-Mass Correction on Laser Ranging System[C].Tenth International Workshop on Laser Ranging Instrumentation,1996:223-232
[14]Degnan J.J..Effects of Detection Threshold and Signal Strength on Lageos Range Bias[C].Ninth International Workshop on Laser Ranging Instrumentation, 1994,(3):920-925
[15]Vasiliev V.P.,Gashkin I.S.,Belov M.S.et al..A New Approach to a Submillimeter SLR Target Design[C].Eleventh International Workshop on Laser Ranging Instrumentation,1999,(1):336-345
[16]Schillak S..Accuracy of the Satellite Laser Ranging[C].Tenth International Workshop on Laser Ranging Instrumentation,1996:208-215
[17]Visseliev V.P.,Gusev L.,Degnan J.J.et al..Experimental Virification of the FIZEAU Effect Influence on the Reflectted Beam Direction in Satellite Laser Ranging[C].Ninth International Workshop on Laser Ranging Instrumentation,1994,(1):147-157
[18]Cova S.,Ghioni M,Lacaita A.et al..Avalanche Photodiodes Optimized for Single-photo Detection[C].Seventh International Workshop on Laser Ranging Instrumentation,1989:201-208
[19]Prochazka I.,Hamal K.,Sopko B..Photodiode Based Detector Package for Centimeter Satellite Ranging[C].Seventh International Workshop on Laser Ranging Instrumentation,1989:219-221
[20]Prochazka I..The Solid State Detector Technology for Picosecond Laser Ranging[C].Eight International Workshop on Laser Ranging Instrumentation,1992,(5):31-35
[21]Prochazka I.,Blazej J..Target Characterization Using Single Photon Laser Ranging on SPAD[C].Ninth International Workshop on Laser Ranging Instrumentation,1992,(1):103-106
[22]E.C.Silverberg.Operation and Performance of a Lunar Laser Ranging Station[J].Applied Optics,1974,13(3):565-574
[23]王清正,胡渝,林崇杰.光电探测技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1994
[24]王国文,王兰萍,许祖华.激光与光电子技术[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1994
[25]周炳琨,高以智,陈家骅.激光原理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1995
[26]C.G.巴克曼著,胡桂兰 译,倪树新 校.激光雷达系统与技术[M].北京: 国防工业出版社,1982
[27]蔡希尧.雷达系统概论[M].北京:科学出版社,1983
[28]M.玻恩,E.沃耳夫.光学原理[M].北京:科学出版社,1978