同相牵引变电所补偿优化方案研究
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摘要
由于电气化铁道牵引供电系统存在大量的无功、负序、谐波,以及电分相引起的列车速度和牵引力损失等问题,严重影响了铁路高速化、重载化的发展。文中引入的YNvd平衡变压器、有源补偿和无源对称补偿技术构造出一种低成本的混合补偿式同相供电系统,可同时解决电气化铁路的电能质量和过分相问题。
在实际工程中,为节省补偿设备容量投入,提高牵引变电所的经济效益,往往不需要对系统进行完备补偿。所以提出了混合补偿式同相供电系统容量满意优化模型,并以此为目标加以讨论。
本文首先介绍了同相供电系统的结构、YNvd平衡变压器的特点,分析了同相供电对称补偿原理以及综合潮流控制器的结构及其平衡变换原理。并基于MATLAB软件搭建了混合补偿式同相牵引供电系统仿真平台,验证了这种方案的可行性。
然后给出了基于YNvd平衡变压器的对称补偿器和潮流控制器的补偿容量与补偿度之间的关系。并通过分析平衡牵引变压器补偿前后的牵引母线电流、牵引母线电压,得出三相电流不平衡度、牵引电流总谐波畸变率与补偿度之间的关系。利用这个关系得出了补偿装置容量的满意优化计算方法,并通过实例进行了运算。
最后基于MATLAB软件搭建了混合补偿式同相供电系统满意优化仿真模型,得出经过满意优化可以减少潮流控制器的容量。
Considering the problems existed in the electric traction power supply system of electrified railway, such as abundant reactive power, negative sequence and harmonics, and the lost of traction speed and power which are restricted by phase splitting influence the power quality and restrict the improvement of railway high speed and over loading. A low cost hybrid compensation co-phased traction power system consisted of YNvd balanced transformer, active compensation and passive symmetrical compensation is presented and compared in this paper which solves the problems of both power quality and phase splitting.
In order to save the capacity investment and improve the economic efficiency of traction substation, complete compensation is always not needed in practice. The model of satisfactory optimization with hybrid compensation co-phased traction power system capacity is presented in this dissertation.
In this paper, the structure of co-phase traction power supply system and the performance of the YNvd balance transformer are discussed, the structure of the Integrated Power Flow Controller (IPFC), the principle of balanced transformation and the passive symmetrical compensation are analyzed. And the paper put up the hybrid compensation co-phase traction power supply system simulation platform based on MATLAB. Prove that this style is feasible.
The relationship between compensation degree and compensation capacity of the passive symmetrical compensator and the IPFC based on the YNvd balance transformer is presented. Through analyzing traction bus current, traction bus voltage before and after compensation, the relationship between three-phase current unbalance degree, traction current total harmonic distortion rate and compensation degree is presented. Satisfactory optimization calculation of compensator capacity is presented.
In the end, he paper put up the hybrid compensation co-phase traction power supply system satisfactory optimization simulation platform based on MATLAB. Come to the conclusion that IPFC capacity can be reduced, via satisfactory optimization.
在实际工程中,为节省补偿设备容量投入,提高牵引变电所的经济效益,往往不需要对系统进行完备补偿。所以提出了混合补偿式同相供电系统容量满意优化模型,并以此为目标加以讨论。
本文首先介绍了同相供电系统的结构、YNvd平衡变压器的特点,分析了同相供电对称补偿原理以及综合潮流控制器的结构及其平衡变换原理。并基于MATLAB软件搭建了混合补偿式同相牵引供电系统仿真平台,验证了这种方案的可行性。
然后给出了基于YNvd平衡变压器的对称补偿器和潮流控制器的补偿容量与补偿度之间的关系。并通过分析平衡牵引变压器补偿前后的牵引母线电流、牵引母线电压,得出三相电流不平衡度、牵引电流总谐波畸变率与补偿度之间的关系。利用这个关系得出了补偿装置容量的满意优化计算方法,并通过实例进行了运算。
最后基于MATLAB软件搭建了混合补偿式同相供电系统满意优化仿真模型,得出经过满意优化可以减少潮流控制器的容量。
Considering the problems existed in the electric traction power supply system of electrified railway, such as abundant reactive power, negative sequence and harmonics, and the lost of traction speed and power which are restricted by phase splitting influence the power quality and restrict the improvement of railway high speed and over loading. A low cost hybrid compensation co-phased traction power system consisted of YNvd balanced transformer, active compensation and passive symmetrical compensation is presented and compared in this paper which solves the problems of both power quality and phase splitting.
In order to save the capacity investment and improve the economic efficiency of traction substation, complete compensation is always not needed in practice. The model of satisfactory optimization with hybrid compensation co-phased traction power system capacity is presented in this dissertation.
In this paper, the structure of co-phase traction power supply system and the performance of the YNvd balance transformer are discussed, the structure of the Integrated Power Flow Controller (IPFC), the principle of balanced transformation and the passive symmetrical compensation are analyzed. And the paper put up the hybrid compensation co-phase traction power supply system simulation platform based on MATLAB. Prove that this style is feasible.
The relationship between compensation degree and compensation capacity of the passive symmetrical compensator and the IPFC based on the YNvd balance transformer is presented. Through analyzing traction bus current, traction bus voltage before and after compensation, the relationship between three-phase current unbalance degree, traction current total harmonic distortion rate and compensation degree is presented. Satisfactory optimization calculation of compensator capacity is presented.
In the end, he paper put up the hybrid compensation co-phase traction power supply system satisfactory optimization simulation platform based on MATLAB. Come to the conclusion that IPFC capacity can be reduced, via satisfactory optimization.
引文
[1]曹建猷.电气化铁路供电系统[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1983
[2]李群湛.电气化铁道并联综合补偿及其应用[M],中国铁道出版社,1993.
[3]李群湛.电气化铁路电能质量及其综合控制技术[M],2007.
[4]郭育华,连级三,张昆仑.自动过分相对电力机车的影响[J].机车电传动,2006,18(6)：73-78.
[5]李群湛,贺建闽.单调谐滤波器优化设计及滤波效果[J].铁道学报,1995.6：15-21.
[6]李群湛.关于电气化铁道的负序影响与限制问题的研究[J].铁道学报,1994：21-27.
[7]中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T15543-2008,电能质量三相电压允许不平衡度.国家技术监督局,2008.
[8]中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T14549-1993,电能质量公用电网谐波.国家技术监督局,1993.
[9]张丽,李群湛,贺建闽.无功反送正计条件下最佳固定补偿的选择[J].铁道学报,2003.4：34-38
[10]吕晓琴.基于“V”型变压器的同相供电技术研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[11]贺建闽,张雪.同相供电对称补偿技术应用[J].铁道学报,1995.4：36-41.
[12]贺建闽,李群湛.用于同相供电系统的对称补偿技术[J].铁道学报,1998,20(6)：47-51.
[13]李群湛.同相供电系统的对称补偿[J].铁道学报,1991.10：35-43
[14]牵引供电系统分析[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2007.
[15]李群湛,张进思,贺威俊.适于重载电力牵引的新型供电系统的研究[J].铁道学报,1988,10(4)：23-31.
[16]李群湛,贺建闽.电气化铁路的同相供电系统与对称补偿技术[J].电力系统自动化,1996,20(4)：9-11.
[17]吴命利,李群湛.同相供电对称补偿的接线形式与补偿装置容量选择[J].机车电传动,2000,(5)：15-18.
[18]张秀峰,李群湛,吕晓琴.基于有源滤波器的V,v接同相供电系统[J].中国铁道科学,2006,27(2)：98-103.
[19]张秀峰,连级三.基于斯科特变压器的新型同相AT牵引供电系统[J].机车电传动,2006,(4)：14-18.
[20]张秀峰,高仕斌,钱清泉.基于阻抗匹配平衡变压器和AT供电方式的新型同相牵引供电系统[J].铁道学报,2006,28(4)：32-37.
[21]吕晓琴,张秀峰.基于有源滤波器和V/x结线的同相牵引供电系统[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2006,18(6)：73-78.
[22]曾国宏,郝荣泰.采用有源滤波器实现平衡变换的供电系统研究[J].铁道学报,2003,25(1)：48-53.
[23]曾国宏,郝荣泰.基于有源滤波器和阻抗匹配平衡变压器的同相供电系统[J].铁道学报,2003,25(3)：49-54.
[24]曾国宏,郝荣泰.基于有源滤波器和斯科特变压器的同相供电系统[J].北方交通大学学报,2003,27(4)：84-90.
[25]Zhou fulin, Li Qunzhan, Qiu Daqiang. Co-phased Traction Power System Based on Balanced Transformer and Hybrid Compensation.Power and Energy Engineering Conference(APPEEC),2010:1-4.
[26]Rukonuzzaman M, Nakaoka M. Single-phase Shunt Active Power Filter with Knowledg-Based Harmonic Detection Algorithm[A]. In:Proceedings of the power Conversion Conference[C]. PCC-Osaka,2002:778-783.
[27]S.T.Senini, P.J.Wolfs. Novel Topology For Correction of Unbalance Load In Single Phase Electric Traction Systems. IEEE 33rd Annual Power Electrionics Specialist Conference, Australia,2002:1208-1212.
[28]杨君,王兆安,邱关源.不对称三相电路谐波及基波负序电流实时检测方法研究[J].西安交通大学学报,1996,30(3)：94-100.
[29]杨万开,肖湘宁,杨以涵.不对称三相电路谐波和负序电流的实时检测方法[J].现代电力,1997,14(3)：27-32.
[30]张明江等.三相不平衡与无功功率的综合补偿方法[J].电网技术,2008,6：20-23.
[31]韩学军等.综合补偿三相不平衡负载的研究[J].电网技术,2006,10：288-291.
[32]Wetzel F R. A Single Phase Load from a Three Phase Source with Balanced Line Currents.IEEE IAS Meeting,1981:14-17
[33]Arai K. Balancing Circuit for Single Phase Load with Scalene Scott Connection Transformer[J]. Railway Technical Research Institute Quarterly Report,1981,(1).
[34]孙驰,魏光辉,毕增军.基于同相坐标变换的三相不对称系统的无功和谐波电流的检测[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(12)：43-48.
[35]蒋寿生,周有庆,罗信芝等.Y/>△平衡变压器输入阻抗平衡的研究[J].变压器,2001,38(2)：1-3.
[36]刘光晔,周有庆,姚建刚.新型平衡变压器的平衡条件及等值电路研究[J].中国电机工程学报,1999,19(4)：84-88.
[37]严云生.电力机车自动过分相方案的探讨[J].机车电传动,1996,(4)：1-3.
[38]荣飞,罗安,范卿.一种序分量检测新方法[J].电工电能新技术,2008,27(1)：35-39.
[39]杨杰,赖声礼,吴淑泉.一种改进的三相电路谐波和负序电流检测方法研究[J].华北电力技术,2002,(12)：10-12.
[40]张志文,刘福生,熊芝耀,罗隆福.阻抗匹配平衡变压器的电能变换和运行计算[J].电工技术学报,2000,15(2)：6-11.
[41]Fryze S. Active, reactive and appparent power in circuits with nonsinusoidal voltage and current. (in Polish) Przegl. Elektortech,1931, (7):193-203.
[42]任永锋,李含寿,贺刚等.两种单相电路瞬时谐波及无功电流实时检测方法分析[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2003,15(1)：95-98.
[43]薛定宇,陈阳泉.基于Matlab/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2003.
[44]范影乐,杨胜天,李轶.MATLAB仿真应用详解[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2001.
[45]吴天明,赵新力,刘建存.MATLAB电力系统设计与分析[M].国防工业出版社,2007.
[46]王兆安,杨军,刘进军.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿[M].北京：机械工业出版社,中国,2002.
[47]于庆光,付之宝.电能质量指标及其算法的研究[J].电力电子技术,2007,41(1)：10-12.
[48]温建民.宜万线牵引变电所无功补偿方案研究[J].铁道工程学报,2006,02：74-78.
[49]施汉基.三相不对称负荷的无功功率对称化补偿[J].电网技术,1998.2：40-43.
[2]李群湛.电气化铁道并联综合补偿及其应用[M],中国铁道出版社,1993.
[3]李群湛.电气化铁路电能质量及其综合控制技术[M],2007.
[4]郭育华,连级三,张昆仑.自动过分相对电力机车的影响[J].机车电传动,2006,18(6)：73-78.
[5]李群湛,贺建闽.单调谐滤波器优化设计及滤波效果[J].铁道学报,1995.6：15-21.
[6]李群湛.关于电气化铁道的负序影响与限制问题的研究[J].铁道学报,1994：21-27.
[7]中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T15543-2008,电能质量三相电压允许不平衡度.国家技术监督局,2008.
[8]中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T14549-1993,电能质量公用电网谐波.国家技术监督局,1993.
[9]张丽,李群湛,贺建闽.无功反送正计条件下最佳固定补偿的选择[J].铁道学报,2003.4：34-38
[10]吕晓琴.基于“V”型变压器的同相供电技术研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[11]贺建闽,张雪.同相供电对称补偿技术应用[J].铁道学报,1995.4：36-41.
[12]贺建闽,李群湛.用于同相供电系统的对称补偿技术[J].铁道学报,1998,20(6)：47-51.
[13]李群湛.同相供电系统的对称补偿[J].铁道学报,1991.10：35-43
[14]牵引供电系统分析[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2007.
[15]李群湛,张进思,贺威俊.适于重载电力牵引的新型供电系统的研究[J].铁道学报,1988,10(4)：23-31.
[16]李群湛,贺建闽.电气化铁路的同相供电系统与对称补偿技术[J].电力系统自动化,1996,20(4)：9-11.
[17]吴命利,李群湛.同相供电对称补偿的接线形式与补偿装置容量选择[J].机车电传动,2000,(5)：15-18.
[18]张秀峰,李群湛,吕晓琴.基于有源滤波器的V,v接同相供电系统[J].中国铁道科学,2006,27(2)：98-103.
[19]张秀峰,连级三.基于斯科特变压器的新型同相AT牵引供电系统[J].机车电传动,2006,(4)：14-18.
[20]张秀峰,高仕斌,钱清泉.基于阻抗匹配平衡变压器和AT供电方式的新型同相牵引供电系统[J].铁道学报,2006,28(4)：32-37.
[21]吕晓琴,张秀峰.基于有源滤波器和V/x结线的同相牵引供电系统[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2006,18(6)：73-78.
[22]曾国宏,郝荣泰.采用有源滤波器实现平衡变换的供电系统研究[J].铁道学报,2003,25(1)：48-53.
[23]曾国宏,郝荣泰.基于有源滤波器和阻抗匹配平衡变压器的同相供电系统[J].铁道学报,2003,25(3)：49-54.
[24]曾国宏,郝荣泰.基于有源滤波器和斯科特变压器的同相供电系统[J].北方交通大学学报,2003,27(4)：84-90.
[25]Zhou fulin, Li Qunzhan, Qiu Daqiang. Co-phased Traction Power System Based on Balanced Transformer and Hybrid Compensation.Power and Energy Engineering Conference(APPEEC),2010:1-4.
[26]Rukonuzzaman M, Nakaoka M. Single-phase Shunt Active Power Filter with Knowledg-Based Harmonic Detection Algorithm[A]. In:Proceedings of the power Conversion Conference[C]. PCC-Osaka,2002:778-783.
[27]S.T.Senini, P.J.Wolfs. Novel Topology For Correction of Unbalance Load In Single Phase Electric Traction Systems. IEEE 33rd Annual Power Electrionics Specialist Conference, Australia,2002:1208-1212.
[28]杨君,王兆安,邱关源.不对称三相电路谐波及基波负序电流实时检测方法研究[J].西安交通大学学报,1996,30(3)：94-100.
[29]杨万开,肖湘宁,杨以涵.不对称三相电路谐波和负序电流的实时检测方法[J].现代电力,1997,14(3)：27-32.
[30]张明江等.三相不平衡与无功功率的综合补偿方法[J].电网技术,2008,6：20-23.
[31]韩学军等.综合补偿三相不平衡负载的研究[J].电网技术,2006,10：288-291.
[32]Wetzel F R. A Single Phase Load from a Three Phase Source with Balanced Line Currents.IEEE IAS Meeting,1981:14-17
[33]Arai K. Balancing Circuit for Single Phase Load with Scalene Scott Connection Transformer[J]. Railway Technical Research Institute Quarterly Report,1981,(1).
[34]孙驰,魏光辉,毕增军.基于同相坐标变换的三相不对称系统的无功和谐波电流的检测[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(12)：43-48.
[35]蒋寿生,周有庆,罗信芝等.Y/>△平衡变压器输入阻抗平衡的研究[J].变压器,2001,38(2)：1-3.
[36]刘光晔,周有庆,姚建刚.新型平衡变压器的平衡条件及等值电路研究[J].中国电机工程学报,1999,19(4)：84-88.
[37]严云生.电力机车自动过分相方案的探讨[J].机车电传动,1996,(4)：1-3.
[38]荣飞,罗安,范卿.一种序分量检测新方法[J].电工电能新技术,2008,27(1)：35-39.
[39]杨杰,赖声礼,吴淑泉.一种改进的三相电路谐波和负序电流检测方法研究[J].华北电力技术,2002,(12)：10-12.
[40]张志文,刘福生,熊芝耀,罗隆福.阻抗匹配平衡变压器的电能变换和运行计算[J].电工技术学报,2000,15(2)：6-11.
[41]Fryze S. Active, reactive and appparent power in circuits with nonsinusoidal voltage and current. (in Polish) Przegl. Elektortech,1931, (7):193-203.
[42]任永锋,李含寿,贺刚等.两种单相电路瞬时谐波及无功电流实时检测方法分析[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2003,15(1)：95-98.
[43]薛定宇,陈阳泉.基于Matlab/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2003.
[44]范影乐,杨胜天,李轶.MATLAB仿真应用详解[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2001.
[45]吴天明,赵新力,刘建存.MATLAB电力系统设计与分析[M].国防工业出版社,2007.
[46]王兆安,杨军,刘进军.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿[M].北京：机械工业出版社,中国,2002.
[47]于庆光,付之宝.电能质量指标及其算法的研究[J].电力电子技术,2007,41(1)：10-12.
[48]温建民.宜万线牵引变电所无功补偿方案研究[J].铁道工程学报,2006,02：74-78.
[49]施汉基.三相不对称负荷的无功功率对称化补偿[J].电网技术,1998.2：40-43.