NaCl胁迫对沙芥属植物幼苗不同生长期生理基础的影响
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摘要
我国的西部地区存有大面积的盐碱地,利用盐渍土地和开发盐水灌溉的农业,是我国西部农业发展的主题。随着工业污染的加重,化肥的使用不当,灌溉地面积的增加等问题,使土壤盐渍化问题日趋增加。保护地棚室内的土壤环境条件是密闭的,受不到降雨的冲洗,使土壤盐碱化,因而在设施园艺栽培中也存在着很强的土壤盐渍化问题。沙芥属植物主要生长在我国西部的沙区,是在我国西部的沙区生长的重要野生蔬菜,且沙芥具有菜用、药用、饲用和防风固沙等多种功能,所以对沙芥属植物利用盐渍土地和盐水灌溉进行栽培研究,对西部的沙区的生态环境有着及其深远的意义。所以本研究以沙芥和斧翅沙芥为材料,研究了NaCl胁迫对沙芥属植物幼苗生理基础的影响,得出如下结果:
1 NaCl胁迫下,不同生长期沙芥与斧翅沙芥幼苗的高度、叶片长度、地上部鲜重和地下部鲜重均受到抑制,而且这种抑制作用具有浓度依赖性。当用浓度为100mmol/LNaCl溶液处理时,沙芥和斧翅沙芥幼苗的生长状况与对照相比影响不大有时还促进,说明沙芥和斧翅沙芥幼苗对NaCl胁迫有调节、适应和缓冲能力;而之后随NaCl浓度的增加,胁迫严重影响了沙芥和斧翅沙芥幼苗的的正常生长。
2浓度在500mmol/LNaCl溶液的范围内,随NaCl浓度的增加,不同生长期沙芥和斧翅沙芥幼苗叶片细胞膜相对透性、MDA含量、脯氨酸含量逐渐增大;SOD、CAT、POD活性均呈先升后降的变化趋势;叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量,随NaCl浓度的增加而下降。
以上结果表明:沙芥和斧翅沙芥植株幼苗具有一定的耐盐能力,能成为盐碱地生产和盐水灌溉的生态蔬菜。通过研究沙芥属植物幼苗对NaCl胁迫的应答机理,为沙芥属植物的盐碱地栽培和盐咸水灌溉提供理论依据,同时为在盐渍化土地上人工栽培沙芥属植物提供理论指导,实现西部农业的可持续发展。
Our country's western area has the big area saline and alkali land, the use pickling land and the development salt water irrigation agriculture, is west our country the agricultural development subject. Along with industrial pollution's aggravation, the chemical fertilizer use is improper, the irrigation area increases and so on questions, makes the soil salinification question to increase day by day. The protectorate awning indoor soil environment condition is airtight, the rainfall flushing, causes the salting of soil, thus also has the very strong soil salinification problem in the installation horticulture cultivation. Pugionium Gaertn. the plant main growth in our country western desert region, is the important wild vegetables which grows in our country western desert region, and the sand mustard has the vegetable with, for medicinal purposes, to raise with the windproof solid sand and so on many kinds of functions, therefore the plant conducts the cultivation research to Pugionium Gaertn.using the pickling land and the salt water irrigation, has and the profound significance to the western desert region's ecological environment. Therefore this research by P. cornutum(L.)Gaertn and P.dolabratum Maxim the material, has studied the NaCl coercion to Pugionium Gaertn. the plant seedling physiology foundation influence, obtains the following result:
1 NaCl coercion, different vegetal period P. cornutum(L.)Gaertn and P.dolabratum Maxim sand mustard seedling highly, the blade length, upside lower part the fresh weight and the place the fresh weight receives suppresses, moreover this kind of inhibitory action has the density dependence. When with the density is the 100mmol/LNaCl solution treatment, greatly sometimes P. cornutum(L.)Gaertn and P.dolabratum Maxim sand mustard seedling's growth condition and the comparison compare the influence not also to promote, to show that P. cornutum(L.)Gaertn and P.dolabratum Maxim sand mustard seedling has the adjustment, the adaptation and buffer capacity to the NaCl coercion; But afterward along with NaCl density increase, coercion serious influence P. cornutum(L.)Gaertn and P.dolabratum Maxim sand mustard seedling normal growth.
2 densities in the 500mmol/LNaCl solution's scope, along with NaCl density's increase, different vegetal period P. cornutum(L.)Gaertn and P.dolabratum Maxim sand mustard seedling leaf blade cell membrane relative penetrability, the MDA content, the proline content increase gradually; The change tendency which after SOD, CAT, the POD activeness assumes rises, to fall first; The leaf blade relative water content, the chlorophyll content, increase along with the NaCl density drop.
The above result indicated: P. cornutum(L.)Gaertn and P.dolabratum Maxim sand mustard adult plant seedling has certainly certainly bears the salty ability, can become the saline and alkali land production and the salt water irrigation ecology vegetables. Through studies Pugionium Gaertn.the plant seedling to the NaCl coercion reply mechanism, plant's saline and alkali land cultivation and the salty salty water irrigation provides the theory basis for Sha Jieshu, simultaneously for cultivates Pugionium Gaertn.on the salinified land the plant to provide the theory instruction artificially, realizes the western agricultural sustainable development.
1 NaCl胁迫下,不同生长期沙芥与斧翅沙芥幼苗的高度、叶片长度、地上部鲜重和地下部鲜重均受到抑制,而且这种抑制作用具有浓度依赖性。当用浓度为100mmol/LNaCl溶液处理时,沙芥和斧翅沙芥幼苗的生长状况与对照相比影响不大有时还促进,说明沙芥和斧翅沙芥幼苗对NaCl胁迫有调节、适应和缓冲能力;而之后随NaCl浓度的增加,胁迫严重影响了沙芥和斧翅沙芥幼苗的的正常生长。
2浓度在500mmol/LNaCl溶液的范围内,随NaCl浓度的增加,不同生长期沙芥和斧翅沙芥幼苗叶片细胞膜相对透性、MDA含量、脯氨酸含量逐渐增大;SOD、CAT、POD活性均呈先升后降的变化趋势;叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量,随NaCl浓度的增加而下降。
以上结果表明:沙芥和斧翅沙芥植株幼苗具有一定的耐盐能力,能成为盐碱地生产和盐水灌溉的生态蔬菜。通过研究沙芥属植物幼苗对NaCl胁迫的应答机理,为沙芥属植物的盐碱地栽培和盐咸水灌溉提供理论依据,同时为在盐渍化土地上人工栽培沙芥属植物提供理论指导,实现西部农业的可持续发展。
Our country's western area has the big area saline and alkali land, the use pickling land and the development salt water irrigation agriculture, is west our country the agricultural development subject. Along with industrial pollution's aggravation, the chemical fertilizer use is improper, the irrigation area increases and so on questions, makes the soil salinification question to increase day by day. The protectorate awning indoor soil environment condition is airtight, the rainfall flushing, causes the salting of soil, thus also has the very strong soil salinification problem in the installation horticulture cultivation. Pugionium Gaertn. the plant main growth in our country western desert region, is the important wild vegetables which grows in our country western desert region, and the sand mustard has the vegetable with, for medicinal purposes, to raise with the windproof solid sand and so on many kinds of functions, therefore the plant conducts the cultivation research to Pugionium Gaertn.using the pickling land and the salt water irrigation, has and the profound significance to the western desert region's ecological environment. Therefore this research by P. cornutum(L.)Gaertn and P.dolabratum Maxim the material, has studied the NaCl coercion to Pugionium Gaertn. the plant seedling physiology foundation influence, obtains the following result:
1 NaCl coercion, different vegetal period P. cornutum(L.)Gaertn and P.dolabratum Maxim sand mustard seedling highly, the blade length, upside lower part the fresh weight and the place the fresh weight receives suppresses, moreover this kind of inhibitory action has the density dependence. When with the density is the 100mmol/LNaCl solution treatment, greatly sometimes P. cornutum(L.)Gaertn and P.dolabratum Maxim sand mustard seedling's growth condition and the comparison compare the influence not also to promote, to show that P. cornutum(L.)Gaertn and P.dolabratum Maxim sand mustard seedling has the adjustment, the adaptation and buffer capacity to the NaCl coercion; But afterward along with NaCl density increase, coercion serious influence P. cornutum(L.)Gaertn and P.dolabratum Maxim sand mustard seedling normal growth.
2 densities in the 500mmol/LNaCl solution's scope, along with NaCl density's increase, different vegetal period P. cornutum(L.)Gaertn and P.dolabratum Maxim sand mustard seedling leaf blade cell membrane relative penetrability, the MDA content, the proline content increase gradually; The change tendency which after SOD, CAT, the POD activeness assumes rises, to fall first; The leaf blade relative water content, the chlorophyll content, increase along with the NaCl density drop.
The above result indicated: P. cornutum(L.)Gaertn and P.dolabratum Maxim sand mustard adult plant seedling has certainly certainly bears the salty ability, can become the saline and alkali land production and the salt water irrigation ecology vegetables. Through studies Pugionium Gaertn.the plant seedling to the NaCl coercion reply mechanism, plant's saline and alkali land cultivation and the salty salty water irrigation provides the theory basis for Sha Jieshu, simultaneously for cultivates Pugionium Gaertn.on the salinified land the plant to provide the theory instruction artificially, realizes the western agricultural sustainable development.
引文
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58汤章诚.逆境下植物脯氨酸的累积及其可能意义[J].植物生理学通讯, 1984, (4): 6～10
2张秀伏.宽翅沙芥的订正.植物分类学报,1995,33(5):502
3关克俭.中国植物志[M].第三十三卷.北京:科学出版社,1987:67～71
4杨喜林.中国荒漠十字花科几种植物的研究.植物分类学报,1981,19(2):238～240
5周世权,蓝登明.沙芥属植物的分类.内蒙古林学院学报(自然科学版),1998,20(3):29～
6马毓泉.内蒙古植物志第二卷(第二版),呼和浩特;内蒙古人民出版社,1990,612～616 31
7赵一之.蒙古高原植物的特有属及其基本特征.内蒙古大学学报,1997,28(4):548～550
8吴征镒.中国种子植物的分布区类型[J],云南植物研究,1991,增刊4:108
9赵献瑛.内蒙古植被[M].北京:科学出版社,1985:105～107
10 Munns R. Physiological processes limiting plant growth in saline soils: some dogmas and hypotheses [J]. Plant Cell Environ, 1993, 16: 15～24
11 Sultana N,Ikeda T, Itoh R.Effect of NaCl salinity on photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation in developing rice grain [J]. Environ Exp Bot, 1999, 42: 211～220
12张淑红,张恩平,庞金安,马德华,司龙亭. NaCl胁迫对黄瓜幼苗光合特性及水分利用率的影响[J].中国蔬菜, 2005, (1): 11～13
13赵可夫.植物抗盐生理[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社, 1993
14朱新广,张其德. NaCl对光合作用影响的研究进展[J].植物学通报, 1999, 16(4): 332～338
15梁海永,李会平,杨敏生,郑均宝. NaCl胁迫对毛白杨试管小植株叶片离子吸收及荧光诱导动力学参数的影响[J].河北林果研究, 1999, 14(3): 199～202
16朱新广,王强,张其德,卢从明,匡廷云.冬小麦光合功能对盐胁迫的响应[J].植物营养与肥料学, 2002, 8(2): 177～180
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