矿山废弃地景观规划的方法体系研究
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摘要
随着工业化与城市化的快速发展,人类对能源的需求进一步扩大,而矿产资源是能源的主要来源之一。由于盲目开采造成的废弃地已成为导致生态环境恶化,制约区域经济可持续发展的主要因素之一,因此对废弃地进行合理的环境治理及景观规划势在必行。本文在详细研究了景观规划的理论、研究现状及发展趋势的基础上,系统地对国内外相关模型方法进行了论述,并针对矿山废弃地这一特殊的景观类型,提出了景观用地规划的方法框架和总体方案,以利于宏观上设计出合理的景观格局,微观上创造出适合的生态条件,实现景观重建和土地利用优化的目标。
针对矿山废弃地景观的复杂性与多样性的特点,本文提出了矿山废弃地景观规划的方法框架:采用卫星图片、地质部门的基础数据,利用地理信息系统(GIS)对矿区现状进行综合分析,并在此基础上对拟建设的景观格局进行功能区的划分,提出相应的环境治理及恢复方案;接着采用层次分析法(AHP)和GIS整合模型进行景观用地适宜性评价,并运用环境经济学的理论对规划方案进行成本—效益分析;最后,将所提出的方法框架和评价模型应用于石家庄西部矿区景观规划的研究中,从景观格局、施工方案、经济效益及生态效益四个方面,提出废弃地景观规划的总体方案。
案例研究表明,本文所提出的方案框架和评价模型具有一定的理论意义和应用价值,系统地解决了矿山废弃地景观规划所存在的主要问题,实现了经济效益、文化效益及生态效益的统一,并可为相关研究提供参考。
With the development of industrialization and urbanization, energy sources which mainly made from mining resource are desperately in demanding. However, the striking expansion of abandoned land and eco-environmental degradation resulting from blindly exploration increasingly restrict sustainable development of regional social economy. So reasonable environmental rehabilitation and landscape planning are imperative under this situation. Based on a systematic review on the domestic and foreign studies on the concepts, theories, methods and research trends concerning landscape planning, this paper explores the specific landscape qualities in mining area, aims to find a methodological framework and a total solution, and to design reasonable landscape patterns in macro scale as well as create suitable eco-condition in micro scale. The ultimate purpose is to realize landscape rehabilitation and optimal allocation of land use in mining area.
After identifying the complexity and diversity of landscape patterns in mining area, a methodological framework of landscape planning, which is designed specially, is put forward. In this framework, the status quo in mining area is analyzed by using satellite pictures, basic data from local geological institution and GIS technology. Based on this, proposal landscape functional areas are divided according to different landscape patterns. Meanwhile, the corresponding landscape rehabilitation project is designed. Then AHP and GIS are integrated to evaluate land use suitability for a certain landscape function. At last, the cost-and-benefit analysis model is studied based on the theory of environmental economics. In the final analysis of the paper, this framework and models are applied in a case study in Shijiazhuang mining area. From four perspectives--including landscape pattern, engineering construction method, ecological benefit as well as economic benefit, an integrated scheme is decided.
Generally speaking, the whole framework and models have obviously theoretical and practical meaning. They properly solve the main problems related with mining area landscape planning and realize the unification of economic, cultural and ecological benefit. This paper could be possibly used as reference for further similar research.
针对矿山废弃地景观的复杂性与多样性的特点,本文提出了矿山废弃地景观规划的方法框架:采用卫星图片、地质部门的基础数据,利用地理信息系统(GIS)对矿区现状进行综合分析,并在此基础上对拟建设的景观格局进行功能区的划分,提出相应的环境治理及恢复方案;接着采用层次分析法(AHP)和GIS整合模型进行景观用地适宜性评价,并运用环境经济学的理论对规划方案进行成本—效益分析;最后,将所提出的方法框架和评价模型应用于石家庄西部矿区景观规划的研究中,从景观格局、施工方案、经济效益及生态效益四个方面,提出废弃地景观规划的总体方案。
案例研究表明,本文所提出的方案框架和评价模型具有一定的理论意义和应用价值,系统地解决了矿山废弃地景观规划所存在的主要问题,实现了经济效益、文化效益及生态效益的统一,并可为相关研究提供参考。
With the development of industrialization and urbanization, energy sources which mainly made from mining resource are desperately in demanding. However, the striking expansion of abandoned land and eco-environmental degradation resulting from blindly exploration increasingly restrict sustainable development of regional social economy. So reasonable environmental rehabilitation and landscape planning are imperative under this situation. Based on a systematic review on the domestic and foreign studies on the concepts, theories, methods and research trends concerning landscape planning, this paper explores the specific landscape qualities in mining area, aims to find a methodological framework and a total solution, and to design reasonable landscape patterns in macro scale as well as create suitable eco-condition in micro scale. The ultimate purpose is to realize landscape rehabilitation and optimal allocation of land use in mining area.
After identifying the complexity and diversity of landscape patterns in mining area, a methodological framework of landscape planning, which is designed specially, is put forward. In this framework, the status quo in mining area is analyzed by using satellite pictures, basic data from local geological institution and GIS technology. Based on this, proposal landscape functional areas are divided according to different landscape patterns. Meanwhile, the corresponding landscape rehabilitation project is designed. Then AHP and GIS are integrated to evaluate land use suitability for a certain landscape function. At last, the cost-and-benefit analysis model is studied based on the theory of environmental economics. In the final analysis of the paper, this framework and models are applied in a case study in Shijiazhuang mining area. From four perspectives--including landscape pattern, engineering construction method, ecological benefit as well as economic benefit, an integrated scheme is decided.
Generally speaking, the whole framework and models have obviously theoretical and practical meaning. They properly solve the main problems related with mining area landscape planning and realize the unification of economic, cultural and ecological benefit. This paper could be possibly used as reference for further similar research.
引文
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[6]李秀玲,基于MapGis天津市矿山地质环境现状评价,中国地质灾害与防治学报,2007,3(18)
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[12] FrohnRC. Remote Sensing for landscape ecology, New York: CRC Press,1998
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[16]刘彦随,区域土地利用系统优化调控机理与模式,资源科学,1999,2(4):60-65
[17]朱强、黄丽玲、俞孔坚,设计如何遵从自然—《景观规划环境学途径》评介,Landscape Architecture Theory, 2006:95-98
[18]肖笃宁等.当代景观生态学的进展和展望.地理科学.1997,17(4):182—185;
[19]傅伯杰,景观多样性的类型及其生态意义,地理学报,1996,51(5):454-462
[20]肖笃宁,钟林生.景观的分类与评价的生态原则[J].应用生态学报,1998,49(2):217～221
[21] March William M, Landscape Planning: Environmental Application, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2005
[22]倪绍祥,近十年来中国土地评价研究的进展,自然资源学报,2003(6):672-683
[23]邬建国,景观生态学-概念与理论,生态学杂志,2000,19(1):42-52
[24]赵珂,吴克宁,土地生态适宜性评价在土地利用规划环境影响评价中的应用—以安阳市为例,农业资源与环境科学,2007(6):586-589
[25] Taylor N, Urban Planning Theory Since 1945, SAGE Publication, London, 1998
[26] Li Tan-sheng, Xiao Du-ning, Urban Landscape Structure Analysis of Shenyang City, Scientia Geographical Sinica, 2002,22(6):717-723(Ch)
[27] Campbell,J.C. and Radke,J., An application of linear programming and geographic information system: Cropland allocation in Antigua, Environment and Planning A., 1992,24(4):535-549
[28]肖乐斌,GIS空间概念模型的研究,中国地理信息系统协会20年年论文集。2001:236—241
[29]袁吟欢,基于遥感数据源的景观分析系统的设计与实现,应用生态学报,2000,11(6):927—930
[30]杜明义,基于RS、GIS的土地荒漠化时空演变规律及其生态景观重构策略,水土保持学报,2001,15(3):61—64
[31]黄俊芳,基于RS与GIS的三工河流域生态景观格局分析,干旱区研究,2004,21(1):33—37.
[32]全斌,基于GIS和RS的晋江市土地利用变化与可持续利用研究,生态环境,2003,l2(4):423—426
[33]王玉梅,呼和浩特城市景观生态格局分析,干旱区资源与环境.2004,18(2):92—95
[34]杨国靖,基于GIS的祁连山森林景观格局分析,干旱区研究,2004,21(1):27—32
[35]左伟,基于GIS的小流域单元景观结构指数信息提取方法.测绘通报,2003,9(11):49—50
[36]刘海斌,吴发启,基于GIS的黄土塬区村级土地生态规划设计,西北农林科技大学学报,2007,1(35)
[37]郑新奇,基于RS与GIS的区域生态环境质量综合评价研究—以山东省为例,环境科学学报,2000,20(4):489—493
[38] Luque SS, Evaluating temporal changes using Multi-Spectral Scanner and Thematic Mapper data on the landscape of a nature reserve: the New Jersey Pine Barrens, a case study, .Remote Sensing, 2000, 121(13): 2589—2611
[39] SeixasJ., Assessing heterogeneity from remote sensing images: the case of desertification in southern Portugal, Remote Sensing, 2000, 21(13):2645一2663
[40] A.L.Maclean, Using GIS to estimate forest resource changes Journal of Forestry, 1992, (12): 2226
[41] Plyusnin M. A remote sensing—based assessment of landscape modification in East Siberia, Mapping Science sand Remote Sensing,1995,31(1): 9—20
[42] K. Green, Vegetation mapping and stand delineation in the pacific Northeast. ERDAS Inc., Atlanta, GA.ERDAS Apr. 7. 1990
[43] Lyon JG., MeCarthyJ., Wetland and Environmental Applications of GIS New York: Lewis Publishers, 1995
[44] GulinekH,etal., Landscape structure analysis of central Belgium using SPOT data, Landscape ecology and geographic information system, London: Taylor & Franeis, 1993, 129—139
[45]俞孔坚,李迪华,论“反规划”,北京大学景观设计学研究院专版,2005,26(9):64-68
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