机场摆渡车动力传动系统的优化匹配研究
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摘要
机场摆渡车传动系的匹配对整车的动力性和燃油经济性有很大的影响,故传动系参数的确定成为机场摆渡车设计中一个重要的组成部分。为提高设计质量,缩短研制周期,将优化规划理论引入到机场摆渡车传动系参数设计当中,以实现发动机与传动系的最佳匹配,达到充分发挥整车性能的目的。
本文对机场摆渡车的动力性与燃油经济性评价指标进行了论述和分析,并提出了一套综合评价动力性燃油经济性的指标体系,这些评价指标更好地反映了机场摆渡车动力性、燃油经济性的发挥程度。建立了发动机数学模型和传动系数学模型,总结出便于计算机实现的汽车动力性和燃油经济性评价指标的模拟计算方法。在此基础之上,基于优化设计的理论,以原地起步连续换挡加速时间和多工况循环使用油耗作为衡量动力性和燃油经济性的两个分目标,采用线性加权组合的方法将其转换成单一目标函数,建立了机场摆渡车的动力传动系优化数学模型,并选用合适的优化算法对其进行求解。
基于Matlab编写了动力性、燃油经济性及传动系参数优化仿真程序。对机场摆渡车的各项性能指标进行了计算,并对其传动系参数进行了优化设计,优化前后整车性能对比分析结果显示,机场摆渡车的整车性能达到了设计要求。
计算机模拟计算法为汽车动力性和燃料经济性的预测提供了有效而准确的工具,同传统的设计方法相比有明显的优势,可以大大地提高设计效率,缩短开发周期,降低产品开发成本,能够根据预定的性能指标和技术要求找出较佳的设计参数。
The power transmission has great influence on the airport apron bus’s power performance and economy performance, so its parameter is very important in the design of the airport apron bus. in order to enhance quality and shorten the development cycle, the optimization theory is used in the design of the power transmission in order to improve the performance of the airport apron bus.
Firstly, the paper discusses the evaluation of the airport apron bus’s power performance and the economy performance, and investigates a series of comparable evaluation that estimate the airport apron bus’s power performance and economy performance synthetically. They evince the potency and the way to improve the power performance and the economy performance. Establish the model of the engine and power transmission, then summarizes the calculating methods of the power performance and the economy performance, which can be realized by the computer easily. Based on this, uses the origin underway accelerate time and the oil consumption at the cycle of multi-working conditions as the objective functions of the power performance and the economy performance respectively,and then transforms it into a single objective function by using the linear adding. Establishing the optimization mathematical model between the engine and the power transmission, lastly, solves it with the complex algorithm, which finding out the prime parameter of the power train to improve the integer performance of the airport apron bus.
Uses Matlab as a tool to compile procedures of power performance and economy performance and optimization, uses them to calculate the power performance and the economy performance of the the airport apron bus, and optimize the power transmission, the whole performance after optimization satisfies the demands.
The way of computer simulation calculation provides an effective and accurate tool for forecast of automobile power performance and fuel economy, and has obvious advantages comparing to the traditional design way. It can greatly improve design efficiency and shorten the development cycle and reduce the cost of product development, and preferably identify the design parameters according to his performance and technical requirements.
本文对机场摆渡车的动力性与燃油经济性评价指标进行了论述和分析,并提出了一套综合评价动力性燃油经济性的指标体系,这些评价指标更好地反映了机场摆渡车动力性、燃油经济性的发挥程度。建立了发动机数学模型和传动系数学模型,总结出便于计算机实现的汽车动力性和燃油经济性评价指标的模拟计算方法。在此基础之上,基于优化设计的理论,以原地起步连续换挡加速时间和多工况循环使用油耗作为衡量动力性和燃油经济性的两个分目标,采用线性加权组合的方法将其转换成单一目标函数,建立了机场摆渡车的动力传动系优化数学模型,并选用合适的优化算法对其进行求解。
基于Matlab编写了动力性、燃油经济性及传动系参数优化仿真程序。对机场摆渡车的各项性能指标进行了计算,并对其传动系参数进行了优化设计,优化前后整车性能对比分析结果显示,机场摆渡车的整车性能达到了设计要求。
计算机模拟计算法为汽车动力性和燃料经济性的预测提供了有效而准确的工具,同传统的设计方法相比有明显的优势,可以大大地提高设计效率,缩短开发周期,降低产品开发成本,能够根据预定的性能指标和技术要求找出较佳的设计参数。
The power transmission has great influence on the airport apron bus’s power performance and economy performance, so its parameter is very important in the design of the airport apron bus. in order to enhance quality and shorten the development cycle, the optimization theory is used in the design of the power transmission in order to improve the performance of the airport apron bus.
Firstly, the paper discusses the evaluation of the airport apron bus’s power performance and the economy performance, and investigates a series of comparable evaluation that estimate the airport apron bus’s power performance and economy performance synthetically. They evince the potency and the way to improve the power performance and the economy performance. Establish the model of the engine and power transmission, then summarizes the calculating methods of the power performance and the economy performance, which can be realized by the computer easily. Based on this, uses the origin underway accelerate time and the oil consumption at the cycle of multi-working conditions as the objective functions of the power performance and the economy performance respectively,and then transforms it into a single objective function by using the linear adding. Establishing the optimization mathematical model between the engine and the power transmission, lastly, solves it with the complex algorithm, which finding out the prime parameter of the power train to improve the integer performance of the airport apron bus.
Uses Matlab as a tool to compile procedures of power performance and economy performance and optimization, uses them to calculate the power performance and the economy performance of the the airport apron bus, and optimize the power transmission, the whole performance after optimization satisfies the demands.
The way of computer simulation calculation provides an effective and accurate tool for forecast of automobile power performance and fuel economy, and has obvious advantages comparing to the traditional design way. It can greatly improve design efficiency and shorten the development cycle and reduce the cost of product development, and preferably identify the design parameters according to his performance and technical requirements.
引文
1何仁,刘星荣等.汽车动力传动系统最优匹配的研究和发展.江苏理工大学学报. 1998, 18(1):37~41
2 Nobuo Iwai. Analysis on fuel economy and advanced systems of hybrid vehicles. JSAE Review, 1999, 4(2): 3~11
3张京明,周金宝.汽车动力性燃油经济性的综合评价.汽车工程. 1996,18(1):51~54
4 John M Decicco.Projected fuel savings and emissions reductions from light-vehicle fuel economy standards.Transportation Research Part A:Policy and Practice. 1995, 5(3): 205~228
5 Shiiba. Taichi, Suda.Yoshihiro. Development of driving simulator with full vehicle model of multibody dynamics. JSAE Review. 2002, 4(2): 23~30
6 Akiyama. Keyu. Kikuchi.Takashi, Sugiyama.Shinichi.Gasoline Engine Oil Durability on Fuel Economy Improvement Performance. JSAE Review.1995. 7(3): 319
7何仁,王建峰.汽车动力传动系统合理配备的实用方法.中国公路学报. 2000,1(1):100~108
8 Rubin.Jonathan, Leiby.Paul.An analysis of alternative fuel credit provisions of US automotive fuel economy standards.Energy Policy. 2000, 7(9):589~601
9张学利,何勇.在用汽车传动系阻力的研究.公路交通科技. 2001, 6(3):91~93
10 Decicco.John, Ross.Marc.Recent advances in automotive technology and thecost-effectiveness of fuel economy improvement. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 1996, 12(2): 79~96
11 Plotkin.Steven E, Greene.david.Prospects for improving the fuel economy of light-duty vehicles.Energy Policy, 1997, 12(14): 179~188
12何仁著.汽车动力燃料经济性模拟计算方法及应用.北京:机械工业出版社, 1995:40~45
13苏琴.发动机与汽车动力性燃料经济性匹配的模拟计算.河北工业大学硕士学位论文. 2000,3:15~19
14张大壮,江辉.仿真技术在汽车传动系参数优化设计中的应用.汽车技术. 1990,12:1~9
15刘学琼.增压柴油发动机与整车的匹配.商用汽车. 2002(1):35~39
16 R. W. Zub, R. G. Colello, Effect of Vehicle Design Variables on Top Speed Performance and Fuel Economy. 2003, 4(1):66~67
17 American Council for an Energy-efficient Economy. Vehicle Fuel Economy Standards Big at a Modest Cost. http: //www. acee-e. org/energy/café. htm
18周祥轶.玉柴YC4W型柴油机与威乐底盘整车性能匹配分析.吉林大学硕士学位论文. 2006:32~51
19余志生.汽车理论.北京:机械工业出版社, 1997:1~66
20马骏,马厂发,卫修敬等.汽车工程手册(试验篇).北京:人民交通出版社, 2001:189~199
21刘惟信,戈平.汽车发动机与传动系参数最优化匹配的研究.汽车工程. 1991,(1):35~42
22岳惊涛,廖苓平,彭莫.汽车动力系统的合理匹配评价.汽车工程. 2004(1): 58~62
23何仁,高宗英.汽车传动系最优匹配评价指标的探讨.汽车工程. 1996(1):41~43
24 Ren.Weiping.A vehicle transactions choice model for use in forecasting vehicle demand for alternative-fuel vehicles conditioned on current vehicle holdings. Transportation Research Part A:Policy and Practice. 1997. 1(1): 56~57
25宋宝玉,任秉银.汽车传动系参数优化设计系统的研究.哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2001,33(2):179~182
26庄志.发动机使用外特性曲线的一种拟合方法.客车技术, 2002, (2):24~25
27滕艳琼,王艳,陈富国.最小二乘法在计算汽车动力性中的应用.公路交通科技. 2001,16(1):64~67
28 Zheng Shixiong, Lin Yiqing. Multi-agent system used in the generalized optimization technique of man-machine integration. Journal of South China University of Technology, 1999, 27(4): 65~68
29 Power. William f, Nicastri. Paul R. Automotive vehicle control challenges in the 21stP Pcentury. Control Engineering Practice, 2000, 6(6): 605-618
30张大壮,唐志强,张东业等.汽车动力性燃料经济性通用模拟程序.汽车工程. 1985,(3):12~15
31 Wenz1.T.B, Kriebel.D, Eisen.E.A.Magnetic field exposures in an automobile transmission plant. Occupational Health and Industrial Medicine, 1997, (2): 32~36
32 Mizsey.Peter, Newson.Esmond.Comparison of different vehicle power trains. Journal of Power sources, 2001,12(2):205~209
33李峰.汽车动力传动系统控制最优化模拟研究.山东工程学院学报. 2002, 9(3):22~27
34李东祥.汽车动力性能的计算机模拟及其传动系参数的选择.湖南交通科技. 2000,3(l):51~65
35葛安林.离合器最佳接合规律研讨.汽车工程. 1998,(1):18~22
36 Luc Pelkams, Dirk De Keukeleere, et al. Influence of Vehicle Test Cycle Characteristics on Fuel Consumption and Emission of City Buses. 2002, 5(2): 38~39
37 Luc Pelkams, Dirk De Keukeleere, et al. Influence of Vehicle Test Cycle Characteristics on Fuel Consumption and Emission of City Buses. 2003, 2(1): 33~34
38李英平.摩托车动力经济性的计算机模拟及其传动系的优化.吉林大学硕士学位论文. 2002:42~44
39张学利,何勇.在用汽车传动系阻力的研究.公路交通科技. 2001,6(3):91~93
40 Decicco. John,Ross. Marc. Recent advances in automotive technology and the cost-effectiveness of fuel economy improvement. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 1996, 12(2): 79~96
41汪树玉,刘国华,包志任.结构优化设计的现状与进展.基建优化. 1999,20(5):3~7
42丁能根,蒋孝煜.汽车传动参数的模糊优化设计.清华大学学报. 1997,37(11):123~126
43 Willian C. Waters, General Purpose Automotive Vehicle Performance and Economy Simulator. 2001,6(3):74~75
44 L. T. Wong, Power-train Matching for Better Fuel Economy, SAE79~80
45 R. W. Zub, R. G. Colello,Effect of Vehicle Design Variables on Top SpeedPerformance and Fuel Economy. 2003, 4(1): 66~67
46黄少昌.计算机辅助机械设计技术基础.北京:消华大学出版社, 1988, (2):32~37
47张宝生,李杰,林明芳.汽车优化理论与方法.北京:机械工业出版社, 2000, 9(3):75~79
48 Lin Gan.Globalization of the automobile industry in China. dynamics and barriers in greening of the road transportation.Energy Policy, 2003,5(6):537~551
49马庆龙.汽车传动系参数优化及软件开发. [燕山大学硕士学位论文].燕山:燕山大学. 2004:44~46
50王薇.汽车传动系计算仿真及参数优化设计. [湖南大学硕士学位论文].湖南:湖南大学, 2006:42~52
51何峰,杨宁编.汽车动力学.贵州科技出版社, 2003:15~42
52孙靖民.机械优化设计.北京:机械工业出版社, 1990:1~20
53何强,何英. MATLAB扩展编程.北京:清华大学出版社, 2002:15~42
54 Edward B. Magrab等编著. MATLAB原理与工程应用.北京:电子工业出版社, 2002:150~163
2 Nobuo Iwai. Analysis on fuel economy and advanced systems of hybrid vehicles. JSAE Review, 1999, 4(2): 3~11
3张京明,周金宝.汽车动力性燃油经济性的综合评价.汽车工程. 1996,18(1):51~54
4 John M Decicco.Projected fuel savings and emissions reductions from light-vehicle fuel economy standards.Transportation Research Part A:Policy and Practice. 1995, 5(3): 205~228
5 Shiiba. Taichi, Suda.Yoshihiro. Development of driving simulator with full vehicle model of multibody dynamics. JSAE Review. 2002, 4(2): 23~30
6 Akiyama. Keyu. Kikuchi.Takashi, Sugiyama.Shinichi.Gasoline Engine Oil Durability on Fuel Economy Improvement Performance. JSAE Review.1995. 7(3): 319
7何仁,王建峰.汽车动力传动系统合理配备的实用方法.中国公路学报. 2000,1(1):100~108
8 Rubin.Jonathan, Leiby.Paul.An analysis of alternative fuel credit provisions of US automotive fuel economy standards.Energy Policy. 2000, 7(9):589~601
9张学利,何勇.在用汽车传动系阻力的研究.公路交通科技. 2001, 6(3):91~93
10 Decicco.John, Ross.Marc.Recent advances in automotive technology and thecost-effectiveness of fuel economy improvement. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 1996, 12(2): 79~96
11 Plotkin.Steven E, Greene.david.Prospects for improving the fuel economy of light-duty vehicles.Energy Policy, 1997, 12(14): 179~188
12何仁著.汽车动力燃料经济性模拟计算方法及应用.北京:机械工业出版社, 1995:40~45
13苏琴.发动机与汽车动力性燃料经济性匹配的模拟计算.河北工业大学硕士学位论文. 2000,3:15~19
14张大壮,江辉.仿真技术在汽车传动系参数优化设计中的应用.汽车技术. 1990,12:1~9
15刘学琼.增压柴油发动机与整车的匹配.商用汽车. 2002(1):35~39
16 R. W. Zub, R. G. Colello, Effect of Vehicle Design Variables on Top Speed Performance and Fuel Economy. 2003, 4(1):66~67
17 American Council for an Energy-efficient Economy. Vehicle Fuel Economy Standards Big at a Modest Cost. http: //www. acee-e. org/energy/café. htm
18周祥轶.玉柴YC4W型柴油机与威乐底盘整车性能匹配分析.吉林大学硕士学位论文. 2006:32~51
19余志生.汽车理论.北京:机械工业出版社, 1997:1~66
20马骏,马厂发,卫修敬等.汽车工程手册(试验篇).北京:人民交通出版社, 2001:189~199
21刘惟信,戈平.汽车发动机与传动系参数最优化匹配的研究.汽车工程. 1991,(1):35~42
22岳惊涛,廖苓平,彭莫.汽车动力系统的合理匹配评价.汽车工程. 2004(1): 58~62
23何仁,高宗英.汽车传动系最优匹配评价指标的探讨.汽车工程. 1996(1):41~43
24 Ren.Weiping.A vehicle transactions choice model for use in forecasting vehicle demand for alternative-fuel vehicles conditioned on current vehicle holdings. Transportation Research Part A:Policy and Practice. 1997. 1(1): 56~57
25宋宝玉,任秉银.汽车传动系参数优化设计系统的研究.哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2001,33(2):179~182
26庄志.发动机使用外特性曲线的一种拟合方法.客车技术, 2002, (2):24~25
27滕艳琼,王艳,陈富国.最小二乘法在计算汽车动力性中的应用.公路交通科技. 2001,16(1):64~67
28 Zheng Shixiong, Lin Yiqing. Multi-agent system used in the generalized optimization technique of man-machine integration. Journal of South China University of Technology, 1999, 27(4): 65~68
29 Power. William f, Nicastri. Paul R. Automotive vehicle control challenges in the 21stP Pcentury. Control Engineering Practice, 2000, 6(6): 605-618
30张大壮,唐志强,张东业等.汽车动力性燃料经济性通用模拟程序.汽车工程. 1985,(3):12~15
31 Wenz1.T.B, Kriebel.D, Eisen.E.A.Magnetic field exposures in an automobile transmission plant. Occupational Health and Industrial Medicine, 1997, (2): 32~36
32 Mizsey.Peter, Newson.Esmond.Comparison of different vehicle power trains. Journal of Power sources, 2001,12(2):205~209
33李峰.汽车动力传动系统控制最优化模拟研究.山东工程学院学报. 2002, 9(3):22~27
34李东祥.汽车动力性能的计算机模拟及其传动系参数的选择.湖南交通科技. 2000,3(l):51~65
35葛安林.离合器最佳接合规律研讨.汽车工程. 1998,(1):18~22
36 Luc Pelkams, Dirk De Keukeleere, et al. Influence of Vehicle Test Cycle Characteristics on Fuel Consumption and Emission of City Buses. 2002, 5(2): 38~39
37 Luc Pelkams, Dirk De Keukeleere, et al. Influence of Vehicle Test Cycle Characteristics on Fuel Consumption and Emission of City Buses. 2003, 2(1): 33~34
38李英平.摩托车动力经济性的计算机模拟及其传动系的优化.吉林大学硕士学位论文. 2002:42~44
39张学利,何勇.在用汽车传动系阻力的研究.公路交通科技. 2001,6(3):91~93
40 Decicco. John,Ross. Marc. Recent advances in automotive technology and the cost-effectiveness of fuel economy improvement. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 1996, 12(2): 79~96
41汪树玉,刘国华,包志任.结构优化设计的现状与进展.基建优化. 1999,20(5):3~7
42丁能根,蒋孝煜.汽车传动参数的模糊优化设计.清华大学学报. 1997,37(11):123~126
43 Willian C. Waters, General Purpose Automotive Vehicle Performance and Economy Simulator. 2001,6(3):74~75
44 L. T. Wong, Power-train Matching for Better Fuel Economy, SAE79~80
45 R. W. Zub, R. G. Colello,Effect of Vehicle Design Variables on Top SpeedPerformance and Fuel Economy. 2003, 4(1): 66~67
46黄少昌.计算机辅助机械设计技术基础.北京:消华大学出版社, 1988, (2):32~37
47张宝生,李杰,林明芳.汽车优化理论与方法.北京:机械工业出版社, 2000, 9(3):75~79
48 Lin Gan.Globalization of the automobile industry in China. dynamics and barriers in greening of the road transportation.Energy Policy, 2003,5(6):537~551
49马庆龙.汽车传动系参数优化及软件开发. [燕山大学硕士学位论文].燕山:燕山大学. 2004:44~46
50王薇.汽车传动系计算仿真及参数优化设计. [湖南大学硕士学位论文].湖南:湖南大学, 2006:42~52
51何峰,杨宁编.汽车动力学.贵州科技出版社, 2003:15~42
52孙靖民.机械优化设计.北京:机械工业出版社, 1990:1~20
53何强,何英. MATLAB扩展编程.北京:清华大学出版社, 2002:15~42
54 Edward B. Magrab等编著. MATLAB原理与工程应用.北京:电子工业出版社, 2002:150~163